Izinhlobo zezitshalo USmithyant ihlobene ngqo nomndeni wakwaGesneriaceae. Lolu hlobo luhlanganisa izinhlobo zezitshalo eziyi-8. Kunemithombo lapho lesi sitshalo sibizwa nge-negelia. Emvelweni, itholakala ezintabeni ze-Central neNingizimu Melika. Lesi sitshalo saqala ukufuywa ngonyaka we-1840. Lolu hlobo lwegama lazo lahlonishwa uMatilda Smith. Usebenze njengomdwebi engadini yangasese yezitshalo yaseNgilandi, iKew.
Isitshalo esinjalo sinotshani. Ineziqu eziqondile ze-pubescent, ezingafinyelela ukuphakama kwamasentimitha angama-70. Izimpande zibukhali, njengaleyo ka-Achimenes. Amahlumela aqondile. Amacembe aluhlaza-aluhlaza okotshani akhula ngendlela engafani nalutho. Banesimo se-oval noma inhliziyo.
Izimbali ezilengayo eziqoqwe kubhulashi ziyafana nezinsimbi. Azinamaqabunga e-peri-flowering. Izimbali zeSmitianti zingapendwe ngemibala ehlukahlukene, ngokwesibonelo: obomvu, omhlophe, opinki noma obomvu-owolintshi. Kukhona izimbali eziphuzi, kanti umphimbo wazo unezinhlobo zombala ohlukile. Amafomu ama-Miniature nawo akhula ekhaya. Lezi zimbali zinesikhathi sokuphumula esishiwo. Ngakho-ke, ngemuva kokuqhakaza kwezimbali, ingxenye imbali engaphezulu komhlaba iyafa.
Ukunakekelwa Kwasekhaya
Ukukhanya
Izidingo ezikhanyayo ezikhanyayo kodwa ezingekho emthethweni. Ukuze ubekwe, kunconyelwa ukukhetha amawindows entshonalanga noma empumalanga. Uma imbali ibekwe efasiteleni lewindi elibheke eningizimu, khona-ke idinga ukubopha kusuka emisebeni yelanga eqondile yelanga (i-tulle ifanela kahle). Emafasiteleni asendaweni enyakatho, ama-smythiant kungenzeka anganikeli imifino ejwayelekile.
Imodi yokushisa
Kusukela ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo kuya maphakathi nesikhathi sekwindla, kunconywa ukuthi kulondolozwe izinga lokushisa lomoya kusuka kuma-23 kuya kwangama-25 degrees. Lapho amaqabunga efa, izinga lokushisa lingancishiselwa libe ngama-20 degrees.
Ungaphuzisa kanjani
Ukusuka ngoMashi kuya ku-Okthoba, lesi sitshalo sidinga ukuthambisa okuningi, okwenziwa ngemuva kokoma okuphezulu kwomahluko ongaphansi komhlaba. Kodwa-ke, qiniseka ukuthi amanzi awahlali emhlabathini, futhi futhi ungavumeli umhlaba ukuba womile ngokuphelele. Uma iniselwa kakhulu, lokhu kungadala ukwakheka kokubola kwezimpande. Kunconywa ukusebenzisa ukunisela okungaphansi ngamanzi axazululiwe. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi amanzi kuhlamvu angonakalisa ukubukeka okuhle kwesitshalo. Lapho iziqu zifa (phakathi nesikhathi sokuphumula), kubalulekile ukunikela ngokunisela okumpofu kakhulu esitshalweni, ngezikhathi ezithile kuphela zokuthoba umswakama.
Umswakama womoya
Lesi sitshalo sidinga umswakama ophezulu, ngaphandle kwalokho amaqabunga awo aqala ukuncipha. Akunakwenzeka ukuthambisa umswiti kusuka ku-sprayer, ngoba lokhu kuthinta kabi ukubukeka kwawo. Abatshali bezimbali abanolwazi batusa ukuthulula ubumba olunwetshiwe epanini bese uthela amanzi amancane.
Umanyolo
Ngesikhathi sokukhula okusebenzayo, imbali idinga ukwenziwa umquba. Kulomanyolo, kuyadingeka ukuthi kuncibilike emanzini okugxilisiwe kangangokuba kungaphansi kokujwayelekile.
Izindlela zokuzala
Isitshalo singasakazwa ngembewu, ukwahlukana noma ukusikwa.
Kunconywa ukuhlwanyela imbewu kusuka maphakathi nobusika kuya maphakathi nenkathi yentwasahlobo. Fudumeza i-substrate esitsheni bese uyamanzisa. Hlakazisa imbewu ngaphezulu, ngenkathi uzifafaza ngenhlabathi akufanele, ngoba zidinga ukukhanya okukhanyayo kokuhluma. Ukuze ulondoloze umswakama ophezulu, isitsha kufanele simbozwe ngengilazi noma ngefilimu. Ngemuva kwamaviki ama-3, izithombo zizovela, okuzothi ngemuva kwenyanga eyi-1 zidluliselwe emabhokisini e-dive. Ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyi-1-1,5, izithombo kufanele zitshalwe kabusha zibe ngamabhodwe ahlukile. Ezinyangeni eziyisithupha kuphela ngemuva kokufakelwa esitsheni esikhulu, i-smytiant izoqala ukuqhakaza. Lapho ukuqhakaza sekudlulile, izithungo ngaphezulu komhlaba zizofa. Imbiza ibekwa endaweni enamazinga okushisa ayi-15, ngenkathi ukuchelela kufanele kucishe kumiswe ngokuphelele.
I-Smitianta ingasakazwa ngokusikeka kuyo yonke inkathi yokukhula okusebenzayo. Ukuze isibambo, kubalulekile ukusika ihlumela apical, ubude bawo kufanele lilingane okungenani amasentimitha ayi-5 noma ayisithupha. Ukuze ubambe izimpande, ungasebenzisa ingilazi yamanzi, kanye nenhlabathi ye-senpolia, lapho isitjalo kufanele sitshalwe khona. Umswakama kufanele ube phezulu impela ukusuka kumaphesenti angama-70 kuya kwangama-80.
Ngesikhathi sokufakelwa kwezimbali ezinsukwini zokugcina zikaFebhuwari, ungahlukanisa impande yazo. Izingxenye zezimpande ezisikiwe kufanele zibekwe emhlabathini zijule ngamasentimitha ayi-2, zibeke ngokuqondile. Izingxenye ezintathu zempande kufanele zitshalwe ngokushesha ebhodweni elinobukhuluamasentimitha ayishumi.
Izifo nezinambuzane
Izinambuzane ezinobungozi njengama-whiteflies, ama-thrips noma imikhaza zingaphila kulesi sitshalo.
Ngesikhathi sokukhula okukhulu, isitshalo esinjenge-smythianta sifana kakhulu nekholoni yesihlobo saso esiseduze kakhulu. Umehluko phakathi kwalezi zitshalo ngukuthi iSmithian sinesikhathi esibonisa ukuthi azikho, ngoba ingxenye yayo yasemoyeni ifa ngokuphelele. Ebusika, iziqu zivezwa ekholoni, kanti ingxenye esemoyeni iyafa akuvamile.
Imvamisa, oshisayo uqala ukulimala ngenxa yokuthi unakekelwa ngokungafanele:
- Kuvela amabala ansundu ngaphezulu kwehlamvu. Kunezizathu eziningana zalokhu. Ngakho-ke, ukubonakala kwezindawo ezinjalo kungakhuthaza ukuthambisa ngamanzi alukhuni noma abanda kakhulu. Kungasiza futhi kumonakalo owenziwe ngomshini noma uketshezi oluwile kumahlamvu.
- Amahlamvu aluhlaza - lokhu kungakhombisa ukuthi igumbi linomswakama omningi ngokweqile futhi akukho moya opholile. Imvamisa, lokhu kubonakala njengesifo sokukhunta.
- Kuyashisa ngamahlamvu - ecaleni lapho imbali ingaphansi kwelanga ngqo noma isikhathi eside, amabala aphuzi aphuzi angavela ngaphezulu kwamaqabunga. Hambisa isitshalo emthunzini futhi unikeze umoya omusha. Uma kwenzeka ukuthi umhlaba ebhodweni womile ngokuphelele, kufanele uniselwe, kepha kuphela ngemuva kokuthi usupholile ngokuphelele. Ngamafasitela wendlela yaseningizimu, oshayayo kufanele ahlinzeke umoya omncane futhi akhanyise ukukhanya. Futhi, amaqabunga angaguquka aphuzi ngenxa yokuntuleka noma ngokweqile kwamaminerali enhlabathini.
- Ukuntuleka kokuqhakaza - uma imithetho yokunakekelwa yephulwa. Lokhu kubonwa ngokukhanya okungahambi kahle noma ukuntuleka kwezakhi emhlabathini. Isitshalo angeke siqhakaze ngenxa yezimo zokushisa ezingafanele noma ukulungiswa okungafanele ngesikhathi sokushisa.
Ukubuyekezwa kwevidiyo
Izinhlobo eziphambili
Smithyantha hybrid (Smithiantha x hybrida)
Amahlumela aqonde. Amapheshana aluhlaza omnyama, amapheshana ama-velvety anomumo wenhliziyo. Ama-inflorescences aphathekayo aqukethe izimbali eziningi kuma-pedicels. Ukuma kwezimbali kuyafana nentsimbi emincane. Zingaba ngombala opinki, o-orenji ojulile noma ophuzi. Loluhlobo lunesikhathi eside sokuqhakaza, ngakho-ke luhlala ngo-Agasti kuya ku-Mashi. Lapho izimbali ziphela, isikhathi sokuthokomala siqala. I-"Prelude" ehlukahlukene ihlukile ngoba ine-pharynx ephuzi, kanti ne-corolla tube imnyama ngombala obomvu. Ama-lobes amhlophe okhalweni anemithambo ebomvu nebala.
Smithyantha zebrina
Lolu hlobo lwaphakade lukhule kusukela ngeminyaka yama-40 yekhulu le-19. Inamaba okuqina afinyelela ukuphakama kwamasentimitha angama-60. Incwajana ezinobubanzi obukhulu bungamacala angaba amasentimitha ayi-15. Amaqabunga aluhlaza e-Velvety agcwele kahle anemiphetho emifushane nemithambo ephuzi nsundu. Izimbali, ezifika kubude obungamasentimitha amane, ziqoqwa kumabhulashi ahamba ebekwe phezulu kwesihlahla. Emphakathini we-corolla ugcwele i-orange kukhona amabala abomvu. Izimbali ziyabonakala, njengomthetho, ehlobo.
I-Smithiantha cinnabarina (Smithiantha cinnabarina)
Lesi sitshalo se-herbaceous singafinyelela ukuphakama kwamasentimitha angama-30. Imide (kufika ku-15 amasentimitha), amapheshana abanzi anemiphetho emincane ambozwe izinwele ezibomvu. Izimbali ezimise okwentsimbi zifinyelela ubude obungamasentimitha angama-4, kanti i-corolla yazo i-tubular. Izimbali ezibomvu zinendawo ephuzi. Aqoqwe ngebhulashi elifanayo nepiramidi, afinyelela ukuphakama kwamasentimitha angama-25. Ekupheleni kwesikhathi sekwindla, lesi sitshalo singaba nezimbali ezingafika ku-100. Izimbali zikhula phezulu kanye nasemaqabunga amaqabunga.
Smithiantha multiflora
Lesi sitshalo esisebenza kakhulu sihlanganisa inqwaba ethambile. Emvelweni, itholakala eMexico futhi ingafinyelela ukuphakama kwamasentimitha angama-30. Amahlamvu enomzimba wenhliziyo futhi aluhlaza ngombala. Izimbali ezimhlophe ezinekhilimu zifinyelela amasentimitha amane ubude. Lolu hlobo luvame ukusetshenziselwa ukudala ama-nzalo. Ngokuvamile, lesi sitshalo siqhakaza ehlobo.
