Kukholelwa kakhulu ukuthi i-nephrolepis idlala indima yohlobo lokuphila "kwesihlungi somoya". Ikakhulu, kukholelwa ukuthi lesi sitshalo siyakwazi ukudonsa kanye nokunciphisa amandla omoya wezinto ezinobungozi njenge-xylene, i-toluene ne-formaldehyde. Ihlukanisa lesi sitshalo nezinto ezingena egumbini elivalekile kanye nomoya oxoshwe ngabantu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukholelwa ukuthi i-nephrolepis inciphisa ukugcwala kwamagciwane emoyeni angahanjiswa ngamaconsi omoya. Ngenxa yalokho, igumbi lapho i-nephrolepis ikhona kalula ukuphefumula. Abantu bendawo baseGuyana basebenzisa amaqabunga ama-nephrolepis ane-sawed ezimbili ukwelapha amanxeba nokusika.
INephrolepis iphakeme. © I-piotrusINephrolepis ibhekwa njengenye yeferns enhle kakhulu. Kungcono ukuyibeka egumbini elilodwa. Uma i-nephrolepis isondelene nezinye izitshalo noma ifenisha, amaqabunga e-fern asontekenteke angalimala.
I-Nephrolepis (I-Nephrolepis) luhlobo lweferns lomndeni wakwaLomariopsis, kepha kokuhlukaniswa okuthile kufakwa emndenini wakwaDavalliev. Igama lohlobo lisuselwa kumagama esiGreek athi nephros (ν φρός φρός) - "izinso" kanye ne-lepis (λεπίς) - "izikali", esesimweni sompheme.
Uhlobo lweNephrolepsis luhlanganisa izinhlobo ezingaba ngu-30, ezinye zazo ezikhula ezindaweni ezivulekile ngakho-ke zibekezelela kahle ukukhanya kwelanga. INephrolepis ikhula ezindaweni ezishisayo eMelika, e-Afrika, eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia nase-Australia. Ngaphandle kwezindawo ezishisayo, i-nephrolepsis itholakala eJapan naseNew Zealand.
Iziqu ezifushane zesitshalo zinikeza amahlumela acishe abe mide lapho amaqhugwane amaqabunga amasha ekhula khona. I-Cirrus ishiya, igcina ukukhula okucasulayo iminyaka eminingana futhi ifinyelele kubude obuyi-3 m noma ngaphezulu. Izinhlobo ze-Nephrolepis soruses zitholakala emaphethelweni emithambo. Zihlanganiswa futhi ziyindilinga noma zihlanganisiwe emaphethelweni, njengaku-genph nephrolepis. I-Bract eyindilinga noma i-oblong, ihleliwe endaweni eyodwa noma inamathiselwe esisekelweni. Umlenze sporangia weminyaka ehlukene ngaphakathi sorus efanayo. Ama-spores mancane, ngombhede wezinsiba ezingaphezulu noma ezicacile.
Nephrolepis inhliziyo. © Ihlathi & i-Kim StarrNgaphezu kokukhiqizwa okujwayelekile kusetshenziswa izinhlama, i-nephrolepis isakazeka kalula ngokuveza imbala. Kumakhaza awo, inhlabathi engenamaqabunga, ifomu lesembozo elimbozwe njengesiqu, elifana namadevu sitrobheli. Leli ithuluzi eliphumelela kakhulu lokuzala. Ungakapheli unyaka, isitshalo esisodwa singakha ezingaphezu kwekhulu. Ezinye izinhlobo zalolu hlobo lokuzala zizala ngosizo lwezilimo eziyizigaxa, ezakhiwa ngobuningi kumahlumela angaphansi komhlaba - ama-stolons.
Izici
Ukushisa: INephrolepis ingeye-ferns ethanda ukushisa; izinga lokushisa ehlobo licishe libe ngu-20-22 ° C, kanti ebusika alikho ngaphansi kuka-13 ° C. Ayikubekezeleli okusalungiswa
Isibani: Indawo ye-nephrolepis kufanele ikhanye impela, kepha uma ishibilika ukukhanya kwelanga, ithunzi elincane elithile liyamukeleka. INephrolepis ingakhula ezindaweni ezimnyama impela, kepha ihlathi lizoba manzi futhi libi.
UkuniselaUkunisela kuphela ngamanzi angenayo i-lime angenawo amanzi. Ukunisela entwasahlobo - kuningi ehlobo, ngokulinganisela ebusika, kepha inhlabathi kufanele ibe nomswakama ngaso sonke isikhathi. Intambo yempande iphuma ebhodweni isikhathi eside, okwenza kube nzima ukunisela; kulokhu, kunisela kunconywa ephondweni.
Umanyolo: Ukugqoka okuphezulu ngomanyolo owuketshezi wezitshalo zasendlini ezihlotshiswe ngamaqabunga kusuka ngoMeyi kuya ku-Agasti njalo emavikini amabili. Noma ngomanyolo ohlanjululwe ngesonto.
Umswakama womoya: I-Nephrolepis, yize ibekezelela, ayibekezeleli umoya omile kahle, ngakho-ke idinga ukufafazwa njalo. Umswakama ofanele ungaba ngu-50-55%. Kuyadingeka ukubeka lesi sitshalo kude nama-radiator kanye namabhethri.
Xiphoid nephrolepis. © MokkieUkufakelwa: Ukufakelwa kwenziwa entwasahlobo, kuphela lapho izimpande zigcwalisa yonke imbiza. Inhlabathi kufanele ibe nokusabela okuncane. Inhlabathi - 1 ingxenye yokukhanya okuluhlaza okotshani, ingxenye eyi-1 enamaqabunga, ingxenye eyi-peat, ingxenye eyi-humus ne-1 ingxenye yesihlabathi.
Ukuzala: Ukuzala kabusha ikakhulukazi ngokuhlukanisa noma ukugoqa.
Ukunakekelwa
INephrolepis ithanda ukukhanya okungafani, ngaphandle kokukhanya kwelanga okuqondile.
Indawo enhle yokubekwa ama-windows ane-oriental entshonalanga noma empumalanga. Emafasiteleni anokhomba oseningizimu, i-nephrolepis ibekwa kude nefasitela noma ukukhanya okusakazekile kudalwe ngendwangu noma ngephepha (i-gauze, tulle, iphepha lokulandela).
Ngezinsuku ezifudumele zasehlobo, zingathathwa zikhiphe emoyeni ovulekile (kuvulandi, engadini), kodwa kufanele zivikelwe ekukhanyeni kwelanga, emvuleni nasekuhlaka. Uma ungenalo ithuba lokubeka izitshalo ngaphandle ehlobo, khona-ke kufanele uvule umoya egumbini.
Ebusika, i-nephrolepsis inikeza ukukhanya okuhle. Ungadala izibani ezingezekile usebenzisa izibani ze-fluorescent ngale nhloso, uzifake ngaphezu kwesitshalo kude kwe-50-60 cm okungenani amahora ayi-8 ngosuku. Esikhathini sekwindla-ebusika, kubalulekile futhi ukungena egumbini, kodwa okusalungiswa kufanele kugwenywe.
Kokukhula okuphumelelayo nenhlala-kahle ye-nephrolepis ngesikhathi sentwasahlobo-ihlobo, izinga lokushisa elilungile licishe libe ngu-20 ° C, emazingeni okushisa angaphezu kuka-24 ° C, kufanele kube nomswakama ophezulu, ngoba awubekezelelwa kahle amazinga okushisa aphezulu.
Ekwindla-ebusika, izinga lokushisa elilungile lisebangeni le-14-15 ° C, mhlawumbe libe ngu-3 ° C, kepha kulokhu, ukuthambisa kuyancipha futhi kuniselwe ngokucophelela nange nani elincane. Umoya ofudumele ngokweqile ulimaza isitshalo, ngakho-ke kungakuhle ukuthi ungawubeki eduze kwamabhethri wokushisa okuphakathi. Okusalungiswa kufanele kugwenywe.
INephrolepis iphakeme. © Kor! AnEsikhathini sentwasahlobo-ihlobo, i-nephrolepis iniselwa kakhulu ngemuva kohlu oluphezulu lwamatshe angaphansi komhlaba. Ebusika, ukuchelela kuyinto elinganiselayo, emva kosuku noma ezimbili, ngemuva kongqimba oluphezulu lodaka olungaphansi komhlaba. Isendlalelo esingezansi akufanele simunyiswe ngokweqile, inhlabathi kufanele ihlale inomswakama omncane. INephrolepis ayizwakali kangako uma yomiswa ngengozi ye-eparhen coma njengamanye amafayinisi, kepha kuyalulekwa ukuthi ungayivumeli. Ama-vaiyas asemasha angomile kulokhu.
Njengawo wonke ama-ferns, i-nephrolepis ithanda umswakama ophezulu. Kuyena, ukufafaza kuyasebenziseka unyaka wonke. Futha ngamanzi ahleliwe kahle noma ahlungiwe. Nge-nephrolepis, kuyadingeka ukukhetha indawo enomswakama omkhulu. Ngomoya owomile ongaphakathi, ukufafaza kuyadingeka okungenani kanye, futhi kufanelekile kabili ngosuku. Ukuze wandise umswakama, lesi sitshalo singafakwa esikhwameni nge-moss emanzi, ubumba olwandisiwe noma amatshe amatshe. Kulokhu, phansi kwembiza akufanele kuthinte amanzi.
Izikhathi ezithile, i-nephrolepis ingahlanzwa eshawini. Le nqubo ihlanza uthuli lwesitshalo, ngaphezu kwalokho lumanzise i-itsaliwe, ngesikhathi sokugeza, vala imbiza ngesikhwama ukuze amanzi angangeni kulolu hlaka olungaphansi.
I-Nefrolepis isuthiswa ngesikhathi sokukhula masonto onke ngomanyolo ohlanjululwe (1/4 - 1/5 wesimo esijwayelekile) wezitshalo ezinamandla. Ekwindla nasebusika abondli - ukondla ngalesi sikhathi kungaholela esifweni esibi sesitshalo.
Ama-ferns amasha atshalwa kanye ngonyaka entwasahlobo, nezitshalo ezindala ngemuva kweminyaka engu-2-3. Kungcono ukuthi udlulise i-fern ibe ngamabhodwe epulasitiki agcina umswakama womhlabathi ungcono kunobumba. Kulokhu, amabhodwe kufanele abe banzi futhi aphansi, ngoba uhlelo lwempande lwefern lukhula ngobubanzi.
Lapho imbiza iba mncane esitshalweni, umbala wayo uyaphela, futhi amaqabunga amadala awakhuli kahle, ama-vayas ayoma. Lapho ikhule ebhodweni enobubanzi obungamasentimitha ayi-12, ubude bamaqabunga ama-nephrolepis ngokuvamile afinyelela ku-45-50 cm.Izinkomba ezikhudlwana futhi zitholakala, ezinobude bamaqabunga afinyelela ku-75 cm. Ngokuhamba konyaka, lesi sitshalo sikhula kakhulu.
Xiphoid nephrolepis. © MokkieI-substrate (pH 5-6.5) kufanele ibe lula futhi ibe nezingxenye ezilinganayo zepuniat ephezulu, inhlabathi enobumbano nokuluhlaza ngokuhlanganiswa kokudla kwamathambo (amagremu ama-5 nge-1 kg yengxube). Ingatshalwa ku-peat ehlanzekile engu-20 cm, kanye nengxube yezingxenye ezi-4 zomhlaba onqabile, okuyingxenye eyodwa yephasi nesihlabathi. Kuyasiza ukwengeza amalahle emhlabathini - lokhu kuyisitho esihle se-bactericidal. Kudingeka kahle amanzi - i-nephrolepis ithanda inhlabathi enomswakama, kepha ibuhlungu kakhulu ngenxa yokuqina kwamanzi kanye nokuqina kwenhlabathi. Ngesikhathi sokufakelwa, ungambozi intamo yefern nomhlaba - shiya ingaphezulu le-rhizome emhlabathini. Masinyane nje ngemuva kokufakelwa, nisela isitshalo kakhulu bese uqapha umswakama wozalo olungaphansi kwesonto ukuze amaqabunga aphansi angakhuli.
Ukuzala
I-Nephrolepis isatshalaliswa ngama-spores (kuyaqabukela), isisusa seengcembe ze-pubescent ezingenamaqabunga, ukuhlukaniswa kwe-rhizome (isihlahla), ezinye izinhlobo ngama-stolons (nezilimo eziyizigaxa).
At isitshalo sokuzalela kusuka ezinhlamvukwakheka kumakhasi angaphansi kwamaqabunga, atshalwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ehamba phambili kunawo wonke enkulisa, efudumele kusuka ezansi, lapho izinga lokushisa ligcinwa ngo-21 ° C.
Sika iqabunga lesitshalo bese usula izimbali ephepheni. Thela enkulisa ungqimba lwamanzi kanye nenhlabathi yegciwane lokutshala imbewu. Nisela inhlabathi kahle bese usabalalisa izinhlamvu ngokulinganayo ngangokunokwenzeka. Mboza i-nursery ngengilazi bese uyibeka endaweni emnyama, efudumele. Nsuku zonke, ungasusi ingilazi yokufaka umoya omncane isikhathi eside, kepha ungavumeli umhlaba womile. I-nursery kufanele igcinwe ebumnyameni kuze kubonakale izitshalo (lokhu kuzokwenzeka ngemuva kwamasonto angama-4 ukuya ku-12). Bese uyidlulisela endaweni ekhanyayo bese ususa ingilazi. Lapho izitshalo zikhula, zimbambe, zishiya eziqine kakhulu ziqhelelane no-2,5 cm zisuka komunye. Izinsizakusebenza ezintsha ezikhula kahle ngemuva kokuncipha zingadluliselwa ezimbizeni ezinomhlabathi we-peaty - izitshalo ezi-2-3 ngayinye.
Ngaphezu kwamaqabunga, i-nephrolepis yakha inhlabathi ama-pubescent angenamahlumelaezimila kalula. Amahlumela amaningana (imivimbo) acindezelwa engxenyeni engaphansi yomunye wembiza enama-studs noma izingcezu zocingo. Ukunisela ukusikwa kufanele kube ukuthi i-substrate ebhodweni ihlala imanzi. Lapho izingqimba zikhula futhi zinama-vaya amasha, zihlukaniswa ngokucophelela kusuka kusitshalo somama.
Lapho ufaka i-nephrolepis yabantu abadala ngoFebhuwari-Mashi, ungaqaphela hlukanisa isigqi, kodwa kuphela ukuthi ingxenye ngayinye ehlukanisiwe inephuzu lokukhula. Uma kunephuzu elilodwa lokukhula noma bambalwa ngenani, khona-ke awukwazi ukwahlukanisa isitshalo, lokhu kungaholela ekufeni. Izitshalo ezisencane ngemuva kokuhlukaniswa aziqali ukukhula ngokushesha. Ingxenye ngayinye ehlukaniselwe itshalwa ebhodweni elihlukile, embozwe isikhwama sepulasitiki esobala, ibekwe endaweni efudumele ekhanyayo (ngaphandle kokukhanya okuqondile kwelanga) futhi njalo inisela futhi ifafazwe, isakazwa ngezikhathi ezithile.
Inhliziyo yeNephrolepis iphindaphindeka ngempumelelo nezilimo eziyizigaxa (stolons). Okukhulu kunakho konke kufinyelela kubude obungamamitha ayi-2-2,5. Ama-tubers amancane amhlophe noma abe yisiliva ngenxa yokufafazwa okuningi okumboza ubuso bawo. Lapho zihlukaniswa, nezilimo eziyizigaxa zingaqhuma ngokushesha ngaphandle kwenkathi yokuphumula. Imvamisa isitshalo esisodwa sikhula kusuka kubhulabhu elilodwa. Ihlala inamaqabunga ajwayelekile, afana namaqabunga esitshalo somama.
Nephrolepis inhliziyo. © Poco a pocoUbunzima obungahle bube khona
Umswakama ophansi kakhulu egumbini, okuholela ekutheni kumiswe amathiphu we-wai kanye nokuhlala kwawo, futhi kunomthelela ekuthelelekeni nge-spider mite.
Ukukhanya kwelanga ngqo kubangela ukushiswa kwezitshalo.
Musa ukusebenzisa amalungiselelo ukunikeza isicwebezelisi amaqabunga.
Musa ukufaka umanyolo enhlanyelweni esikhathini ekwindla-ebusika, lokhu kuholela kwisifo se-nephrolepis.
Ukukhula ngempumelelo kwe-fern, kumele kusetshenziswe ama-substrates amancane. Ezitshalweni ezisindayo zikhula kabi futhi zingafa - amasobho enhlabathi nezimpande azikhuli.
Izinhlobo
I-Nephrolepis iphakanyisiwe (iNephrolepis exaltata)
Kwasekhaya - izindawo ezishisayo zaseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia. Isitshalo se-herbaceous esingumhlabathi noma i-epiphytic herbaceous enomfishane omile mpo othwele irosette enkulu, efinyelela kuma-70 cm ubude, kanye namahlumela kanye kanye. Amaqabunga asohlwini ayindilinga, aluhlaza okotshani, omfushane. Izigaba ("izimpaphe") ziyi-lanceolate, dl. 5 cm noma ngaphezulu, emaphethelweni we-serrate-town engabonakali. Ngokuguga, iqabunga liyajika liphuzi bese liwa. Ngasohlangothini olungezansi lwezigaba, eduze komphetho, kunezinhlobo eziyindilinga - emigqeni emibili ezinhlangothini zombili zethambo eliphakathi. Kwi-rhizome, kwakheka amagqabi angenamakhasi, amisebe eyakhiwe ngemisuka emisebeni (imivimbo), okunikeza izitshalo ezintsha. Ama-Soruses ayindilinga, ahlelwe ngemigqa emibili nhlangothi zombili zethambo eliphakathi, eduze nomphetho.
Kunezindlela eziningi zegadi esikweni, ezihlukile ngezinga lokuhlukaniswa kwezigaba.
- IBostoniensis - le nhlobonhlobo yathola ngokushesha ukuthandwa ezinhlangothini zombili ze-Atlantic, ngakho-ke namuhla sekukhona izinhlobo eziningi zeBoston fern, ngokwesibonelo, iRooseveltii (enkulu, enamaqabunga e-wavy), iMaasii (icwecwe, elinamaqabunga e-wavy) neScottii (icwecwe, elinokusontekile imiphetho yamaqabunga).
Kunezinhlobonhlobo ezinamaqabunga e-pinnate amaqabunga amabili, lapho iqabunga ngalinye liphindelana khona. Kukhona amafomu anamaqabunga aphindwe kathathu aphindwe kathathu, ukuze isitshalo sonke sibukeke sithandekile. Lawa ama-Fluffy Ruffles (amaqabunga e-cirrus aphindwe kabili), i-whitmanh (amacembe ama-cirrus aphindwe kathathu) kanye ne-smithii (amacembe ama-cirrus amahlandla amane).
INephrolepis iphakeme. © uJerzy OpiolaInhliziyo Nephrolepis (Nephrolepis cordifolia)
Homeland - amahlathi asezindaweni ezishisayo nasendaweni esabekayo yama-hemispheres womabili. Ihlukahluke kohlobo lwangaphambilini ngokuvuvukala kweshubhu okwakhiwe ngaphansi kwamahlumela angaphansi komhlaba (ama-stolons), kanye namaqabunga aqondiswe cishe phezulu ngokuqonde phezulu (esimweni se-N. amaqabunga agobile) futhi ngokuhlelwa okungxinzekile kwezigaba, kuvame ukunqwabelana, ngendlela yothayela. Ngokwesiko kusukela ngo-1841
Xiphoid Nephrolepis (Nephrolepis biserrata)
Homeland - America Ephakathi, Florida, iziqhingi ezishisayo zase-Atlantic. Amacembe makhulu, abe nobude obungaphezu kwemitha, kwesinye isikhathi aze afike kumamitha ayi-2,5. Azikho nezilimo eziyizigaxa Lolu hlobo lufanelekile ukulinyelwa lapho ligcina ukushisa ngokushisa kunokuba kunamagumbi.
I-Nephrolepis ibukeka kahle njengesitshalo se-ampel futhi ingabekwa sobabili ebhodweni elijwayelekile kanye kubhasikidi wokulenga. Ikulungele kahle ukukhula emahholo nasezitebhisini, nasegumbini lokugezela, uma kukhona iwindi. Ungasebenzisi amakhemikhali ukukhanyisa amaqabunga.
