Umuthi i-Astrantia, obizwa nangokuthi inkanyezi, uyilungu lomndeni wesambulela. Isitshalo esinjalo singatholakala eMpumalanga, Eningizimu kanye naseYurophu Ephakathi, kanye naseCaucasus. Kuze kube manje, ochwepheshe abakanqumi ngokuqondile ukuthi igama le-astrantia livelaphi, kepha kunombono wokuthi liqukethe amagama amabili: "i-astron" elisho "inkanyezi" (kucatshangwa ukuthi lokhu kungenxa yokwakheka kwembali), nokuthi "antion" - "okuphambene "(ngokunokwenzeka, kubhekiselwa emaqabungeni wesitshalo). Lolu hlobo luhlanganisa izinhlobo eziyishumi. ENgilandi naseMelika, isitshalo esinjalo saphakade sithandwa kakhulu, futhi sitshalwe kula mazwe kusukela ngekhulu le-16. Okwamanje, ngenxa yomsebenzi wabafuyi, inamba enkulu yezingadi ze-astrantia izelwe.
Izici ze-Astrantia
Umuthi i-astrantia uyisiqalo. Amahlumela awo aqondile, anamaqabunga amancane futhi aqhakaze kancane, ukuphakama kwawo kuyahlukahluka kusuka kumamitha ayi-0,15 kuya kwangama-0.9. Amapuleti amaqabunga, njengomthetho, ahlukaniswe ngesundu noma alayishwe ngesandla, anama-lobes amathathu kuya kwawesi-7 ambobo we-lanceolate noma i-obovate esesimweni eceleni komphetho. Aqoqwe ezisekelweni zezimpande. Ama-inflorescence alula wesambulela, angaphandle afana nezinkanyezi, aqukethe inani elikhulu lezimbali ezinamapinki amnyama noma ezimhlophe. Amaqabunga aluhlaza ahlanganisiwe we-wrapper anika isitshalo umphumela omkhulu kakhulu. Izimbali ziqala ngoMeyi, futhi ziphela ezinsukwini zokuqala zekwindla. Izithelo ziyimbewu ephindwe kabili.
Lesi sitshalo siyisitshalo soju, ngakho-ke sidonsela izinyosi engadini. Kuyamelana nemakhaza nesomiso. I-Astrantia ikhula e-rabatka, e-mixborder, emakamelweni ezimbali, asetshenziselwa ukudala imingcele noma etshalwe ngamaqembu maphakathi notshani. Engadini, izimbali ezinjengalezi zinconywa ukuba zikhule ndawonye ne-medunica, i-astilbe, Sebawoti, i-geraniums kanye ne-heilher ehlukahlukene. Ama-inflorescence alesi sitshalo alungele ukusikwa, ngoba ahlala emasha futhi esebenza isikhathi eside. I-Astrantia nayo isetshenziselwa ukwenza izindlwana ezomile.
Le mbali ayinciphisi ukunakekela kanye nezimo ezikhulayo. Ngokuqondene nalokhu, kuthandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabaqambi bengadi.
Ukutshala kwe-Astrantia kusuka ezinhlanyelweni
Ukuhlwanyela
I-Astrantia iyakwazi ukuzala kabusha ngokuzimela. Kodwa-ke, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi kuzithombo ezinjalo, izinhlamvu ezihlukahlukene zezitshalo zabazali azigcinwanga ngokuphelele. Kulokhu, abalimi abanolwazi batusa ukukhetha ezinye izindlela zokwandisa imbali enjalo. Ukuhlwanyela imbewu esanda kuvunwa kungenziwa ebusika ngemuva kokuvela kwezithombo entwasahlobo, zidinga kuphela ukuthi zinqunywe. Uma ufisa, i-astrantia ingatshalwa ngezithombo, ngoba lokhu, imbewu ihlwanyelwa emabhokisini ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Kodwa-ke, kuleli cala, bazodinga i-stratation; ngoba lokhu, imbewu yesivuno sekwindla izodinga ukufakwa esiqandisini ebhokisini lemifino emavikini ayi-8 ukuya kwelesihlanu. Ngendlela, hlola ngokucophelela ukupakisha okuthengwe esitolo sezimbewu ze-astrantia, uma kungakhombisi ukuthi kuqedwe kabusha ngumakhi, khona-ke kuyofanela ukwenze ngokwakho.
Ekuhlwanyeleni imbewu, kusetshenziswa umhlabathi wokukhanya onempilo. Zisatshalaliswa ebusweni bayo, bese zifafazwa ngenhla ngesendlalelo esincanyana se-substrate. Amabhokisi kufanele ambozwe ngengilazi noma ngefilimu abekwe endaweni efudumele (ukusuka kuma-20 kuye kwangama-23 degrees). Lapho kuvela izithombo, indawo yokukhosela kufanele isuswe.
Izithombo ezikhulayo
Ngemuva kokuvela kwamahlumela okuqala, amabhokisi kufanele ahlelwe kabusha endaweni efanele. Lapho kudlula amasonto ayi-1-2 ngemuva kokuvela kwezithombo, azodinga ukunqunywa. I-raspberry kufanele iniselwe ngokwejwayelekile ngemuva kokuba umhlabathi ongaphezulu womile, futhi isigaxa esingaphansi komhlaba naso kufanele sikhululwe ngokucophelela. Lapho ungena ngaphakathi egumbini, qiniseka ukuthi izithombo zivikelekile kokungakapheli.
Khetha
Lapho amabala okuqala amaqabunga eqabunga evela ezitshalweni, adinga ukwenziwa umuntu ngamunye ezimbizeni, besebenzisa ingxube efanayo yenhlabathi nokutshala. Udinga ukuqala ukwenza lukhuni izitshalo emasontweni angu-1.5 ngaphambi kokutshala. Ukuze wenze lokhu, izithombo zidluliselwa nsuku zonke engadini noma kuvulandi, kanti isikhathi sokuhlala kwalo emoyeni omusha kufanele sanda kancane kancane. Ukutshala izithombo enhlabathini evulekile kungenziwa kuphela ngemuva kokuba uvumelaniswe ngokuphelele nezimo ezintsha.
Ukufakwa kwe-astrantia emhlabathini ovulekile
Isikhathi sokufika emhlabeni
Njengomthetho, ukutshala izithombo ze-astrantia enhlabathini evulekile kunconywa ezinsukwini zokugcina zikaMeyi noma ezokuqala - ngoJuni. Ngokutshala, indawo enokhanyayo kahle nomthunzi omncane wezihlahla kufanelekile. Inhlabathi kumele ibe nenempilo futhi iqonde, futhi ukwakheka kwayo kungacishe kube yinoma yini.
Kanjani emhlabeni
Ngokutshala nokunakekela izimbali ezinjalo akukho lutho oluyinkimbinkimbi. Lapho utshala phakathi kwezihlahla, kufanele kubhekwe ibanga elingama-0,3 kuya ku-0.4 m. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ngemuva kokutshala lesi sitshalo kufanele sibe sezingeni elifanayo lapho sikhulele ebhodweni. Izitshalo ezitshaliwe eziseduze kufanele zigcotshwe ngenhlabathi, bese ziniselwa kahle kakhulu. Izimbali ze-astrantia ezikhulwe ngezithombo ziqala eminyakeni emithathu kamuva.
Ukunakekelwa kwe-Astrantia engadini
I-Astrantia ingesinye sezitshalo zasengadini ezingakheki kakhulu. Uma ehlobo akukho ukushisa okungajwayelekile kanye nesomiso isikhathi eside, khona-ke isitshalo esinjalo asinakubhekwa nakancane, ngoba sihlukaniswa ukukhuthazela kwaso nokumelana nesomiso. Uma ihlobo lavela ekubeni yimbumba futhi iyomile, khona-ke kuleli cala i-astrantia ngeke idinge ukuthambisa okukhulu. Uma kwenzeka ulindela ukuthi kuqhakaze eyodwa kuphela kuwo, khona-ke ngesikhathi sesomiso esinzima kakhulu kuzodingeka kuniselwe kanye kuphela ezinsukwini eziyi-7. Kodwa-ke, uma kwenzeka ufuna isitshalo esinjalo siqhume kaninginingi, uzodinga ukukhetha umbuso wokunisela wokuthi inhlabathi eseduze kwezihlahla ihlala imanzi kancane kuyo yonke inkathi yokukhula. Ngemuva kokuba izimbali ziniselwe noma imvula idlulile, ungakhohlwa ukukhulula ingaphezulu lesakhiwo bese ngasikhathi sinye ukhipha wonke ukhula. Ukuze wehlise kakhulu inani lokunisela nokhula, kunconywa ukugcwalisa ingaphezulu lesayithi ngesendlalelo se-mulch (i-peat noma i-humus). Ukuze i-astrantia iqhume isikhathi eside futhi ingaphindi ngokuzimela, kuyadingeka ukusika ngesikhathi lawo ma-inflorescence aseqalile ukuqhela. Lapho izihlahla ziqhakaza okokuqala, kuzodingeka ukuthi sinqume wonke ama-inflorescence, lokhu kusiza ukukhuthaza ukukhula kwemicibisholo yezimbali ezintsha, futhi nesihlahla sizoba sikhulukazi futhi sifane.
Uma kwenzeka ukuthi i-astrantia ikhule emhlabathini onempilo, lapho-ke kuzodingeka ukuthi uyondle isikhathi esisodwa kuphela sonyaka ekuqaleni kwenkathi yentwasahlobo bese usebenzisa umanyolo wamaminerali oyinkimbinkimbi kulokhu. Uma sekukhule emhlabathini ompofu iminyaka engaphezu kwemithathu, kunconywa ukuthi kuyondle isikhathi esingu-1 engxenyeni yesibili yenkathi yehlobo, lapho kusetshenziswa khona umanyolo we-potassium-phosphorus. Ukondla kunconyelwa ngomanyolo owuketshezi, kepha uma uwungenisa enhlabathini ngefomu elomile, qiniseka ukuthi uzithela izimbali emva kwalokho.
I-Astrantia ingatshalwa endaweni efanayo isikhathi esingaphansi kweminyaka eyi-10. Kodwa-ke, abalimi abanolwazi bayalwa ukutshala izihlahla njalo eminyakeni engama-5-7. Kwezinye izimo, isitshalo esinjalo singadinga i-garter yokusekela, ikakhulukazi ngenkathi yemvula.
Ukukhiqizwa kwe-astrantia
I-Astrantia ingatshalwa ngendlela ecishe ifane nazo zonke ezinye izitshalo ze-herbaceous ezikhula engadini, okungukuthi: ukwahlukanisa isihlahla nembewu. Ungayisakaza kanjani ngokusebenzisa izithombo ichazwa ngemininingwane engenhla. Kodwa-ke, imbewu yabalimi abanolwazi ihlelwe kabusha esitolo, ibuye ibuye emavikini ayi-8, bese ihlwanyelwa ngqo enhlabathini evulekile entwasahlobo ngemuva kokuba umhlaba ufudumele ngokwanele. Uma imbewu isanda kuqoqwa, khona-ke ihlwanyelwa ngaphambi kobusika ngokushesha emhlabathini ovulekile.
Kepha lapho i-astrantia isakazeka ngembewu, kufanele kubhekwe ukuthi izithombo kungenzeka zingagcini izici ezihlukile zesitshalo somama. Kulokhu, kunconywa ukusabalalisa lesi sitshalo ngokuhlukanisa isihlahla, esikhiqizwa entwasahlobo (ngaphambi kokuba amaqabunga avele) noma ekwindla (ekupheleni kwenkathi yokukhula). Ukuze wenze lokhu, hlukanisa isidleke sezimpande ezingxenyeni eziningana ezidinga ukutshalwa, futhi ungakhohlwa ukugcina ibanga eli-0,4 kuya ku-0.5 m phakathi kwezihlahla, kuyilapho i-humus kufanele ifakwe emgodini ngamunye. Ngemuva kwamaviki ama-4, i-Delenki izoqala ukukhula futhi ihlume, bese kuthi ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyi-12 isivele ihluke kakhulu kwizitshalo ezindala. Izitshalo ezisatshalaliswa ngokuhlukanisa isihlahla zizoqala ukuqhakaza ngemuva kweminyaka emithathu. Le ndlela isetshenziswa kakhulu ukuze kusatshalaliswe izinhlobo ezibaluleke kakhulu noma ezingavamile.
Izifo nezinambuzane
Isitshalo esinjalo simelana kakhulu nezifo nezinambuzane. Kepha uma kungafanele ukumlandela, khona-ke lokhu kungenza buthaka kakhulu ukungavikeleki kwakhe. Isibonelo, uma i-astrantia ihlala iniselwa njalo, khona-ke lokhu kungadala ukukhula kwesifo sokukhunta. Ukwelapha izihlahla ezithintekile, kufanele ziphathwe ngama-fungicides, ngokwesibonelo, i-Quadris, i-Fitosporin, i-Fundazol, iBravo noma ezinye izindlela ezifanayo.
I-Astrantia ngemuva kwezimbali
Ukuqoqwa kwembewu
Uma uhlela ukuqoqa imbewu kusuka ku-astrantia, khona-ke ngesikhathi sezimbali, chaza ama-inflorescence amahle kakhulu futhi amakhulu. Lapho ziqala ukoma, kufanele zifakwe ezikhwameni ze-gauze, ezizovimbela ukuchitheka kwembewu evuthiwe ebusweni bendawo. Imbewu eyomile ngokuphelele kufanele inqunywe bese ibekwa ukuze yomiswe egumbini elomile elinomoya owenele, ukuze lisatshalaliswe ekhasini lephephandaba. Ngemuva kokuba sezomile, kuzodingeka zikhishwe imbewu okususwa kuzo amacembe omisiwe. Imbewu ifakwa ebhokisini lekhadibhodi elincane noma esikhwameni sephepha, elihlanzwa endaweni emnyama neyomile.
Ungazilungiselela kanjani ubusika
Ukulungiselela i-astrantia ebusika kufanele kube ekwindla. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sika iziqu zayo cishe zibe ezingeni lomhlaba lesiza. Ngemuva kwalokho izihlahla zifakwe nge-peat noma nge-humus. Ukuvikela amakhishi amancane, kunconywa ukusebenzisa amagatsha e-spruce. Uma i-astrantia isivele isikhulile, khona-ke iyakwazi ukusinda ebusika ngaphandle kokukhosela.
Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo ze-astrantia enezithombe namagama
Sekukonke, kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwe-10 ze-astrania, kepha zintathu kuphela ezitshaliwe.
I-Astrantia enkulu (i-Astrantia enkulu), noma i-astrantia enkulu
Ngokwemvelo, le nhlobo ingatholakala entshonalanga engxenyeni yaseYurophu yeRussia, eMoldova, e-Ukraine, eBelarus, e-Central Europe nasemazweni aseBaltic. Isitshalo esinjalo sikhetha ukukhula emaphethelweni kanye nasemaphethelweni amahlathi abanzi nacwazimulayo. Ukuphakama kwesihlahla esiqhakaza kungamamitha ayi-0.7, futhi ububanzi bawo bubalelwa ku-0,4 m. I-rosette eyisisekelo inamapuleti amaqabunga amaqabunga amathathu kuya ayisikhombisa ahlukene. Izimbali eziphinki ezikhanyayo ziqoqwa kuma-inflorescence ama-umbellate alula, ububanzi bawo bungama-50 mm. Umbala wamapheshana aluhlaza okotshani noma okhanyayo opinki. Ikhiqizwe kusukela ngo-1597. Izinhlobo ezithandwa kakhulu:
- UMoulin Rouge. Ama-inflorescence apendwe ngebomvu ewayinini, kuyilapho amaqabunga e-wrapper emnyama, acishe abe mnyama. Okumangalisa kakhulu izimbali zamabhasi akhule ezindaweni ezinelanga.
- URuby Wedding. Isihlahla sifinyelela ubude obungu-0.65 m, umbala wezimbali ubomvu obomvu. Le nhlobonhlobo inconywa ukuthi ikhule endaweni enomthunzi.
- UClaret. Umbala wezimbali u-burgundy, ukugoqa okusobala kombala ofanayo. Ukuphakama kwesitshalo kungamamitha ayi-0,55. Ama-Astrantia aqhakaza ezinsukwini zokuqala zikaJulayi, futhi ukuqhakaza kuyaphela ezinsukwini zokugcina zikaSepthemba. Kunconywe ukuthi kukhule umdweshu osesilinganisweni nasethunzini. Kungatshalwa esitsheni.
- I-Prima donna. Izimbali zibomvu mnyama, futhi izindwangu zidwetshwe emthunzini olula. Ukuphakama kwesitshalo kucishe kube ngu-0,7 m. Izinhlobonhlobo zingatshalwa endaweni enelanga noma enomthunzi.
- IVenice. Umbala we-ruby inflorescence.
- Izindlebe. Ukuphakama kwesihlahla kucishe kube ngu-0.75 m, kuhlotshiswe ngama-inflorescences apinki, umbala wawo ugcwele kahle kangangokuba ukhanya ebumnyameni.
- ISunningdale Variegata. Umbala we-inflorescences uyi-lavender ephuzi. Phezu kwamapuleti amaqabunga aluhlaza kukhona ama-smears of ukhilimu nombala ophuzi-wegolide.
- I-RosenSimphony. Ukuphakama kwesitshalo kungamamitha ayi-0,7. Ama-inflorescence apinki, futhi izingqimba zibomvana ngombala opinki.
- URosea. Ukuphakama kwesitshalo kucishe kube ngu-0.6 m. Ama-inflorescence apinki apinki, futhi amaqabunga anamaqabunga anendawo.
- I-Snowstar. Umbala wezimbali umhlophe, kanti i-wrapper imhlophe ngokuluhlaza. Lesi sitshalo sifinyelela ukuphakama okungamamitha ayi-0.55-0.7 Kunconywa ukuthi sikhule lokhu okuhlukahlukene ngombala osesilinganisweni nasethunzini.
- Umgwaqo we-Abby. I-Astrantia ibomvu, umbala wama-inflorescence ububende, futhi izindonga zingomthunzi omnyama.
I-Astrantia inkulu kakhulu (i-Astrantia maxima)
Indawo okwazalelwa kuyo lolu hlobo lweCaucasus. Ukuphakama kwesitshalo esinamakhompiyutha kungamamitha angama-0.7; Amapuleti eshidi ayindlela kathathu. Ububanzi be-inflorescence elula yesambulela ingama-45 mm; aqukethe izimbali ezincane ezipinki. Amaqabunga e-wrapper adwetshwe ngombala obomvu onsomi, ahlanganisiwe futhi afinyelela ubude obungu-10 mm. Izimbali zibonwa ngo-Agasti nangoSepthemba.
Umncane we-Astrantia (omncane we-Astrantia)
Emvelweni, isitshalo esinjalo sitholakala engxenyeni eseningizimu yeNtshonalanga Yurophu, sincamela ukukhula ezintabeni. Ukuphakama kwesihlahla kucishe kube yimitha 1. Amapuleti amaqabunga anama-petioles amade ahlukaniswe kathathu. Ububanzi be-umbellate inflorescence bungama-30 mm; liqukethe inani elikhulu lezimbali ezinombala opinki. Izimbali zibonwa ngoJulayi-Agasti. Kwenziwe kusukela ngo-1868.
I-Astrantia carniolica (Astrantia carniolica)
Lesi sitshalo se-herbaceous perennial. Ama-plates amaqabunga ahlukaniswe phakathi kwesithelo Ama-umbrella inflorescence aqukethe izimbali ezimhlophe. Izinhlobonhlobo ezithandwa kakhulu nguRubra. Umbala wezimbali namafreyidi ale nhlobonhlobo apinki akhanyayo, aphenduka abomvu. Lesi sitshalo sifinyelela ukuphakama okungamamitha ayi-0,7. Izimbali ziqala ezinsukwini zokugcina zikaMeyi, bese ziphela ezinsukwini zokugcina zika-Agasti.
Futhi, abalimi kwesinye isikhathi bahlakulela i-astrantia engabhaliwe kathathu, iBieberstein, i-hellebore neBavaria.
