Ukukhulisa isivuno esimnandi sezimpande ngesivuno esihle, uzodinga ukwazi ezinye izinto eziyinkimbinkimbi zokutshala nokunakekela ama-beet emhlabathini ovulekile. Isiko lineminyaka emibili, kepha uma likhule ngokungalungile, ukwakheka kwe-peduncle kuzoqala, kuyilapho isivuno sezimpande singasebenzi noma sizoba sincane futhi sibi. Hlakulela izinhlobonhlobo ezakha amakhanda ayindilinga nezithelo ezibunjiwe ezi-cylindrical. I-Betset itafula, ifolishi noshukela. Umbala wempande yetafula awukwazi ukuthi ube yi-burgundy kuphela, kwesinye isikhathi izinhlobonhlobo ezinombala ohlukile zitholakala. Kunezinhlobo ezinamaqabunga ezinamaqabunga.
Ukulungiswa kwenhlabathi nokutshala imbewu
IBeetroot ithanda inhlabathi ekhanyayo ekhanyayo ngokungathathi hlangothi. Ngakho-ke, umbhede wengadi ulungiselelwe ekwindla. Izandulelo ezinhle kakhulu kuzoba yizilimo ezifuna ukuzala kwenhlabathi. Kungaba anyanisi, ukhukhamba, utamatisi. Awukwazi ukuhlwanyela ama-beet emva kokutshala ngokubethelwa, ngoba anezinambuzane ezivamile. Umbhede kufanele ukhiqizwe eminyakeni edlule. Ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, i-superphosphate ne-potassium chloride zengezwa emhlabathini. Ukuze uthole ukuzala, okuqukethwe okwanele kwe-humus, okwakhiwa ngokufaka umquba noma i-humus, kubalulekile.
Umquba omusha awufakwa embhedeni ngaphansi kwezitshalo ezimpande. IBeetroot ifaka kahle umanyolo we-nitrogen futhi uwagcine ezitshalweni eziyimpande. Ngakho-ke, ukweqile kwe-nitrogen enhlabathini akwamukeleki.
Umhlaba uthukululwe ngokujulile futhi usikwa ube yimisele ngemikhawulo ngebanga elingamasentimitha angama-25. Imbewu ibekwa ebangeni elingamasentimitha angama-9 kuya kwayi-10. Ukusuka phezulu, afafazwa kuze kube ngu-2 cm ojulile, inhlabathi iswakanyisiwe. Amahlumela azovela ngesonto uma kwenziwa ukwelashwa kwembewu kwangaphambili.
Imbewu yeBeet iqoqwa emabhulokeni futhi ngaphezulu kusegobolondweni elijwayelekile, okumele libhujiswe ukusheshisa ukuhluma kwembewu. Amanzi afakwe endaweni yesisombululo somlotha, kwizivuseleli, alandelwe ukuhluma. Ukuze kwenzeke lokhu, imbewu igcinwa isesimweni esimanzi usuku noma ezimbili. Ngalesi sikhathi, imbewu iyavuvukala, futhi ukuhluma kwazo emhlabeni kwenzeka ngokushesha.
Ukusuka kusihloko esithi ikhanda, kungafika izithombo ezinhlanu. Ngakho-ke, ngemuva kokuhluma, izitshalo kufanele zinwetshwe, kushiye ihlumela elilodwa elinamandla kusuka ku-glomerulus. Kukhona imbewu ye-single-seed, futhi lolu lwazi lubhalwe kwiphakheji. Ungatshala kanjani ama-beet, ngasiphi ibanga, kuncike ekunakekelweni okunye. Uma udinga ukusebenzisa amaqabunga amancane namaqhubu, amabhungane ahlwanyelwa kaningi ukuze anciphise futhi asebenzise imikhiqizo yokuqala.
Ukunakekelwa Kwezinkukhu Zasehlobo
Ukukhulisa izilimo ezihlwabusayo zezimpande ngomkhiqizo omuhle, kufanele ulandele imithetho elula yokunakekelwa:
- ukuhlwanyela ngesikhathi esifanele;
- ukuthambisa okufanele kwezitshalo;
- Ukhula nokulawulwa kwezinambuzane;
- umsoco wezitshalo.
Uma ama-beet enzelwe ukuthola imikhiqizo angathengiswayo yokubekisa ebusika, akufanele uphuthume ngokutshala. Inhlabathi kufanele ifudunyezwe ngamadigri ayi-10, izithombo akufanele ziwele ngaphansi kokupholisa, ngaphandle kwalokho amabhungane azozidubula. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlwanyela kuqala lapho ukushisa okuqhubekayo kuqinisekisiwe kuzithombo ezincane.
Esifundeni ngasinye, ukushisa kuhlangana ngezikhathi ezihlukile. Ngakho-ke, e-Ukraine, ukuhlwanyelwa kungaba ngo-Ephreli, emadolobheni aphakathi nendawo ngoMeyi, e-Eastern Siberia ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi. Lapho kukhula ama-beet, kunezici ezimbalwa ezizosiza ukukhulisa isivuno somusa sezimpande.
Ama-beet kuphela adinga ukondliwa ngosawoti ojwayelekile wethebula. Ngaso leso sikhathi, iba lula futhi ibe mnandi. Ukuchazwa kwalesi simo kulele kwimvelaphi yesitshalo. EMedithera, bekungamakhulu eminyaka kuvunguza emoyeni wasolwandle, owesawoti, futhi uye waba yisitshalo esidingekayo ngokomzimba.
Ngemuva kokuncipha, izitshalo ziyaniselwa ngokufakwa kukamanyolo wokukhula ngokushesha kwendawo yokuphuma. Okufanele ukondle izindebe zokukhula kukhethwa ngokuya ngezimo. Lokhu kungaba ukufakwa kwamakhambi ngezimbabazane, potrateum nitrate noma urea. Noma yimuphi umanyolo owethulwe uqukethe i-nitrogen.
Ngemuva kokuvela kwamaqabunga angama-6-7 athuthukile, ukugqokwa kwama-foliar ngama-microelements kufanele kwenziwe, okubaluleke kakhulu kuwo ama-beets azoba i-boron. Uma i-beetroot ikhula kabi ngemuva kokufakwa i-nitrogen, banquma ukuthi bazondlani ngemuva kokuhlaziywa kwe-acidity yenhlabathi. Kungenzeka ukuthi imvelo ye-acidic iphazamise ukumuncwa kwezinto. I-ambulensi kuleli cala kuzoba ukwethulwa komlotha.
Ukuntuleka kwe-boron enhlabathini kumele kuphinde kwenziwe. Izimpawu zokuntuleka kwalesi sakhi zizoba yi-beetvusosis - ukwakheka kwamabala amnyama esitshalweni sezimpande. Ukufafaza okuyisivimba ngesisombululo se-5 g se-boric acid nge-10 wamalitha amanzi kuzovikela izitshalo zezimpande emaphutheni.
Ngemuva kokuthi izithelo sezenze usayizi we-walnut, ukugqokwa kwesibili ephezulu kwenziwa, ngomanyolo we-phosphorus-potassium. Okufanele ukondle ama-beet ngoJulayi kukhethwe ngokuya ngezidingo zokuthuthuka kwesitshalo. Kusukela ekuqaleni ukwakhiwa kwezitshalo zezimpande, noma yikuphi ukugqoka okuphezulu ngokufakwa kwezakhi ze-nitrogen kufanele kungafakwa ngaphandle. Isibonelo sokugqoka okunjalo okulinganisa okuphezulu ngumanyolo we-Agricola-4. Kulokhu, ukugqoka okuphezulu kwenziwa ngaphandle kokufafaza, kusuka esihlokweni esiseduze kwezitshalo, ngaphandle kokwenza imvula yeqabunga. Noma yikuphi ukugqoka okuphezulu kwenziwa emhlabathini omanzi ngemuva kokunisela.
Kwesinye isikhathi kuphakama umbuzo, ukuthi angabiwa kanjani amanzi emhlabathini ovulekile. Isitshalo sezimpande asikhuli kahle ngokuswakama kwenhlabathi okungalingani. Ukuchelela okuningi kwenhlabathi eyomile kungaholela ekuqhekekeni kwezitshalo zezimpande. Ngakho-ke, ukuchelela okukhokhisa amanzi kuyadingeka ngokufafaza ngokuhlinzekwa kwamanzi okufika kumalitha angama-20 kwisikwele esisodwa kanye. Ngokuphakathi, ukuthambisa kwamasonto onke kuyadingeka, okumiswa amasonto ama-2 ngaphambi kokuvuna.
Izinambuzane nezifo ze-beet
Amaqabunga enempilo ka-beet anendawo ecwebezelayo engenabala. Ukuvela kokubonakaliswa kwe-chcharotic ye-uncharacteristic, izindawo ezomile zibonisa ukuthi sekuyisikhathi sokuphatha ukwelashwa kwe-foliar ngamalungiselelo we-fungicidal. Ukuvimbela ukusetshenziswa kwe-Fitosporin noma i-Bordeaux ingxube ene-1% kuzoba ngcono kakhulu.
Izinambuzane zidala umonakalo omkhulu kuma-beet:
- amabhungane eBhungroot;
- nematode kanye nama-wireworms;
- ubusika neklabishi scoops.
Ukulawulwa kwalezi zinambuzane kufaka izindlela zokukhetha izilokazane ezivela emhlabeni, izindlela zokuphilayo kanye zamakhemikhali. Ukusetshenziswa kwezindawo ezidayiswayo lapho kuthuthukiswa izilimo kuyindlela evikela kakhulu. Ukusetshenziswa kwezivuseleli zenhlabathi kuzovumela ama-microorganisms ukuthi abuyisele ibhalansi ngokwawo ngaphandle kokusebenzisa isazi samakhemikhali. Ngakho-ke, ukusetshenziswa ejwayelekile kwezidakamizwa ezifana neRadiance ne-EM-1 Baikal kuzosiza ukukhulisa ukungavikeleki kwezitshalo ezifokothweni nasezifo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwenziwa ifilimu emaqabungeni avimbela ukungena kwe-spores kanye ne-punctures.
Ukuhlanza ama-beet lapho kugcinwa futhi kanjani
Okubaluleke kakhulu yizitshalo zezimpande eziphakathi nendawo. Kungakho kungafanele uphuthume ngokuhlwanyelwa kwentwasahlobo. Lapho ama-beets ekhula ngobukhulu, i-coarser i-fiber. Susa ama-beets ukuze aqandeke, ngoba isitshalo sezimpande asikubekezeleli okushisa okuyi-subzero futhi ngeke kulungele ukugcinwa. Futhi i-biology yesitshalo ukuthi izimpande ezikhulile zikhuphuka ngaphezu kobuso. Ngakho-ke, asusa amabheshu kusenesikhathi.
Imifino iyakhululwa ku-petioles ngaphandle kommese ngokusonta iziqongo. Ukusika ngommese okwesikhathi eside futhi ijusi eliningi kushiya isivuno sezimpande kunokusonteka okungalingani. Umhlaba uyoma futhi usula ngobuso ngaphandle kokuphazamisa isikhumba esincanyana. Izithelo ezilimele azifanele isitoreji. Ungagcina izimbotshana ebhokisini elinesihlabathi futhi ngaphezulu kwamazambane. Uthatha umswakama owedlula emgqonyeni wethala.
