Kuhle ukuhlala eduze kwesitofu saseRussia bese ubheka ilangabi elivuthayo. Izilimi zomlilo zihlanganisa ukujikijela ama-irons amnyama bese zifaka izinkuni kancane kancane, zishiya izingqimba zomlotha oshisayo. Ngaphambi kokuqala okusha, umlotha opholile uqoqwe ngothuli bese uphonswa ezindlini ezingemuva. Ngesinye isikhathi, umnini wendawo oshisekayo usakaza umlotha ekwindla emibhedeni nangaphansi kokutshala, kanti nokho ubukhulu bawo bukhulu kakhulu. Sizothola ukuthi kusetshenziswa kuphi okunye umlotha, ukuthi hlobo luni lomlotha nokuthi yiziphi izinto eziqukethe.
Izinhlobo zomlotha nokwakheka kwamakhemikhali
Ungashisa yonke into evuthayo, bese ngasikhathi sinye uthole umlotha. Kepha akuwona wonke umlotha ozoba wusizo. Ngakho-ke, imvamisa yezinhlobo zayo ezi-3 ziyabukwa:
- ukhuni;
- imifino;
- amalahle.
Umlotha otholwe ekushisweni kwezinkuni, izinsalela zezitshalo (iziqu ezomisiwe zezitshalo ezahlukahlukene) namalahle (itshe kanye nsundu), kuphawulwa ngokuqukethwe kwezinto zokulandela umkhondo. Umehluko wethulwa ngokucacile kumatafula:
Njengoba kungabonakala ematafuleni, isisekelo somlotha yizinto zamakhemikhali ezi-3 - i-potassium, phosphorus ne-calcium. Ukwakheka komlotha kunquma ubukhulu bokusetshenziswa kwawo.
Izicelo ze-Wood ash
Kakhulu esetshenziswa kakhulu ngokhuni lomlotha, njengomphathi wokurekhoda okuqukethwe ngamaminerali awusizo. Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kogodo lwezinkuni kuvumela ukusetshenziswa kwalo kule mikhakha elandelayo:
- ezolimo;
- imboni yamakhemikhali;
- iziza zasekhaya.
Indawo ebaluleke kakhulu yomlotha - i-pH ephezulu - inquma ukusetshenziswa kwayo njenge-antiseptic yemvelo njengendlela yokunciphisa i-acidity yenhlabathi. Cishe zonke izindawo zokusebenzisa izinkuni zomlotha zisuselwa kulezi zinto ezimbili.
I-Ash ngumanyolo wokuqala owaziwa ngabantu abavela ngenkathi ye-Neolithic. Ukulima okusabisayo nokushiswa kwakususelwa esenzweni sawo, lapho ihlathi selishisiwe, bese kuthi le ndawo ilinywe bese kutshalwa izitshalo ezitshaliwe.
Ungayisebenzisa kanjani umlotha njengomanyolo kwezolimo nasengadini
I-Wood ash ingumanyolo omuhle wenhlabathi ene-asidi futhi engathathi hlangothi. Ngaphezu kwe-potassium ne-phosphorus, iqukethe i-calcium, i-zinc, isibabule, i-magnesium nensimbi ngendlela yokugaya izitshalo kalula. Ngasikhathi sinye, ngokungafani namanyolo wamakhemikhali, umlotha awunayo i-chlorine, ngakho-ke, izitshalo ezinjengamazambane, ama-currant, ama-sitrobheli, ama-raspberries zivundiswa nawo.
Lesi sipho semvelo sizovikela zonke izinhlobo zeklabishi kusuka ku-keel kanye nomlenze omnyama. Kuyasiza ukuyenzela amakhukhamba, i-zucchini, ithanga kanye no-squash. Lapho utshala izithombo emgodini yenza izipuni eziyi-1-2. Lapho ekwindla ukumba imibhede 1 sikwele. m ehlakazekile ngengilazi eyodwa.
Izitshalo ezi-solanaceous nazo ziyasabela kumanyolo ngomlotha wokhuni. Kwamatamatisi, amazambane, upelepele wensimbi ne-isitshalo seqanda, yenza izipuni ezi-3 noma izinkomishi ezi-3 ngemitha ngayinye yemibhede.
Ukusetshenziswa okuphoqayo komlotha engadini. Kungezwe emigodini yokufika futhi njalo emva kweminyaka engama-3-4 isakazeke kwimibuthano yesiqu ngaphansi kwama-cherries, amaplamu, ama-currants amnyama. Lokhu kwenziwa ngokulandelayo: azungeze umngcele womqhele, gaya i-groove uhhafu wesikhala esijulile, uthele umlotha noma uthele isixazululo somlotha bese usilinganisa nge-rake. Cishe u-2 kg womanyolo usetshenziselwa umuthi omdala. Umanyolo womlotha we-Liquid utholakala ngokufaka izingilazi ezimbili zomlotha kumalitha ayi-10 amanzi. Isixazululo sihlanganiswa, sifakwa futhi sithululelwa eziseleni. Ngaphansi kwamakhukhamba, iklabishi, utamatisi enza uhhafu welitha ngaphansi kwesitshalo. Izinsalela ezingenakudonswa zisatshalaliswa kwindilinga eseduze noma kusihlwa noma ziphonswe kuhlanganisela.
Kwinhlabathi enobumba obukhulu kanye ne-acidified, i-ash isetshenziswa kabili ngonyaka - entwasahlobo nasekwindla, kumthamo wesihlabathi okhanyayo - kuphela entwasahlobo.
Lapho wenza umlotha, ibhalansi ye-acid-base yenhlabathi kufanele icatshangelwe. I-pH7 ibhekwa njengesibonakaliso esejwayelekile, isibalo esiphansi sibonisa i-acidic, kanti ephezulu sikhombisa i-alkali.
I-acidity yenhlabathi ilinganiswa ngokuhlolwa kwe-litmus, ukuyiphonsa ekukhipheni okumanzi kwengxube yenhlabathi. Ngemuva kwalokho umbala ophumayo uqhathaniswa nesikali sombala. Kufanele wazi ukuthi enhlabathini enezithelo ezinamandla kakhulu noma eziphikisanayo ze-alkali, izinto eziyinhloko zamaminerali azikwazi ukufinyeleleka ezitshalweni. Ngakho-ke, izilimo zizokhula kabi ngisho nomanyolo owedlulele. Okokuqala kudingeka ubuyise amanani we-acidity abuyele kokujwayelekile, bese wenza noma imuphi umanyolo. Umlotha owethulwe emhlabathini wenza kancane iminyaka eminingana, ngakho-ke udinga ukukala ukusebenza kwenhlabathi njalo futhi uguqule amanani okufaka isicelo.
Ungabhekana kanjani nezilokazane futhi utshale izifo ngomlotha
I-Wood ash ayisebenzi hhayi njengomanyolo kuphela. Isixazululo se-Ash nesepha siyithuluzi eshibhile kakhulu, elisebenzayo neliphephe ngokuphelele lokulawula izinambuzane zasengadini. Ilungiselelwe kanjena:
- I-300 g yomlotha ohlanjululwe uthululwa ngamanzi abilayo futhi abilisiwe isigamu sehora;
- Hlunga bese uthelela ebhakedeni lamanzi;
- I-50 g yensipho yokuwasha ifakiwe ukuze inamathelwe kangcono.
Ukufafaza kwenziwa kusihlwa, esimweni sezulu esomile, ukuzama ukuthola izinhlangothi zombili zamaqabunga. Ithuluzi liyasebenza ngokulwa nazo zonke izinambuzane ezincelayo - ama-aphid, amazeze, imikhaza nabanye.
Ukucubungula ngesisombululo se-ash-insipho akuzilimazi izitshalo nezinambuzane ezindizayo, ngakho-ke kungenziwa kaningi. Uma uthuli lwefodya lungeziwe kuleli khambi, ukumnika kuzosiza ukwethusa ibhungane lamazambane leColorado nezibungu zalo ngokutshala amazambane.
Ngenhlanganisela yomlotha ohlafunwe nothuli lwefodya, otshala u-anyanisi ovela ku-anyanisi fly, iklabishi kusuka kugqiza olubethelwe lubunjiwe.
Ukufakwa kwe-ash ash lokhuni kuvikela ama-blackcurrants nama-gooseberry kusuka kwizibungu ze-sawfly, ognevki, aphid kanye ne-powdery hlobo. Ukulungiselela, ikhaveni elitha isigamu lomlotha lithululelwa ebhakedeni lamanzi ashisayo futhi kugcizelelwe izinsuku ezimbili.
Ukuvikela iklabishi kusuka kuzinwele, ama-sitrobheli kuma-slugs, ukusula imibhede ngomlotha owomile kuyasiza.
Ungafaka kanjani umquba wezitshalo zasendlini ngomlotha
I-Ash ngumanyolo omuhle kakhulu wezitshalo zasendlini. Ngesikhathi sokufakelwa kwentwasahlobo, kufakwa emhlabathini ngenani lezipuni ezi-2 ngokuhlangana okukodwa kwekhilogremu. IGeranium, cyclamen, fuchsia zisabela kahle kwizithasiselo ezinjalo.
Ama-infusions e-Ash ayasebenza ezitshalweni ezinkulu ezingatyalwanga minyaka yonke. I-infusion ilungiswa ngale ndlela elandelayo: izipuni ezi-3 zomlotha ohlanjiwe zixutshwe 1 ilitha lamanzi bese zigcotshwa isonto lonke, zivuse ngezikhathi ezithile. Ukondla izimbali zasendlini sebenzisa imali engafika ku-100 ml ebhodweni elinomthamo we-1 litre.
Lapho izimbali zingama-thrips noma ama-midges, uthuli lomhlabathi luyasebenza. Ngaso leso sikhathi, sinciphise ukuchelela futhi usebenzise izicupho ze-glue. Le setha yezinyathelo isiza ngokushesha futhi ngokuphepha ukuqeda izinambuzane.
Ash ekudleni kwamakati
Abathandi abaningi bekati, befunda ukwakhiwa kokudla kwezilwane ezifuywayo, bazibuza - kungani kuqukethe umlotha? Iqiniso ngukuthi izakhi zamaminerali ezikulo ziyadingeka ngokulinganayo ezitshalweni nasezilwaneni. Ngakho-ke, umlotha ekudleni kwekati kukuvumela ukuba uvuselele izinto zabo. Izinto zokulandela ziyadingeka ekukhuleni okujwayelekile koboya, ziqinise amathambo namazinyo, zibandakanyeka ekugayweni nasekugayweni komzimba. Uma isilwane sakho sizama njalo ukuhlafuna izinto ezingangeneki, siphathe ngokudla okuqukethe umlotha. Ngokuqapha, udinga ukunikeza ukudla okunjalo kumakati ane-urolithiasis. Ezilwane ezigulayo, ukudla okufanele okusekelwe kwimikhiqizo yemvelo kufanele kukhethwe.
Ungayisebenzisa kanjani umlotha empilweni yansuku zonke
I-Ash yanoma yiluphi uhlobo iyasebenza uma isetshenziswa ezindlini zangasese zakwamanye amazwe. Ukucindezela ama-pathogen futhi uchithe iphunga, kufakwa kokuqukethwe. Kamuva, umlotha ohlanganiswa ne-fecal udaba ubola ngokushesha kwezinqwaba zomquba ngaphandle kokuzichumisa.
Ngosizo lomlotha ne-peat kulula ukwenza indlu yangasese eyenziwe ekhaya. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ngemuva kokusebenzisa insiza, okuqukethwe kumbozwe ngengxenye yale antiseptics yemvelo.
Kusetshenziswa kuphi umlotha wamalahle?
Umlotha wamalahle utholwa ngamalahle avuthayo ansundu noma a-bituminous. Ekubunjweni kwayo, yehlukile ngokhuni. Imikhiqizo yokupheka kwamalahle iqukethe inani elincane lezakhamzimba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zinto emlotheni wamalahle zikhona kwifomu okunzima ukuyifinyelela izitshalo - ngendlela yamasilika. Ngakho-ke, umlotha wamalahle awusetshenziswa neze njengomanyolo. Kepha namanje kusangeniswa emhlabathini. Umlotha wamalahle uqukethe inani elikhulu le-silicon oxides, ngakho-ke, isetshenziselwa ukukhipha nokukhulula inhlabathi enobumba olumanzi. Lesi silinganiso sithuthukisa ukwakheka kwenhlabathi, sandisa ukuphefumula kwaso.
Akunconyelwe ukusebenzisa umanyolo wamalahle enhlabathini enesihlabathi ne-acidic, ngoba okuqukethwe kwayo kwesibabule kakhulu kunomthelela ekwandisweni kwe-acid enkulu.
Imikhiqizo yokuhlanganiswa kwamalahle kumele ihlanganiswe nezinhlobo zomanyolo ze-ammonia, ezi-organic ne-calcium.
Umlotha wamalahle unconywa ukuthi usetshenziselwe izilimo ezisebenzisa isibabule ngentshiseko. Lokhu kufaka iklabishi kanye no-anyanisi wazo zonke izinhlobo, lwesinaphi, sikagalikhi, emidumba, isithombo, i-horseradish, rutabaga.
Umlotha wamalahle onsundu, ngokungafani nomlotha wamalahle, ucebile ngezinto ezilandelwayo futhi awukhuphi i-acidity yenhlabathi. Isetshenziselwa ukugcwala inhlabathi ngezinto ezingafuneki zokulandela umkhondo ezifana ne-boron, manganese, zinc, zethusi, molybdenum. Basiza ukukhulisa isivuno. Isigaxa samalahle ansundu siqukethe inani elincane le-glumic acid futhi siyinto eluhlaza yokwenziwa kwama-glumates - izinto ezinomsebenzi ophakeme womzimba. Ubukhazikhazi bandisa amandla omhlaba we-agrochemical futhi bunqande ukuvuthwa kwezinto eziwusizo.
Imikhiqizo yokuhlanza amalahle ansundu isetshenziswa lapho kulungiswa ingxube yobumba yamatamatisi namakhukhamba.
Gcina noma yiluphi uhlobo lomlotha esitsheni esivaliwe ngokuqinile emakamelweni owomile. Uma umswakama ungena, inzuzo yawo incipha kakhulu.
Ngokuya ngezindlela nemibandela yokwenziwa komlotha, ikhulisa kakhulu impahla yomhlaba we-agrochemical, isiza ekuxazululeni izinkinga zansuku zonke futhi ihlale inemvelo yemvelo ephephile ngokuphelele.
