Amakhukhamba amasha, aqotshwe futhi aqokiwe angumkhiqizo obalulekile wokudla kwethu. Kusukela ekuseni kuze kuhlwe, kukhulunywa ngomgede “omnandi” omusha (kusuka engadini) kusuka ku-dacha, futhi kubonakala sengathi akukho lutho olungelona. Ukhukhamba yisitshalo esivame kakhulu engadini yezitshalo, okuthi, ngokuya ngesimo sezulu kanye nesimo sezulu, sikhulele emhlabathini ovulekile, izindlu zokugcina izithombo, izindlu zokugcina izithombo, ngaphansi kwezindawo zokukhosela zesikhashana. Kodwa ubuchwepheshe, empeleni, buhlala bufana. Ukuthola isivuno esihle samakhukhamba ezigabeni zokuqala ezifundeni ezine-entwasahlobo ebandayo ende, kungcono ukukhulisa isivuno ngezithombo. Ungakwenza lokhu ngezindlela ezihlukile: ngaphakathi noma ngaphandle kwenhlabathi, ezitsheni ezihlukile noma eziqukweni, amakhasethi akhethekile, ezindlini zokugcina izithombo, efasiteleni lasekhishini, ngaphansi kwezindawo zokukhosela zesikhashana emibhedeni efudumele. Into esemqoka ukukhulisa izithombo ezinempilo.
Izithombo zamakhukhamba.
Ukulungiswa kwenhlabathi namathangi okutshala
Amandla wokuhlwanyela imbewu yamakhukhamba
Umsebenzi wokulungiselela uqala emasontweni ayi-3-5 ngokulungiswa kweziqukathi zezithombo. Uhlelo lwezimpande lwamakhukhamba alubekezeleli ukuphazanyiswa kwangaphandle. Ngakho-ke, kulinywe ekhaya, imbewu yokuhlwanyelwa yenziwa kahle kakhulu ezimbizeni noma ezinkomeni ezihlukile ezivela kwimikhiqizo yobisi olunoshukela.
Kulezi ziqukathi, izithombo zamakhukhamba empeleni azinazo izimpande zokubola. Uma izitsha zisetshenziswa kaninginingi, futhi izithombo zidluliselwa, khona-ke kuyadingeka ukhipha yonke imithako ngesixazululo se-potanganum permanganate esingu-1-2%.
Ukulungiswa kwenhlabathi
Njengamanye amasiko, izithombo zamakhukhamba zidinga ukukhanya lapho zihlanganiswa, kepha ukuxubeka kwenhlabathi okunamanzi, amanzi- nokuphefumula, kugcwele umanyolo we-organic and mineral. Isikhathi sokukhula kwamakhukhamba, ngokuya ngezinhlobo nohlobo lokuvuthwa (ekuqaleni, maphakathi, sekwephuzile), kusuka ezinsukwini ezingama-25 kuye kwezingama-30. Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukungondli izithombo ngesikhathi sokukhula nokukhula, bese uhlwanyela imbewu ngokushesha ngengxube yenhlabathi eyenziwe kahle.
Wabasaqalayo bavame ukuthenga inhlabathi eyenziwe nge-disinfected futhi lokhu kunciphisa isikhathi esichithwa emsebenzini wokulungiselela. Abathandi be-tinkering benza ingxube yenhlabathi ngokwabo. Ingxube yenhlabathi eyenzelwe konke, ihlanganisa izithako ezi-3-4:
- umhlaba noma i-turf ezweni (hhayi kusuka ku-conifers),
- umquba ovuthiwe noma i-biohumus esele ilungile,
- Peat ihhashi
- isihlabathi.
Zonke izingxenye zixutshwe ngokufanele ngokwesilinganiso se-1: 2: 1: 1. Uma kungekho-peat, ungalungiselela ingxube yezithako ezi-3. Abalimi abanolwazi balungiselela eyabo, ihlolwe isikhathi, ingxube yenhlabathi futhi baqiniseke ukuthi bayayihlola i-acidity (pH = 6.6-6.8). Ukwazi ukuthi ingxube engakanani kanye nezinto ezisetshenziswayo okufanele zilungiselelwe, thatha izitshalo ezi-3 nge-1 sq. M njengesisekelo sokubalwa. m isikwele.
Izithombo zamakhukhamba zingatshalwa ezibhebheni ze-peat ezibekwe ezitsheni zepulasitiki ezinephasi elitshaliwe. Ithebhulethi enobukhulu obungu-5-8 mm ifakwa emgqonyeni wepulasitiki, iniselwe, ilinde ukuvuvukala kwayo bese itshala imbewu. Silungele ukutshala izithombo zamakhukhamba, sigobele phansi okunciphile, siphume ethangini futhi sitshalwe emhlabathini.
Ikhukhamba izithombo.
Ukubulala magciwane inhlabathi yezithombo zamakhukhamba
Umhlabathi othengwe owenziwe ngomumo uyaqhubeka uthengise ngamagciwane, kepha (uma kwenzeka) kuvezwa isithwathwa sokuqandiswa okwengeziwe. Ingxube yenhlabathi ethengiwe ayihlanganisiwe ngokwengeziwe, kepha ungabheka kumthengisi izinga lokulungela kwayo ukusetshenziswa.
Naka impahla yethu eningiliziwe: Ungayilungisa kanjani inhlabathi yezithombo?
Ingxube esezilungiselelwe ezifundeni ezisenyakatho kusukela ekwindla noma emavikini angama-2-2 ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela imbewu kufanele ibulawe amagciwane ngokubanda kweqhwa noma, ezindaweni ezifudumele nezineqhwa, ngokubamba / ukubala, nangezinye izindlela.
Ngemuva kokubulala amagciwane, umanyolo wamaminerali kanye nezinto ezihlanganisiwe zengezwa engxenyeni yenhlabathi yokuzilungiselela, okufaka isandla ekwakhekeni okusheshayo kohlelo lwezimpande, ukucindezelwa kwezifo zokukhunta kanye namagciwane (okungenzeka kungabhujiswa ngokuphelele ngesikhathi sokungabulawa magciwane).
Khumbula! Imbangela evame kakhulu yokufa kokuqala kwezithombo nezinhlanyelo ezincane ukugula okuvela enhlabathini nokutheleleka kwamagciwane okubangela ukubola kwezimpande.
Ukusuka kumanyolo, i-200 g yomlotha (ingilazi), umanyolo ongu-40-50 g we-phosphorus fertilizer kanye ne-30-35 g we-potassium sulfate inezelwa ingxube yenhlabathi kuwo wonke ama-10 kg. Esikhundleni salokho, ungangezela ama-80-90 g we-kemira noma i-nitrophoski.
Ingxube yomhlabathi omisiwe ingalashwa nge-biofungicides: i-trichodermin, i-phytosporin engxube yethangi ne-bioinsecticides: i-actophyte ne-phytoerm. Ungaphatha ingxube yenhlabathi ngesonto ngaphambi kokugcwalisa izithombo ngesixazululo esisebenzayo seBaikal EM-1, Ekomik Yield noma ukulungiswa okuomile i-Emochki-Bokashi. Nyakazisa inhlabathi. Endaweni efudumele nenomswakama, ama-microorganisms asebenzayo anda ngokushesha bese ekugcineni abhubhisa i-microflora ye-pathogenic.
Ukulungiselela imbewu yamakhukhamba yokutshala
Kusebenza kakhudlwana kubaqalayo ekutshaleni izithombo zokuthenga imbewu esetshenzisiwe eyenziwe ngembewu. Usevele elungele ukuhlwanyelwa. Akudingi ukucubungula okwengeziwe, ngaphandle kokuthi ukuhluma (uma kuhlinzekiwe). Uyacelwa uqaphele: imininingwane elandelayo kumele ikhonjiswe kwiphakheji yembewu yamakhukhamba:
- igama lezinhlobonhlobo noma i-hybrid,
- isifunda, isifunda
- indlela ekhulayo (yendawo evulekile, izindlu zokugcina izithombo),
- usuku lokuzalela,
- isikhathi sokufika esiseduze sendawo yaphakade,
- izinsuku zokuvuthwa (ekuqaleni, phakathi, sekwephuzile, njll.),
- inhloso yesilimo (isaladi, usawoti, ezinye izinhlobo zokuvunelwa ubusika).
Musa ukuthenga imbewu kubathengisi abangahleliwe. Ungakhohliswa.
Naka impahla yethu: Yiziphi izinhlobo zamakhukhamba okufanele uzikhethe?
Ikhukhamba yisithombo.
Ukulungiswa Kwembewu Yekhukhamba
Imbewu eqoqwe yamakhukhamba kumele ilinganiswe bese ibulawa magciwane. Ukuze izithombo zinobungane, udinga ukuhlwanyela imbewu yesimo esifanayo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, linganisa.
Isipuni se-dessert ngaphandle kwe usawoti singezwa engilazini yamanzi. Imbewu yamakhukhamba ithululelwa kwisisombululo esilungiselelwe futhi ivuswe. Kungakapheli nemizuzu embalwa, kuzovela, imbewu engasindi yamakhukhamba, bese imbewu esindayo isingena phansi. Imbewu ekhanyayo ihlukaniswe. Isixazululo se-saline sikhishwa nge-strainer futhi imbewu esele ezansi kwengilazi igezwa kahle ngaphansi kwamanzi agobhozayo bese yomiswa kancane lapho kufudumele egumbini.
Ukhukhamba wembewu ukhukhamba
Indlela elula yokuhlanza ukhula imbewu yamakhukhamba ekhaya ukugcobhoza imbewu embozwe nge-gauze imizuzu engu-15 kuya kwengu-1% yesisombululo se-potanganum permanganate.
Ukugcoba okungasasebenzi kuthinta kabi ukuhluma kwezimbewu. Musa overdo it!
Ngemuva kokubulala amagciwane, kuyadingeka futhi ukuthi uhlambe imbewu ngaphansi kwamanzi agobhozayo bese uyomisa endaweni yokushisa yasendlini epanini elingavuthwanga (hhayi kwifilimu) elithatha umswakama kahle.
Ukubulala magciwane ngempumelelo imbewu ye ikhukhamba kusisombululo somunye wemikhiqizo yemvelo - i-alirina-B, i-phytosporin-M, igamair-SP. Ukulungiswa kwekhambi lokulinganisa kulungiselelwe ngokuya ngemiyalo efanele. Ngemuva kokubulala amagciwane ngemikhiqizo yezinto eziphilayo, akudingekile ukuthi uhlambe imbewu. Bahlakazeka ngokushesha ukuze bomiswe ngethanga. Imbewu zihlala zomiswa ukuze zigeleze, kepha ngamazinga okushisa asekamelweni.
Ukuhlwanyela imbewu yamakhukhamba ngezithombo
Ukuhlwanyela ezitsheni
Ngemuva kwawo wonke umsebenzi wokulungiselela, ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela imbewu yamakhukhamba, bagcwalisa u-2/3 wokuphakama kwesitsha ngenhlabathi elungiselelwe, bebeka amanzi ngaphansi, babeke iziqukathile epulanini bese bayinisela. Vumela amanzi amaningi ukuba ageze ngemigodi yokudonsa. Shiya isikhashana izitsha zokuvuthwa kwenhlanganisela yenhlabathi (kufanele kube umswakama, uqhume, hhayi unamathele).
Phakathi nesitsha esilungiselelwe, ngqo emhlabathini noma ekujuleni kwe-0.5-1.0 cm, faka imbewu engu-2 yamakhukhamba. Ngemuva kokuhluma kwezithombo kushiya eyodwa, ithuthukiswe kangcono. Imbewu yesibili isuswa ngokuncipha ezingeni lomhlabathi. Imbewu ingahle yomile noma ihlume. Fafaza imbewu yamakhukhamba ku-1.0-1,5 cm ngesihlabathi noma ngenhlabathi eyomile. Ihlanganiswe kancane. Moisturize ufulawa ngebhodlela lokufafaza bese umboza ngefilimu ukulingisa izimo zokugcina ukushisa.
Imicu enezinhlamvu ezihlwanyelwe ukhukhamba zibekwa endaweni efudumele. Ukushisa komoya ngaphambi kokuhluma kugcinwa ku + 26 ... + 28 ° C. Ngaphambi kwezithombo zamakhukhamba, ingxube yenhlabathi ayinkcenkceshelwa, kodwa ifafazwe kuphela kwibhodlela lokufafazwa ngamanzi afudumele. Khulisa ifilimu nsuku zonke (lapho ifafazwa) ukuze kungene umoya omncane.
Tshala nini ukhukhamba wezithombo?
Izinsuku zokuhlwanyela imbewu yamakhukhamba zezithombo zezifunda ezihlukile zingatholwa ezintweni zethu "Izinsuku zokutshala izilimo zemifino zezithombo zezifunda ezihlukile".
Izithombo zamakhukhamba.
Nakekela izithombo zamakhukhamba
Izithombo zamakhukhamba zivele ngosuku lwe-3-5, kuye ngokuthi kulungiselelwe imbewu (eyomile noma ehlumile) kanye nasezimeni zokutshala. Lapho kuvela amahlumela amaningi wamakhukhamba, ifilimu iyasuswa, bese amaphakethe enezithombo abekwe endaweni enokhanyayo. Ukuntuleka kokukhanyisa kungadala ukunwebeka okuvela emaceleni kwezithombo kukhanyise kangcono.
Izimo zokushisa zezithombo zezikhukhamba
Imbewu yamakhukhamba imila kumazinga okushisa afinyelela ku + 26 ... + 28 ° С. Lapho nje kuphela amaqabunga e-cotyledonous ekhukhamba evulekile, izinga lokushisa lomoya lehliswa ngu- + 5 ... + 7 ° С futhi emasontweni amabili okuqala ligcinwa ku + 18 ... + 22 ° С phakathi nosuku nasebusuku + 15 ... + 17 ° С. Ukushisa kwenhlabathi okuphezulu ngalesi sikhathi ngu- + 18 ... + 20 ° С.
Kusukela emavikini amabili eminyaka ubudala, izithombo zamakhukhamba ziqala ukujwayela izinguquko zokushisa ngesikhathi sasemini nasebusuku. Ngomswakama ophezulu, igumbi lingena ngaphakathi ngaphandle kokusalungiswa kanye nokwehla okuqinile kokushisa. Izinsuku ezingama-5-7 ngaphambi kokutshalwa kwezithombo zamakhukhamba endaweni ehlala njalo, ziqala ukuzenza lukhuni, zijwayele izimo zokuphila ezinzima.
Imodi yokukhanya
Ukhukhamba izitshalo zezinsuku ezimfushane. Izinhlobo zezitshalo okwamanje ezifuya futhi zoned ezingathathi hlangothi maqondana namahora okukhanya kwemini, kodwa ziyaqhubeka zifuna ukukhanya kokukhanya. Ngokukhanya okunganele, usuku olude olunamafu, ukhukhamba kukhishwa, kuthathe izakhi zomzimba kabi, bese ziqala ukugula. Ngakho-ke, ekuhlwanyeleni kokuqala, basebenzisa ukukhanya okwengeziwe ngama-phytolamp, amalambu we-fluorescent, namanye amadivayisi wokukhanya, angathengwa ezitolo ezikhethekile.
Njengoba izithombo zamakhukhamba zikhula, iziqukathi zihanjiswa ngokuhlukana ukuze zingaminyisi izitshalo. Ngokuhleleka okuhle, amaqabunga ezitshalo eziseduze akufanele athintane.
Izithombo zamakhukhamba.
Ukunisela izithombo zamakhukhamba
Ukuchelela kusho izimo ezintathu eziphambili zokukhulisa izithombo ezinempilo zamakhukhamba (ukukhanyisa, izinga lokushisa, ukuthambisa).
Siqala ngokunisela izithombo yamakhukhamba ezinsukwini ezi-5 ngemuva kokuhluma. Ukunisela nokufafaza kwenziwa kuphela ngamanzi afudumele (+ 24 ... + 25 ° C). Ngaphambi kwalokhu, kwakufafazwa kuphela (kube kuhle kakhulu) izikhathi ezi-2 ngamahora wemini. Uma kunesidingo, unganisela kusuka phezulu eceleni komphetho wesitsha ngomfudlana omncane ngaphandle kokuthinta amaqabunga. Kepha kungcono ukunisela ngepani.
Ngemuva kokunisela ngakunye, inhlabathi kumele ihlanganiswe nesihlabathi esomile noma inhlanganisela yenhlabathi ecolekile enamanzi. Umswakama onamandla ubangela ukubola kohlelo lwempande lwamakhukhamba ngenxa yokukhula kwezikhunta. I-Mold mycorrhiza imboza inhlabathi futhi ingene sonke isitshalo esisha, okubangela ukufa kwesisindo kwezithombo nezinye izithombo zabantu abadala.
Idlula izithombo zamakhukhamba
Uma ingxube yenhlabathi ilungiswe kahle futhi igcwaliswe ngokwanele ngamanyolo, ungakwenza ngaphandle kokufaka umanyolo. Isikhathi sokukhula kwezithombo zamakhukhamba sifushane kakhulu - izinsuku ezingama-25-30, akanaso isikhathi sokuzwa isidingo sazo.
Uma amaqabunga ezithombo zezithelo zamakhukhamba eshintshe umbala, ayeka ukukhula, amiswa, singacabanga, ngaphansi kwezinye izimo ezifanele (izinga lokushisa, ukukhanyisa, umswakama komoya nenhlabathi, ukuntuleka kwezifo), ukuthi izitshalo zidinga ukondliwa.
Abalimi abanolwazi, bafaka inhlabathi nesihlabathi ngemuva kokunisela, uyixube nomlotha, futhi kudlala indima yokugqoka ephezulu. Uma kunesidingo, izithombo zamakhukhamba zidliwa emhlabathini oswakeme ngesisombululo se-kemira, isixazululo somlotha, ingxube yezinto ezilandelwayo (ngokuba khona kwe-boron). Ukuthola ngokunembile ukuthi iziphi izakhamzimba ezishoda ezitshalweni, ungabheka izinkomba zokubulawa yindlala okuvela ezithombeni kumakhathalogi bese ulungisa ingxube yazo noma uthenge esezenziwe ngomumo.
Umsoco we-Micronutrient ungenziwa ngokufafaza amaqabunga ezithombo. Qikelela lapho ulungiselela izixazululo zezakhi. Kufanele zigxiliswe kancane, zixutshwe. Ukuqina okwandisiwe kungashisa izitshalo. Ngemuva kokugqoka phezulu kwenhlabathi, kubalulekile ukuthi uchithe inhlabathi ngamanzi ahlanzekile nange-mulch.
Ikhukhamba likhule ngokusebenzisa izithombo.
Ukutshala izithombo zamakhukhamba emhlabathini
Isithombo sezinsuku ezingama-25-30 ubudala sokuhluma kwamakhukhamba, esilungele ukutshala, kufanele sibe namaqabunga akhule ngo-3-5, kungahle kube ne-antenna (ama), ihlumela (ama). Izimbiza ze-Peat ezinezitshalo zitshalwa ngo-30 kuya ku-40 cm kuya ekujuleni kwesitsha ukuze onqenqemeni lufinyelele ngaphezulu kwenhlabathi yomhlabathi cishe ngo-0,5-1.0 cm. Ngemuva kokutshala, izithombo zamakhukhamba ziniselwa ngamanzi afudumele.
Lapho utshala izithombo zamakhukhamba nge-transshipment, phansi enqunyiwe ngesikhathi sokuhlwanyelwa igobile, ibhola lempande nesitshalo liyakhishwa bese ngokushesha litshalwe emgodini onamanzi amaningi. Lapho unisela imithombo, ungangeza izimpande, i-planriz, kwikhambi elivela kumanyolo - “umsubathi” noma “kemir”.
Ngabe ukhula ukhukhamba ngokusebenzisa izithombo noma ngokushesha uhlwanyela imbewu emhlabathini? Yabelana ngesipiliyoni sakho ekukhuleni izithombo zamakhukhamba kumazwana ashiwo kusihloko.
