I-Superphosphate ayithathwa njengomanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, into ephambili yayo eyi-phosphorus. Imvamisa lokhu kugqokwa kusetshenziswa ngesikhathi sentwasahlobo, kepha i-superphosphate ijwayele ukusetshenziswa kokubili njengomanyolo we-ekwindla kanye nomanyolo maphakathi nesizini. Ngaphezu kwe-phosphorus, lo manyolo ubuye uqukethe i-nitrogen kudosi elincane. Ngokunikezwe lokhu, lapho usebenzisa umanyolo enhlabathini ngesikhathi sekwindla, udinga ukuqaphela bese uzama ukukusebenzisa ngaleso sikhathi kungaba ngamapulethi amancane, noma ufake umhlabathi ohloselwe ukutshala izilimo zasentwasahlobo.
I-Superphosphate - izinzuzo nokusetshenziswa.
Funda futhi nezinto zethu ezinemininingwane: Umanyolo wezimbiwa ezidumile.
Izakhi ze-Superphosphate
Njengoba sesishilo, into esemqoka kulomanyolo yi phosphorus. Inani le-phosphorus ku-superphosphate lingahluka kakhulu futhi lisusela kumaphesenti angama-20 kuya kwangama-50. I-phosphorus itholakala kumanyolo njenge-phosphoric acid ne-monocalcium phosphate.
Inzuzo enkulu yalomanyolo ubukhona be-phosphorus oxide kuwo, okuyisakhi esimanzelana namanzi. Ngenxa yalokhu kuhlanganiswa, izitshalo ezitshaliwe zigcwalisa izinto ezizidingayo ngokushesha, ikakhulukazi uma kungeniswa umanyolo owedlule ohlakazekile emanzini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lo manyolo ungaqukatha: i-nitrogen, isibabule, i-gypsum ne-boron, kanye ne-molybdenum.
I-Superphosphate itholakala kuma-phosphorites ngokwemvelo, akhiwa ngokuguqula izilwane ezifile zomhlaba wethu zibe ngamaminerali amathambo. Izinto ezingaphansi zomthombo ojwayelekile, ngenxa yokuthi i-superphosphate itholakala kuphi, kungukungcola kusuka ekuncibilikeni kwensimbi (tomoscales).
I-phosphorus uqobo, njengoba uyazi, akuyona into ebanzi kakhulu, kepha izitshalo ezinenshayo zizokhula kabi futhi zinikeze izilimo ezincane, ngakho-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwe-superphosphate ukucebisa inhlabathi nge-phosphorus kanye nokunikeza izitshalo ngale nto kuyadingeka kakhulu.
Ngokwesidingo se-phosphorus yezitshalo
I-phosphorus ezitshalweni inomthelela ekugayweni kwamandla okugcwele, okuthi, futhi, kuthanda ukungena kwezitshalo ezisheshayo ngenkathi yezithelo. Ukuba khona kwalesi sici ngobuningi kuvumela izitshalo, ngenxa yesistimu yezimpande, ukumunca izinto ezahlukahlukene ze-micro and macro.
Kukholelwa ukuthi i-phosphorus ilawula ubukhona be-nitrogen, ngakho-ke, inomthelela ekuguquguqukeni kokulinganisa kwe-nitrate ezitshalweni. Lapho i-phosphorus ingatholakali kahle, amaqabunga ezitshalo ezahlukahlukene aba aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, okuvamisile ukuthi kube ophuzi ngokuhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma aluhlaza okotshani. Kwimifino, isikhungo sezimpande simbozwe amabala ansundu.
Imvamisa, ukushoda kwe-phosphorus kusayinwa yizithombo ezisanda kutshalwa, kanye nezithombo ezikhona esizeni. Kaningi, ushintsho kumbala wamaqabunga amaqabunga, okubonisa ukushoda kwe-phosphorus, lubonwa ezikhathini ezibandayo zonyaka, lapho ukusetshenziswa kwawo kusuka enhlabathini kunzima.
IPhosphorus ithuthukisa ukusebenza kohlelo lwezimpande, ivimbela izinguquko ezihlobene nobudala emasikweni ahlukahlukene, ivuselela izitshalo ukuthi zithele izithelo, ngenkathi futhi zinweba isikhathi sokukhiqiza, zithinta kahle ukunambitheka kwezithelo namajikijolo, kanye nemifino.
Funda izinto zethu ezinemininingwane ephelele: Umanyolo wePhosphate ngokuningiliziwe.
Amaqabunga katamatisi akhombisa ukuntuleka kwe-phosphorus.
Izinhlobo ze-Superphosphate
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zomanyolo. Umehluko omkhulu phakathi komanyolo owodwa nowokunye kusendleleni yokuthola lokhu noma leyo nhlanganisela. Okuthandwa kakhulu yi-superphosphate elula, i-granular superphosphate, i-superphosphate ephindwe kabili ne-ammonium superphosphate.
I-superphosphate elula i-grey powder. Kuhle ngoba akusiki lapho umswakama ungaphansi kwama-50%. Lo manyolo uqukethe kuze kufike ku-20% phosphorus, cishe i-9% nitrogen kanye nesibabule cishe i-9%, futhi uqukethe ne-calcium sulfate. Uma uhogela lo manyolo, unganuka iphunga le-asidi.
Uma siqhathanisa i-superphosphate elula ne-granular superphosphate noma i-superphosphate ephindwe kabili, khona-ke kuzoba (ngekhwalithi) endaweni yesithathu. Ngokuqondene nezindleko zalomanyolo, ziphansi, ngakho-ke zivame ukusetshenziswa kubantu abakhulu bomhlaba. Imvamisa, i-superphosphate elula ikhulisa ukuzala komquba, umanyolo oluhlaza, imvamisa ingeniswa emhlabathini ngesimo esincibilikisiwe.
Ukuthola i-granular superphosphate, i-superphosphate elula imanziswa kuqala ngamanzi, bese icindezelwa, bese kwenziwa amakhulukhulu kuyo. Kulesi Umanyolo, ingxenye ye-phosphorus ifinyelela kuhafu wesisindo somanyolo, kanti ingxenye ye-calcium sulfate iyingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu.
Ama-granules alungele ukusetshenziswa nokugcina. Ngenxa yokuthi ama-granules womabili emanzini nasenhlabathini ancibilika kancane, umphumela walomanyolo mude futhi kwesinye isikhathi ufinyelela izinyanga ezimbalwa. I-superphosphate esetshenziswa kakhulu i-granular on the sefeterous, beans, cereal kanye ne-bulb.
Kwi-superphosphate kunobuncane bokungcola okuphindwe kabili, iqukethe i-phosphorus eningi ne-calcium, kanye ne-nitrogen engaba ngu-20% kanye nesibabule esingu-5-7%.
I-superphosphate ye-Amoni ivame ukusetshenziselwa izilimo ezinamafutha futhi ezibethelwa ngesifo esibuthakathaka emhlabathini. Isibabule kulomanyolo cishe singama-13%, kepha ngaphezu kwengxenye kubalwa yi-calcium sulfate.
Izinhlobo zokuqala ze-superphosphate
Okuhle kunakho konke ukuthi izakhi zalo manyolo zidonswa izitshalo ezisezintabeni ze-alkaline noma ezingathathi hlangothi, kepha emhlabathini onezinga eliphakeme le-acidity, phosphorus ingabola ibe yi-phosphate yensimbi ne-aluminium phosphate, engadonswa izitshalo ezitshaliwe.
Kulokhu, umphumela we-superphosphate ungathuthukiswa ngokuwuxuba ngaphambi kokuwengeza edwaleni le-phosphate, i-limestone, chalk kanye ne-humus, ukuyisebenzisa emazweni anenhliziyo ethambile.
Funda imininingwane yethu enemininingwane: Umhlabathi Wenhlabathi - Unganquma kanjani futhi u-Deoxidize.
Granular Superphosphate.
Ungafaka kanjani umquba nge-superphosphate?
I-Superphosphate ingafakwa kumanyolo, ifakwe enhlabathini lapho yenza imibhede noma izimbobo, ifakwe enhlabathini ekwindla lapho isembiwa, isakazeka ebusweni bomhlabathi noma ngisho naseqhweni, noma ichithwe emanzini futhi isetshenziswe njengokugqoka okungaphezulu kwepholiar.
Imvamisa kakhulu i-superphosphate ingeniswa ngokuqondile esikhathini ekwindla, ngalesi sikhathi akunakwenzeka ukwengeza okweqile kwalomanyolo. Ngesikhathi sebusika, umanyolo uzongena efomini efinyeleleka ezitshalweni, kanti entwasahlobo, izitshalo ezitshaliwe zizothatha izinto eziningi enhlabathini njengoba zidinga.
Ngabe umanyolo udinga malini?
Imvamisa, ekwindla, kuhlanganiswa ama-45 g ngesikwele semitha ngayinye yenhlabathi ukuze kufakwe umgodi, entwasahlobo leli nani lingancishiswa libe ngama-40 g. Emhlabathini omubi kakhulu, inani lale manyolo lingaphindeka kabili.
Uma ungezwa ku-humus - 10 kg, engeza i-10 g ye-superphosphate. Lapho utshala amazambane noma izilimo zemifino endaweni ehlala njalo kuzithombo, kungakuhle ukuthi ungeze cishe isigamu sezipuni zalomanyolo emthonjeni ngamunye.
Lapho utshala izihlahlana, kungakuhle ukuthi ungeze ama-25 g womanyolo umgodi ngamunye wokutshala, nalapho utshala izihlahla zezithelo - 30 g waleli manyolo.
Indlela yokulungiswa kwekhambi
Umanyolo oncibilikisiwe emanzini uvame ukusetshenziswa entwasahlobo. Akuyona imfihlo ukuthi ngale ndlela izakhi zingena ezitshalweni ngokushesha okukhulu, kodwa-ke, kufanele wazi ukuthi lo manyolo awulungisi kahle emanzini abandayo nasezinzima. Ukuqeda i-superphosphate, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa amanzi athambileko, anamanzi wemvula anele. Umanyolo kumele uthele kuqala ngamanzi abilayo, ubekwe cishe esitsheni selitha, bese uthele umanyolo osuvele usunguliwe eningi lamanzi adingekayo.
Uma kungekho ukushesha, khona-ke umanyolo ungafakwa esitsheni esimnyama namanzi, uwubeke endaweni evulekile ngosuku olunelanga - emahoreni ambalwa umanyolo uzoncibilika.
Ukuze ungaqedi umanyolo ngaso sonke isikhathi, ungalungiselela ukugxila, okuzogalelwa kuwo umquba ongu-350 g ngamalitha amathathu amanzi abilayo. Kuhlala ikota yehora ukukhuthaza ukwakheka okuphumelelayo ukuze amagremu ancibilike ngokuphelele. Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa, lokhu kugxila kufanele kuhlanjululwe ngo-100 g wokugxilisa ngebhakede lamanzi. Lapho umanyolo inhlabathi entwasahlobo, kungakuhle ukuthi ungeze i-15 g ye-urea kulokhu kugxila, futhi ekwindla - 450 g yokhuni lomlotha.
Manje ake sikhulume ngokuthi iziphi izilimo nokuthi iyiphi indlela engcono yokusebenzisa i-superphosphate.
Superphosphate izithombo
Isonto ngemuva kokufakelwa kwezithombo, ungasebenzisa i-superphosphate elula, yona, ngesilinganiso sama-50 g nge-skwele sikwele ngalinye, kufanele isetshenziselwe inhlabathi eyakhululwa ngaphambili.
I-Superphosphate yezihlahla ezivuthiwe nezihlahla zingafakwa maphakathi nesizini.
I-Superphosphate yezitshalo zezithelo
Kuvame ukulethwa entwasahlobo, ngoba isithombo ngasinye bachitha isipuni salomanyolo. Kuvunyelwe ukusingenisa lapho utshala isithombo emigodini yokutshala, kuleyo naleyo oyidingayo kufanele uthele i-100 g yalomanyolo ohlanganiswe kahle nenhlabathi. Ngokuqaliswa kwenani elinjalo le-superphosphate lapho utshala izithombo phakathi nonyaka, ukufaka umquba nalomanyolo akunangqondo.
Cishe maphakathi nenkathi, ukwethulwa kwe-superphosphate ngaphansi kwezihlahla zabantu abadala kungaphindwa. Ngalesi sikhathi, u-80-90 g we-superphosphate ngesihlahla ngasinye kufanele ungezwe emgqonyeni osondelene nesiqu.
I-Superphosphate yamatamatisi
Kwamatamatisi, i-superphosphate kumele isetshenziswe kabili ngesizini, imvamisa okokuqala isetshenziswa lapho kutshalwa izithombo, bese okwesibili - ngesikhathi sokuqhuma kwamatamatisi. Lapho utshala, umanyolo ongu-15 g ubekwa emgodini, uyixuba nenhlabathi ngokucophelela. Esikhathini sokuphumula, lapho utamatisi uqhuma, udinga ukufaka umquba kumanyolo oxutshwe emanzini.
I-Superphosphate yamazambane
I-Superphosphate ivame ukungezwa emthonjeni lapho utshala amazambane. Kusetshenziswa umanyolo wokugaya, ukwethula amagremu ayi-10 emthonjeni ngamunye, uwaxuba nenhlabathi.
I-Superphosphate yamakhukhamba
I-Superphosphate ifakwa ngaphansi kukhukhamba kabili. Ukugqoka kokuqala okuphezulu kwenziwa ngesonto ngemuva kokutshalwa kwezithombo, ngalesi sikhathi kufakwa ama-50 g we-superphosphate ebhokisini lamanzi, lokhu kuyinto ejwayelekile ngesikwele somhlaba ngamunye. Okwesibili ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza kwezimbali, kufakwa ama-40 g we-superphosphate, nawo oncibilikisiwe ebhakedeni lamanzi, lokhu kuyinto evamile nangamamitha skwele enhlabathi.
Garlic Superphosphate
ISuperphosphate imvamisa ivundiswa inhlabathi ebekelwe ugarliki. Kwenze lokhu ngenyanga ngaphambi kokutshala ugalikhi, uhlanganisa ukugqoka okungaphezulu nokumba enhlabathini, usebenzise u-30 g we-superphosphate nge-1m2. Uma kunokushoda kwe-phosphorus (ngesitshalo), khona-ke kugalikhi ehlobo nakho kungavundiswa, okuyi-40 g ye-superphosphate okufanele kuxutshwe ebhakedeni lamanzi futhi lesi sixazululo kufanele sifafazwe ngoxhaxha lwegalikhi, silimanzisa kahle.
I-Superphosphate Grape
Ngokuvamile, i-superphosphate yengezwa kanye njalo eminyakeni emibili kuleli siko. Ekuphakameni kwesizini, banezela i-50 g ye-superphosphate, efakwe enhlabathini enomswakama ekujuleni kwama-30 cm.
I-Superphosphate ngaphansi kwengadi ye-sitrobheli
Ngaphansi kwama-sitrobheli, i-superphosphate yensimu yethulwa lapho kudluliswa izithombo. Inani le-superphosphate lomthombo ngamunye yi-g 10. Ungangeza i-superphosphate kwifomu encibilikile, okuyi-30 g yomanyolo ichithwe ebhakedeni lamanzi, okujwayelekile emthonjeni ngamunye yi-250 ml yesisombululo.
Super Raspberry Phosphate
I-Superphosphate yama-raspberries yenziwa ekwindla - ekuqaleni noma maphakathi noSepthemba. Inani le-superphosphate lingama-50 g nge-skwele ngalinye. Ukuze ukwenze, yenza ukuhanjiswa okuncane, i-15 cm ubuyela emuva ukusuka enkabeni yesihlahla esingu-30 cm.
Zibuye zivundise inhlabathi ngokubeka umanyolo emiseleni ngesikhathi sokutshala izithombo ze-raspberry. Emgodini ngamunye udinga ukwenza ama-70 g we-superphosphate, uyixube kahle nenhlabathi.
I-Superphosphate yesihlahla sama-apula
Ngaphansi kwesihlahla sama-apula, le manyolo isetshenziswa kangcono ekwindla kwenani lama-35 g ngesentimitha ngasinye sombuthano weziqu emhlabathini okhululwe ngaphambili nowamanzi amaningi. Esihlahleni ngasinye samaapula, kusetshenziswa isilinganiso esingu-3 kuya ku-5 kg we-superphosphate.
Isiphetho Ungabona ukuthi i-superphosphate ngumanyolo odumile, usiza ukucebisa inhlabathi nge phosphorus nezinye izinto eziqukethwe kulomanyolo. Umanyolo awubizi, futhi ngenxa yesenzo esisekude, umphumela wokusetshenziswa kwawo uhlala iminyaka.
