I-Levkoy noma i-matthiola - lezi kwakuyizimbali ezazisakazeke zangena ngaphakathi emingceleni yokuphila kwezingadi zasebukhosini, izimbali zezimbali ezingadalwanga nezingadi ezijwayelekile zabantu. Kodwa-ke, imfashini - le ntokazi ayiguquki nje kuphela, kodwa futhi ihamba isiyingi - ukuthandwa kwale mibala futhi kuyaqala ukuthola amandla.
Izitshalo zezimbali zanamuhla zalesi sigaba zibiza igama lazo e-Italy uPietro Mattioli, isazi sezitshalo esivelele futhi umphilisi wasenkantolo, owathi phakathi nekhulu le-16 leminyaka wayengomunye wongoti abaphambili baseYurophu ngezimbali namakhambi zokuhlobisa. Kwakungenxa yemizamo yakhe ukuthi kwavela izinhlobo ezintsha nezinhlobonhlobo zama-tulips, ama-daffodils nama-hyacinths. Nokho, ngeLevkoi ... Akukaziwa ukuthi ngubani owenze lo mzamo, kepha ngemuva kwesikhashana esithile, ekhumbula usosayensi ovelele, kwikhodi yegama lomhlaba jikelele wezezitshalo, lezi zimbali zashintsha igama lazo zisuka kuLeucoion (i-violet emhlophe) zaya eMathethi.
Okwamanje Izinhlobo ezingama-2 ze-botanical ziyatshalwa - i-levok noma i-matthiola grey-hair (Matthiola Incana) kanye ne-matthiola bicorn (Matthiola Bicornis).
I-White Levkoy
Izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-500 zanamuhla zesinxele zingumhlobiso ngendlela engajwayelekile emahlathini amaqoqo. Ngenxa yobubanzi obukhulu bokukhula kanye nemibala, kungenzeka ukuthi kukhule ukwakheka kwama-multi-tiered ku-flowerbed kusuka kubo, okuzonikeza ubumnandi obuyimpilo kusuka ngoJuni kuya kuNovemba, nasezifundeni eziseningizimu ezinyangeni zasebusika. Izinhlobo ze-dwarf zizoba umhlobiso omuhle wonyaka wonke wanoma iyiphi ingaphakathi.
Incazelo yezinhlobo zezitshalo
UMattiola onezinwele ezimpunga (i-Levkoy), njengomthetho, unyaka nonyaka, uvame ukuba ongapheli, onotshani, ovame ukuhlotshiswa ngezihlahla, okungahle kube lula noma kube ngamagatsha. Amaqabunga e-Oblong-lanceolate, amaqabunga e-ovate ahlelwe ngokuhlukileingaba bushelelezi noma i-pubescent. Ngenxa yezinhlobonhlobo zemibala yamaqabunga - kusuka kokukhanya okugcwele okugcwele okugcwele kuya kumithunzi eminingi ejulile emnyama ene-fluff yesiliva, ukwakheka okuvela kubantu abangakwesokunxele kubheke ku-100 konke ngisho naphakathi kosuku.
Amabhulogi kaMattiola anezinwele isikhathi eside, alahla izinyawo eziningana. Ama-inflorescence ama -hlanga aqondile, anobume obuhlukahlukene nobukhulu, anezimbali eziyi-10-100. Amabhulashi, ekutshaleni kweqembu, alula nge-10-30%, amanye ayisimo sokuhlobisa. Izimbali ezilula zinezimbali ezi-4, nezimbali eziphindwe kabili zesibalo esikhulu (kufika ku-70) zamaphalishi alula. Umbala, usayizi kanye nomumo webhulashi yi-multivariate. Izindlela ezilula zezimbali zihlala ku-4-5, bese ziphindwe kabili - kufinyelela ezinsukwini ezingama-20. Izinhlobo ezingama-terry kuphela ezinemfanelo ephezulu yobuhle.
Izici Zokuphindaphindeka
Akumangalisi ukuthi abashiywe benesasasa kangaka kuma-nerds. UMattiola ngwevu - isitshalo esiyingqayizivele esinendlela ekhangayo yokuzala. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ukuzalanisa kwesobunxele imbewu, ubuningi bama-inflorescences ayinyumba ngenxa yokulimala kwezimbali eziphindwe kabili - azinazo izibhamu namaphara. Lokhu kungaboli kuwuphawu lwama-terry inflorescence. Ukuqhakaza kuphela kwezimbali ezi-4 ezi-petal ezigcina kumaphekula omile ngembewu enobumba.
Indlela ye "concepts" nayo iyathakazelisa - ukuzithiba-impova kwenzeka kwi-bud encane evaliwe, kuthi lapho ivula, bese kuba nophondo oluncane olunqenqemana nesizinda sesiphambano sezimbambo ezi-4. Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo ze-matthiol, i-leukemia igcina ukukhula kakhulu kwembewu (kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-6).
Ukuze uzilungiselele ngokwenzalo yembewu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ulondoloze ibhalansi phakathi kwesandla esinobunxele nesobunxele - 10-30% kuya ku-90-70%. Kwakhe Kwenziwe ngezigaba ezi-2:
- Esigabeni sokuqoqwa kwembewu, amafomu alula azokhula aqhamuke ngamabhodwe aminyene futhi aminyene, kanti lawo amancanyana azokhula aqheleleke noma afushane, afiphele, aqhamuke, amafende ancindezelwe esiqubeni. Ekupheleni kukaSepthemba, lapho pods iphenduka iba nsundu, kuyadingeka ukukhipha isitshalo sonke bese usomisa egumbini elinomoya. Ngemuva kokuba ama-pods eseomile ngokuphelele, ayahlukana futhi anikine imbewu.
- Lapho ukhula izithombo - beka izitshalo izinsuku ezimbili egumbini nge-t 6-8 ℃. Ezitshalweni zika-terry, amaqabunga e-cotyledonous azophenduka abe luhlaza okotshani, futhi ezitshalweni ezilula, azoba luhlaza omnyama.
Ukuhlwanyela izinsuku
Lapho ukhetha ibhulakufesi elilinywayo, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi okwenziwe ngakwesokunxele, kuye ngokuthi ubude bomjikelezo wokuthuthuka, kuhlukaniswe izigaba ezi-3 futhi kudinga indlela yomuntu ngamunye.
| Isigaba sebanga | Isikhathi sokufika | Indawo ekhulayo | Isiqalo sezimbali |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ihlobo (var. Annua) | Mashi - Ephreli (izithombo), ukuphela kuka-Ephreli (endaweni evulekile) | umhlaba ovulekile | NgoJuni - Julayi |
| I-Autumn (var. Autumnalis) | ukuphela kuka-Ephreli - ukuqala kukaMeyi | umhlaba ovulekile | ukuphela kwehlobo |
| Ubusika (var. Hibema) | NgoJuni - Julayi | abamba ukushisa, abamba ukushisa, indlu | entwasahlobo |
Izinhlobonhlobo zezigaba zekwindla nobusika emzileni ophakathi nendawo endaweni evulekile musa ubusikaNgakho-ke, izinhlobo ezinde zitshalwa ukuze zikhululwe bese zisikwa, futhi zigxiliwe ekukhuleni kwasekhaya ezimbizeni. I-Levkoy, ehlwanyelwe emhlabathini ovulekile, eziqhakaza kamuva kuka izithombo.
Ukufika kwangaphandle
Kwi-levkoy, i-loamy nenhlabathi enesihlabathi esine-alkali noma i-ph. Indawo kufanele ikhanyiswe kahle futhi ikhishwe. Ukuze ugweme ukutheleleka ngefosili ebethelekayo, gwema izindawo lapho izitshalo ezibethelwa khona zikhule ngaphambili, noma ngaphambi kokufakelwa phatha inhlabathi ngeHom. Ngokugcwalisa lezi zidingo, uzonakekela ukunakekelwa okuqhubekayo kwezitshalo.
Lapho uhlwanyela imbewu emhlabathini ovulekile, isihlabathi esincane sithululelwa ezitshalweni ezingashongo. Ngemuva kokuhluma kwembewu, ukuncipha kuyadingeka:
- Esigabeni samaqabunga amabili e-cotyledonary - ibanga phakathi kwamahlumela kufanele libe ngu-8-10 cm.
- Esigabeni 4-5 saleli shidi. Njengomphumela wokuncipha kwesibili (kwesinye isikhathi kwesithathu), ibanga phakathi kwezitshalo ezingama-single-stem kufanele lisuke ku-15 liye ku-20 cm, futhi phakathi kwesihlahla esinamagatsha anamanzi noma iphiramidi elingaphezu kuka-25-30 cm. Labo abasele kwesinxele akufanele "babulawe", kufanele badluliselwe ngesigaxa sobumba endaweni engenalutho. .
Indlela yezithombo
Ngaphambi kokutshala, imbewu yeLeukkoy ifakwe emanzini ize ikhule (cishe ngosuku). Ngemuva kwalokho, usongwe ngendwangu emanzi, vikela izinsuku eziningana efrijini. Kudingeka iziqukathi ezijulile ukuze kuhlume ngenhlabathi elungisiwe ingxube ye-turf nesihlabathi - 3: 1. Akunakwenzeka ukuthatha inhlabathi kusuka endaweni lapho kwakhula khona izitshalo ezibethelwa - izithombo zizogula ngomlenze we-keel noma omnyama.
Lapho utshala, kuyadingeka ukuzama ukuhlwanyela imbewu kancane futhi ungabi ngaphezu kuka-0.5 cm. Ibhokisi limbozwe ngefilimu futhi lifakwa endaweni emnyama nge-t = 22-25 ℃. Ukuhluma kwembewu kwezinsuku ezingama-4-5, mhlawumbe kuze kube ngamaviki ama-2. Ngokushesha lapho kuvela amahlumela, ifilimu kufanele isuswe futhi ibeke ibhokisi ngaphansi kokukhanya okugcwele okusakazekile egumbini elinomqondo wokushisa ophansi kuya ku-10-12 ℃. Ukunisela kokuqala kwezitshalo kwenziwa ezinsukwini ezingama-2-3 ngemuva kokuhluma.
Ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-12-10 kusuka ekuhlolweni, izithombo zingena kumakhasethi ngenhlanganisela yesihlabathi (1), inhlabathi yamaqabunga (2) ne-turf (2). Unganaki iqiniso lokuthi izitshalo azizange zivele zingamaqabunga angokoqobo. Ngesikhathi sokuhudula, kuyinto efiselekayo qinisa uhlelo lwezimpande nganoma yiziphi izindlela zesimanje, kuthi lapho kuvela amaqabunga amabili eqiniso, nikeza isisombululo se-litre eyodwa nge-microdoses: zethusi sulfate (0.3 g), i-manganese sulfate (0.3 g), zinc (0,1 g), i-boric acid (0 , 3 g).
Amaviki amabili ngaphambi kokufakelwa emhlabathini ovulekile, ayafeza, kancane kancane anda ngesikhathi, izinqubo zokuqina.
Ukutshala izithombo obala kufanele kwenziwe ngemuva kukaMeyi 15. Akufanele wesabe amafridi okubuya - abangakwesokunxele bazokubekezelela kahle izinkathazo ezinjalo. Ukuze usinde kangcono, izitshalo ezincane zitshalwa emigodini yobumba, igcwele amanzi. Ngemuva kokugcwalisa izimbobo - umhlaba uhlanganiswa ngokucophelela. Isikhala esiphakathi kwezitshalo ezinesitayela esisodwa nesiqu singama-15x15 noma ama-20x20 cm; ngezinhlobo ezinde futhi ezinamagatsha - 25x25 noma 30x30 cm.
Izinhlobo
Ngaphambi kokuthi noma ngubani ofuna ukujabulela hhayi iphunga nje kuphela, kodwa futhi nobuhle bezimbali ezi-terry, kuzoba isinqumo esinzima. Futhi lapha akuyona kuphela ukukhetha kokukhula kwezitshalo noma umbala wamaqabunga nezimbali. Ukuzalela kwanamuhla kuyanikeza Izinhlobo ezi-8 ezihlukile ze-inflorescence.
Mattiola - Umxhwele wephunga lamathoni angafinyeleleki
Enye inhlobonhlobo ye-matthiola - i-bicorn, ayikhulelwanga "ukucabanga", kepha "iphunga". Izimbali ezingama-Nondescript eziqhakaza kusihlwa zinephunga elimnandi kusukela ekushoneni kwelanga kuze kube sekuphumeni kwelanga.
Ukukhetha kwalolu hlobo kuhloselwe ukuthuthukisa kanye nemithunzi ehlukahlukene yephunga. Ngakho-ke, iMattiola bicorn, njengomthetho, ihlumela ngokuqinile isihlahla saminyaka yonke kusuka ku-40 kuye ku-50 cm ukuphakama enamagqabha aluhlaza afakwe ngotshani aluhlaza. Imbewu yakhiwa embozweni ophela ngezimpondo ezi-2. Imbewu ye-leukemia enezimpondo igcina ukuhluma iye kufinyelela eminyakeni emi-3. Imithetho yokutshala nokunakekela ayihlukile ku-matthiola grey.
Ukunakekelwa kukaLevkoy noMattiola
Ama-violets asebusuku awavezi kakhulu, kepha idinga ukunakwa okufanelekile nokujwayelekile:
- ukuthambisa olinganiselayo - kwenziwa ngendlela yesikhathi, ngoba izimbali azikwazi ukuma ukugcwala kwamanzi nesomiso;
- ukugqokwa kwamaminerali aphezulu - ekusekelweni kwentwasahlobo kuyadingeka ngomanyolo ogcwele wamaminerali, futhi ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza - i-potassium-phosphorus.
- ukulwa nengquza ebethelekayo - ekutholakaleni, isibaya esi-3 (nokuphazamiseka kwezinsuku ezingama-4-5) kufanele senziwe, ngokuphelele, kuzo zonke izinhlangothi, ukucubungula amaqabunga ngesisombululo somlotha noma ngama-insecticides akhethekile;
- ukucekelwa phansi kokhula nokukhulunulwa kwenhlabathi - kwenziwa ngemuva kwemvula ngayinye noma ukuthambisa ukuthola "ukuphefumula" okugcwele kwezimpande;
- i-mulching - ama-matthiols athanda ukunakwa okunjalo, ikakhulukazi ekushiseni, kepha awakudingi iminyaka eminingi ngonyaka wokutshala;
- Ukulungiselela ubusika - izitshalo zidonswa emgqeni ophakathi nendawo, isiza simbiwe, sivuthwe, futhi ezingxenyeni eziseningizimu abakwa-matthiol basikwa bafinyelele ezingeni lomhlabathi.
Ngaphambi kokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo, Mattiolu ingatshalwa ebhodweni futhi uqhubeke nokukhula ekhaya. Isihlahla se-matthiola terry esiye sathandwa nephunga laso elimnandi sizonika ubumnandi ngobusuku obude basebusika futhi ngeke sidinge ukunakekelwa ngokucophelela.
"Yiza," indiza ivela ku-elm iye ku-elm, futhi ngokuzumayo iba nesisindo, kungathi kufinyelela isigaba esiphakeme kunazo zonke, iphunga elingalali lika-matthiol. B. Pasternak.
