Ukwazi ukuthi yiziphi izifo ze-blackberry, ungakhula isitshalo esihle futhi esinempilo. Amajikijolo aqoqwe ngokwakhe uzungu amnandi kakhulu. Abaningi bakhetha izithelo ezimnyama nezinkulu. Ukuze uzuze umphumela oyifunayo, kubalulekile ukuqaphela le nkinga ngesikhathi, unqume ukuthi yini ngempela ebangela futhi ngokushesha uqale ukwelashwa kwesiko lengadi.
Izifo eziphambili ze-blackberry
Ngokuvamile, lesi sitshalo sithinteka isikhunta pathogenic. Yizimbangela zokucishe kube yi-80% yezifo zasehlathini.
Ijikijolo eluhlaza ikhombisa ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo eziyingozi, ukwelashwa okufanele kuqalwe ngaso leso sikhathi.
Izifo ezijwayelekile
- ukugqwala;
- amabala ansomi;
- anthracnose;
- Septhemba
Indawo yemvelo yesikhunta ingumhlabathi. Basakazeka kalula ngomoya nemvula. Umthombo wokutheleleka ungasungulwa okungasatholakali noma izithombo ezintsha. Ukutheleleka kungena kalula emonakalweni iyiphi ingxenye yesitshalo ngesikhathi sokufakelwa. Abasabalalisi bezifo yizinambuzane ezihlala kuma-amajikijolo kanye nokuntuleka kwamaminerali noma amavithamini.
Ukuthola ukuthi kungani i-blackberry isomile, kufanele uhlole amaqabunga ngokucophelela. Ukushintshwa kombala kuzokutshela ukuthi iyiphi i-vitamin engekho.
Uhlu lwezinto kanye nezimpawu zokushoda kwazo ezitshalweni:
- I-iron Ukuntuleka kwalesi sakhi yisizathu sokuqala esenza amajikijolo omile omnyama. Amaqabunga aphenduka aphuzi bese imithambo ivele ibe nsundu.
- I-nitrogen Zonke izingxenye zesitshalo ziba buthakathaka: amaqabunga aba mancane, abe ophuzi futhi acwebe, ama-blackberry aqhakaza kahle, futhi athela izithelo ngamajikijolo amancane.
- Potassium Emapuletini akhiwe, kwakhiwa umngcele onsundu, lapho sesivuthiwe, amajikijolo athambeka kakhulu maphakathi. Imvamisa amaqabunga aphuzi ku-blackberry abonwa entwasahlobo.
- I-calcium Amahlumela aphezulu, angaze aqhakaze, afe, amahlamvu asemancane aphuzi aphuzi.
- Magnesium Amapuleti amaqabunga athola umthunzi ongashintshiwe - obomvu noma onsomi, izindawo ezibonakalayo ezibonakalayo ziyabonakala kuzo, isitshalo sizilahla kusenesikhathi.
- Iphosphorus Amaqabunga aqhakaza ngokubambezeleka, mnyama ngokushesha, kuphenduke mnyama bese kumile.
- Copper. Amahlumela angafuni ukukhula, iziqongo zesihlahla ziyanyamalala, umkhawulo weqabunga uphenduka umhlophe.
- Bor. Amaqabunga amancane, awontekile futhi asontekile awa ngokushesha, ama-cork hollows akha amajikijolo.
- I-Zinc Amaqabunga acinene futhi amancane eziqongweni zezihlahla.
- Manganese Amaphethini avela emaqabungeni, amapuleti aphenduka aphuzi bese uwa.
- IMolybdenum. Amabala akhanyayo ngamaqabunga amasha owomile ngokushesha futhi aqhekeke.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, amagciwane ahlukahlukene athelelelela amajikijolo. Babangela ukujikijela okuphuzi, i-curl, noma i-mosaic. Amabhasi athintekile awanelashwa. Kufanele zichithwe ukuze leli gciwane lingasakazeki kuyo yonke indawo futhi lingatheleleleli amanye amasiko.
I-Anthracnose - isifo esonakalisa isiko
Lesi yisifo esijwayelekile se-blackberry, ukulwa naso okudinga umzamo. Lesi sifo sicaphukisa amakhowe i-Gloeosporium venetum Speg. Ithinta izitshalo ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo noma ekuqaleni kwehlobo. Izimvula ezivama, ukuthambisa kanzima kufaka isandla kulokhu. 
Le fungus izizwa kahle ezifundeni ezinesimo sezulu esipholile nesinomswakama. Isibonelo, engxenyeni esenyakatho yeBelarus, iRussia ne-Ukraine. Ukutheleleka kuthinta zonke izingxenye zesitshalo ezitholakala ngaphezu komhlaba.
Ungahlonza lesi sifo ngezilonda ezimpunga. Amajikijolo amajikijolo anjalo ancibilikisa kancane bese omiswa kancane kancane. Kaningi besendaweni eluhlaza, bagoba futhi bawe.
Izinsimbi ezinesifo sokukhunta ziba mncane, ziba ngamabala (grey noma ngohlaka olunsomi). Ngemuva kwalokho, ukuhlaselwa kwakheka endaweni ethintekayo; kubonakala sengathi izinambuzane zihlalile kulesi simila. Izikhala zivame ukutholakala eduze kwemithambo emikhulu nasemaphethelweni amapuleti.
Amahlumela amajikijolo awathinteki kakhulu yi-anthracnose. Ezingxenyeni eziyizimpande, kwakhiwa amabala avela phezulu we-violet hue, aqhekeka phakathi nendawo. Kamuva "zikhula", zingene zingene ngaphakathi. Uhlaka lwe-violet luhlala, kanti oluphakathi luyashintsha umbala lube mpunga. Amagxolo ezihlahleni ahlukaniswe. Amagatsha ezithelo abonakala ezungezwe izindandatho, aqala ukoma kanye namajikijolo aluhlaza.
Ukuqeda i-anthracnose, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa izindlela ezinjalo:
- ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo noma ekwindla, faka indawo leyo ngomquba noma ngengxube ye-peat;
- lapho wenza amajikijolo, ondle nge-mineral complexes;
- ukuhlanzwa kwesiza, ukuthamba;
- ukulawula kokunisela;
- ukususwa kwazo zonke izingxenye ezonakele zehlathi ngemuva kokudlula ubusika.
Uma ukusakazeka kokutheleleka kungeke kugwenywe futhi kwavela izimpawu zayo zokuqala, khona-ke ukwelashwa nge-fungicides kufanele kwenziwe. Kuwo ngamunye wabo kukhona ukufundiswa, kubalulekile ukunamathela.
Ngokuvamile amajikijolo athintekile aphathwa kathathu. Okokuqala, ngaphambi kokuqhakaza, ke - lapho amahlumela amasha efika ku-35 cm, okwesithathu - ngemuva kokuvunwa. Imiphumela emihle itholakala ngokunakekela inhlabathi ezungeze izitshalo ngaphambi kokuqala kobusika, kanye nangemva kwayo, ngokususwa kanyekanye kwamagatsha anesifo.
Kwezidakamizwa zokulwa ne-anthracnose, isixazululo esingu-5% sensimbi noma i-sulfate yethusi, iFundazol, iFundazim, iToppaz, i-Cuproxat, iBardoBlue kufanelekile.
Ukubuka amabala okuyiphutha
Lesi sifo esikhohlisayo sibizwa nangokuthi i-didimella. Ingozi yayo ukuthi emaqabungeni amakhulu icishe ingabonakali. Lesi sifo sithinta kakhulu izinso, amahlumela amasha, ama-petioles.
Ukutheleleka kuqala ukubonakala ngokuoma kanye nokufa kwezinso, ukoma amahlumela, ukuwa kwamahlamvu. AmaViolet anama-brown tint amabala avela esiqwini se-blackberry, kancane kancane "akhula". Zithinta izindawo eziseduze kwe-petioles, nazo ezijika zibe nsomi.
Amaqabunga amboza amabala amnyama ngezinhlaka eziphuzi. Amagatsha wonke angaba onsomi. Balahla amaqabunga, baba brittle, bomile ngaphandle. I-blackberry blooms enesifo ithela kancane, ithela izithelo ngamajikijolo amancane anamathambo amabi. Kungukubakhona kwalesi sifo okuphendula lo mbuzo: "Kungani ijikijolo limuncu?"
Ukuqeda ukubala okunguhlaza onsomi:
- Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, izihlahla zifafazwa ngohlobo lwebhadi (2%).
- Ngomonakalo omkhulu, usizo lwe-fungicides Fundazole nosizo lweTopsin M.
- Nikeza inhlanzeko esizeni, ukuncipha ukuphuma kokutshalwa, ukuhlanza kwentwasahlobo kubaluleke kakhulu.
- Esimweni esibi ngokwedlulele, kubhidlika izihlahla zama-blackberry, kubulawa amagciwane omhlabathi, bese kutshalwa into entsha engxenyeni engadini kude ne-berry yakudala.
Uma ufuna lesi sitshalo sinikeze isivuno esiningi, kufanele uhlole njalo izihlahla. Endabeni yokuvela kwamaqabunga aphuzi ku-blackberry, kuyadingeka ukufaka imizamo ngokushesha okukhulu, ngoba lokhu kuwuphawu lokuqala lokugula okungathi sína.
Icubungula iBlackberry Autumn - ividiyo
