Namuhla ezivandeni zezithelo, njengakuqala kwezingadi ezinhle kakhulu ze-botanical, ungathola izitshalo zezithelo ezivela emhlabeni wonke. Akukho okuhlukile - i-Cherry yezithombe, izithombe nezincazelo zezinhlobonhlobo zazo ezizosiza ukwenza umbono wesiko futhi ikuthole njengendawo engadini engaphambili noma engadini kunoma yisiphi isifunda sezwe lethu.
I-Felt Cherry - ivela esifundeni esiseFar East: China, Korea neManchuria. Lesi sitshalo sinegama laso kunqwaba ebimhlophe ebonakalayo kumahlamvu, amahlumela amancane, ama-petioles, ngisho nesikhumba samajikijolo.
Isitshalo esihluke kakhulu ngokubukeka kusuka ezinhlanzini zasendle nezilinywe eYurophu, satholakala ezweni lethu kuphela ekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule. Ukumelana nesithwathwa, okubekezelela kalula isomiso kanye nezihlahlana ezinezithelo eziningi ezinesayensi ye-USSR. Ukulima kanye nokuhlwanyelwa okuhlosiwe kwama-cherries azwakalayo kwenziwa e-Far East nasenkabeni yengxenye yaseYurophu.
Sekuyiminyaka engama-30 sibonga imisebenzi yeN.N. Tikhonova, I.V. UMichurina noG.T. IKazmina eyayisetshenziselwa abalimi baseSoviet yayingaba yizinhlobo zezitshalo eziluhlaza qhwa ezibandayo kanye nohlobo lwamakhherubi azwelayo nesihlabathi. Kamuva, izinhlobo ezifanele ukulinyelwa zatholakala hhayi eningizimu yePrimorye, eCaucasus nakwezinye izindawo ezinesimo sezulu esipholile, kodwa futhi enkabeni yeRussia.
Izici zokukhetha ama-cherries ezifunda ezifundeni ezihlukile
Izinhlobo zamanje zama Cherry azwelayo, ngokusho izincazelo nezithombe, ziyizitshalo ezinkulu ezinesithelo esikhulu esinobude obuyi-1 kuya kweziyi-2,5 amamitha, ezikwazi ukukhiqiza amajikijolo amnandi angama-15.
Fitter cherries kangcono ukumelana nezifo eziyingozi zezithelo zamatshe ezinjenge cococycosis ne-klyasterosporiosis. Akwenzeki kalula ukuthi uhlaselwe yizilokazane futhi usheshe kakhulu kune-cherry ejwayelekile. Ngemuva kweminyaka engu-2-3, insimu yokutshala amagatsha ezihlahla isembozwe ngokoqobo ngezimbali kuqala, bese kulandela amaqanda.
Kepha ngezici eziningi ezinhle, leli siko linobuthakathaka balo. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi, uma kuqhathaniswa nama-cherries ajwayelekile, isihlobo sakhe esikude sase-Asia sinesikhathi sokuphila esifushane. Encazelweni yezinhlobonhlobo zama-cherries azwayo, kuvezwa ukuthi iminyaka ephezulu kakhulu yesihlahla yiminyaka eyi-16 - 19. Eqinisweni, emgqeni ophakathi nendawo, ngemuva kweminyaka engu-8-10 yokufika, badinga isibuyekezo esikahle.
Kudingeka ukunakwa ngokukhethekile ekukhetheni kwezinhlobo zama Cherry azwayo esifundeni saseLeningrad nakwezinye izindawo zesifunda saseNyakatho-Ntshonalanga. Lapha, ngenxa yamathenwa asentwasahlobo aphuma njalo, ukushintshana nesithwathwa, izitshalo ezifihliza ngempumelelo ngaphansi kokufakwa ukuminyelwa kungaba vytryvat. Isimo esifanayo senzeka lapho kukhethwa ama-cherries ahlukahlukene ama-Urals.
Ukugcotshwa kwamanzi futhi kunomswakama, hhayi ukufudumala kakhulu kwehlobo kuyingozi kusiko. Ngezikhathi ezinjalo, zonke izithelo zamatshe zisengozini yokuthola i-moniliosis, okuholela hhayi ekulahlekelweni kwesitshalo kuphela, kepha nasekufeni kwesihlahla sonke.
Uma imvula evamile iyindawo evamile esifundeni, umlimi kuzofanela aphathe okutshale ngama fungicides kabili noma kathathu ngesizini, futhi futhi aqaphe njalo isimo se shrub, asike umhluzi, ungakhohlwa ngokudla nokususa amaqabunga awele namajikijolo.
Uma utshala ama-cherries ahlukahlukene wazwakala esifundeni saseMoscow noma kwesinye isifunda esinobukhulu, obunama-acid, hhayi ocebile ngokweqile enhlabathini wezinto eziphilayo, kufanele unake hhayi kuphela ikhono lokumelana nesithwathwa, kodwa futhi nezidingo zezitshalo emhlabathini. Njengomthetho, isihlahla somhluzi sikhula kangcono, sikhulu ngokwengeziwe, futhi sithela izithelo isikhathi eside ekukhanyisweni, enenhlabathi evulekile ngokuphendula okungathathi hlangothi noma okune-asidi.
Uma inhlabathi esakhiweni ingahlangabezani nezidingo zezitshalo, iyenziwa ihlanganiswe nomxube womanyolo, isihlabathi kanye nokukhanywa endaweni yokutshala. Ngemuva kwalokho inqubo iphindwa kaningi ngeminyaka engama-4-5. Ukufaka ama-cherries kwenziwa minyaka yonke.
UNatalie Felt Cherry
Isihlahla esikhulu esinamandla sifinyelela kumamitha ayi-1,8 ngesivuno esingama-9 kg ngesitshalo ngasinye. Olubomvu obumnyama, izithelo ezincane ze-pubescent ezinhlobonhlobo zezithelo ezingama-cherry uNatalie zifinyelela kwesisindo sama-gramu ayi-4. Amajikijolo ane-pulp ebomvu enomnandi anokunambitheka okumnandi nokumuncu. Ukuvuna kuvuthwa maphakathi noJulayi.
Okunhlobonhlobo kokuzwakala kwe-cherry Twinkle
Ekuphakameni okufika kumamitha ayi-2,2, isihlahla salolu hlobo lwezinzwa ezinhlobonhlobo sibukeka sicinene futhi singekho sikhulu ngaphakathi. Ubomvu, unesikhumba esincane futhi obukhulu, uginindela omuncu omuncu unesisindo esingu-2,5-5 amagremu bese uvuthwe isikhashana kusuka ngoJulayi 18 kuya ku-26. Ngokusho kwencazelo yezinhlobonhlobo, i-cherry Spark etholakele idinga ukuthambisa ejwayelekile, ngaphandle kwalokho izitshalo zingalahlekelwa isivuno sazo, noma i-berry libe lincane futhi libe namanzi kancane. Ukumelana nesithwathwa kwezihlahla zamabhasi kuyenelisa.
Felt cherry Ocean Virovskaya
Ekupheleni kukaJulayi, sekuyisikhathi sokuvuna kusuka esihlahleni se-Ocean Virovskaya cherry. Izitshalo ezifika kumamitha ayi-1,8 ukuphakama zinika ama-9 kg amajikijolo abomvu anesisindo esingama-gramu ayi-3,6. Ukunambitheka kwezithelo kuyavumelana, nokuqukethwe okuphansi kwe-asidi. Ngaphandle kokuthi ipulpiti iminyene futhi inejusi, ayinconywa ukuhambisa izithelo zomhlaba wonke.
Okunhlobonhlobo kwama-cherries wezithombe ezinganeni
Izihlahla ezinobude obungaphezu kwamamitha nesigamu zinobukhulu obukhulu bokulinganiswa komqhele. Ukuqoqwa kokuvuthwa kwamajikijolo abomvu kakhulu kwenziwa ngemuva maphakathi noJulayi. Izithelo ezinesikhumba esinsundu se-pubescent sinesisindo esingama-gramu ayi-3,5 futhi sinambitheka omuhle nobumnandi obashiwo kanye ne-acidity encane. Ukusuka esihlahleni esidala, ungaqoqa kuze kufike kuma-10 kg amajikijolo. Izitshalo azinanzalo futhi zidinga impova.
Humushela incazelo emuva ku-isiNgisi Humusha
Kwamadlozi ehlobo lasehlobo, elenziwa ngabalimi abasebenza kude kwaseMpumalanga Ekude, kuvela elinye isiko - isihlabathi noma isihlahla somhluzi. Kepha ungathola ngalokhu ngalokhu kuphela encazelweni, kunzima ukucabanga ngezimpawu zokuhlanganiswa kabusha kwesithombe esivela ku-cherry eyahlukahlukene. Ukusuka esihlahleni se-sand cherry kwathola ukukhula kancane, ikakhulukazi okusobala eminyakeni yokuqala emva kokutshala. Ukukhanya, ngombala obomvu ongalingani, izithelo zikhulu impela futhi zinesisindo esingama-gramu ayi-3.3. Uginindela umanzi, musha. Amajikijolo avuthwa ekupheleni kukaJulayi, khona-ke angahlala emagatsheni cishe inyanga. Uma isivuno sivuniwe, kufanele sicutshungulwe ngokushesha. Ukuqina kwezitshalo zasebusika kuyisilinganiso. Isihlahla esidala sinika ama-8 kg amajikijolo.
Felt Cherry Pink Crop
Ukusabalalisa amahlahla aphakathi nendawo anhlobonhlobo amelana kuze kube ngu-9.5 kg wamajikijolo apinki abomvu. Ukunambitheka kwezithelo kuyalingana, kanye nokubekwa phambili kobumnandi. Isisindo esijwayelekile ngama-gramu ayi-3. Izilimo ezinkulu zivunwa engxenyeni yesibili kaJulayi. Ukumelana nesithwathwa kwezinhlobonhlobo kuyanelisa, izitshalo azibekezeleli umswakama okweqile.
Incazelo nesithombe sezinhlobo zama-Cherry zaseSmuglyanka zasempumalanga
Engxenyeni yesibili kaJulayi, sekuyisikhathi sokuvuna i-smuglyanka yangaphandle kusuka kuma-cherries azwayo. Ukusuka kumabhasi amancane kakhulu, amamitha angama-1,2 amade kuphela, ungqoqa kuze kufike ku-7 kg wamajikijolo enenyama enesisindo esingama-gramu ayi-2,5. I-pulp yezithelo ithambile, ine-namanzi, ibomvu ocebile. Izitshalo zinobusika obunzima futhi zingasetshenziswa njengama-cherries ahlukahlukene we-Urals nesifunda seLeningrad. Ukuthatha izithelo futhi ngendlela yokuxhunyelelwa.
Felt Cherry Thokozani
Izihlahla ezinde eziyimitha elilodwa nesigamu zidinga ukwakheka okuphoqelekile futhi ngokunakekelwa okuhle ziyakwazi ukukhiqiza amajikijolo amasha amasha amasha angaphezulu kwama-9 kg. Izithelo ezinesikhumba esibomvu esikhanyayo ne-pulp efanayo zinesisindo esingama-gramu ayi-3.5 futhi zibe nokunambitheka okumnandi ngokulinganayo. Isivuno esiningi senziwa ukusuka ngoJulayi 10 kuya ku-20.
Okunhlobonhlobo kwama-cherries Annivil azwayo
Izihlahla eziqinile zobusika eziqinile zalolu hlobo oluhlukahlukene lwe-Cherry Sithole zifinyelela ubude bamamitha ayi-1,7 futhi zibekezelele umthwalo wama-9 kg amajikijolo. Izithelo zinesisindo esingama-gramu ayi-3,5, zibe ne-flavour enhle yama-dessert nokubukeka okuhle. Ukuqothuka okukhulu kwamajikijolo kuhla kusukela ngoJulayi 10 kuya ku-26. Izinhlobonhlobo azesabi isomiso, kepha ngokuswela umswakama, izithelo zincane kakhulu.
U-Amurka wazizwa e-cherry
Onamandla, onomqhele oqabukela kahle wezinhlahla zamasiko zalokhu okuhlukahlukene ubekezelela ubusika obunzima, kepha ungakubekezeleli umswakama okweqile. Ukuvuthwa kwamajikijolo amakhulu anesisindo esingaphezu kwama-2,7 amagremu kuqala engxenyeni yesibili yehlobo. Izithelo zihlala ziqinile emagatsheni, zibe nombala ogqamile, uginindela onoshukela ophethe i-burgundy hue nokunambitheka okumnandi kophudingi. Izinhlobonhlobo zinezithelo ezirekhodiwe, ngokunakekelwa okufanele kufinyelela ku-14,5 kg kusuka kusitshalo esidala.
Lapho uthenga izithombo zalesi sitshalo sezithelo, umuntu akufanele azikholelwe izindaba ukuthi le noma le ndlela ehlukahlukene yezithelo iyazithela. Zonke izinhlobonhlobo zalesi sitshalo ezifakiwe kwiRegistry Yombuso zidinga ama-pollinators, ngakho-ke umlimi kumele angakhawuliswa ekutshaleni isihlahla esisodwa. Esimweni esihle kunazo zonke, isivuno esivela kuso sizoba ikhulu lesilinganiso samajikijolo. Ukuze uthole impova engcono, izihlahla zitshalelwa kude kumamitha ayi-2-3, kuyilapho zingakhohlwa ngokuthena kanye nokunciphisa umqhele.
