Izici zokudla nezokwelapha ze-beetroot bezaziwa isikhathi eside. Inani layo lokudla libangelwa okuqukethwe okulinganiselayo kwamavithamini we-B no-C, amaminerali nokusebenza ngokomzimba, okubandakanya i-betaine ne-betanine, etholakala kuphela kuma-beet. Ukugcina leli bhalansi nokunambitheka kwama-beet kuya ngezimo zokutshala kwazo.
Ama-beet amnandi kakhulu futhi anomhluzi atholakala emhlabathini oqinile, ocebile wenhlabathi engathathi hlangothi. Kodwa-ke, umquba omusha awufakwanga ama-beet - anomthelela ekukhuleni kwezitshalo zezimpande, ukunqwabelana kwama-nitrate, okuthikameza ukunambitheka, ukulondolozwa kwama-beet kanye nobuningi obukhulu kuyingozi empilweni yabantu. Ngakho-ke, ama-beet abekwa ngemuva kwezitshalo lapho umquba noma i-humus ngaphansi (ikhukhamba, i-zucchini, iklabishi esivuthiwe namazambane) kukhishwa noma yiziphi imibhede yokuqala (u-anyanisi, utamatisi, uphizi oluhlaza) ekhishwa.
I-Beetroot (i-Beet)© Skånska Matupplevelser
Ukuvuna i-beetroot, ikakhulukazi ukukhiqizwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi, kuya ngokuthi ukutholakala kwe-nitrogen enhlabathini. Ukuthola ama-3-3,5 kg wezitshalo ezimpande kusuka ku-1 sq.m entwasahlobo, i-10-12 g ye-nitrogen (isithako esisebenzayo) yengezwa ukumba. Imithamo emikhulu ye-nitrogen yamaminerali inomthelela ekuqongeleleni i-nitrate. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-beet kufanele angashiswa ngokweqile, ngoba izithombo azikubekezeleli ukuhlanganiswa komanyolo okungaphezulu kwe-0,1%. Ukuntuleka kwe-nitrogen, ikakhulukazi ezigabeni zokuqala zokukhula kwezitshalo, kuvimbela ukumuncwa kwe-phosphorus ne-potassium enhlabathini futhi kunciphise ngqo isivuno se-beet. Ngokushoda kwe-phosphorus, amaqabunga athambile, aluhlaza ngombala omnyama bese ebomvu, lapho kune-potassium encane, kancane kancane aphenduka abe bomvu obumnyama. Ukumiswa kabusha kwamaqabunga kuqala kubonakala lapho kunokuntuleka kwe-magnesium kanye ne-manganese enhlabathini, kanye nenhlabathi ye-acidic (pH ngaphansi kuka-5.0) kanye nenhlabathi ye-alkaline (pH engaphezu kuka-7.5), lapho izitshalo ze-beet zivinjelwe, zingakhuli, zakha amaqabunga amancane abomvu obomvu. Uma i-boron inganele, iphuzu lokukhula liyafa, izitshalo zezimpande zithinteka ngokubola kwenhliziyo, ukubola okuyisisekelo futhi kugcinwe kahle. I-lime, i-phosphoric, i-potash, equkethe umanyolo we-boron ne-magnesium asetshenziswa ekwindla ukumba.
Ikhwalithi yamabheji etafula nayo incike ezinhlobonhlobo. Okuhamba phambili kwizakhiwo zokubukeka nokunambitha yizinhlobo zaphakathi nesizini zohlobo oluhlukahlukene Bordeaux: IBordeaux 237, Imbewu eyi-Bordeaux single, iMbewu eyodwa, engaqhathaniswa (ngesimo esiyimpande esiyindilinga), Isisa (ngesimo se-cylindrical). Abamele izinhlobo UmGibhithe ifulethi: Mushroom flat, EGibhithe flat (ngesakhiwo esinezimpande eziphansi) Ukuvuthwa kusenesikhathi (isikhathi sezimila ezinsukwini ezingama-60-70 kusuka kwizithombo ezinkulu) asiphansi ngekhwalithi futhi kugcina ikhwalithi, kepha kubaluleke kakhulu ekutholeni ukukhiqizwa kweqembu ekuqaleni.
I-Beetroot (i-Beet)Izinhlobo eziningi zamabhungane zakha izinhlobo eziningi (kusuka ezinthweni ezintathu kuya kwezine) imbewu ye-glomerular. Kuhlwanyelwa ngesilinganiso se-1-1.2 g / sq.m bese amahlumela anwetshiwe, kusale amasentimitha ayi-4,5 phakathi kwezitshalo.Ukuhluma okukodwa, iBordeaux enembewu eyodwa, i-TSHA enezinhlobo ezimbili, i-Valenta, i-VIR enesithombo esisodwa, iHawsky) aqukethe imbewu eyodwa noma ezimbili, ihluma ngesithombo esisodwa, futhi imigqa ayidingi ukuncipha. Izinhlobo ezinjalo zihlwanyelwa ku-0.6-0.8 g / sq.m.
Ubungako bezitshalo ezimpande bunqunywa ngobuningi bokutshala. Izindebe ezinkulu, ezingaphezu kuka-10 cm, izitshalo zezimpande zikhula lapho kuhlwanyelwa imbewu engama-30 kuya kwayi-1 sq. M ngokwephethini engu-13- 10 × 25 cm. Ama-beets anjalo awamnandi kangako, ngoba i-xylem ikhula ngokuqinile kuwo (izicubu zokuzala, zimpofu kwezakhi zomzimba) futhi ngaphezulu kuqongelela ama-nitrate nezinye izinto eziyingozi. Amabhetshu asayizi aphakathi atholakala lapho kubuningi bezingcezu ezingama-40-60 / sq.m, futhi amancane (ububanzi kube ngu-3.5-4,5 cm) - ngaphezu kwezingcezu ezingama-60 / sq.m noma lapho ibanga phakathi kwezitshalo zilandelana ka-8-10 no-5. -7 cm, ngokulandelana, ngesikhala esilinganayo esingamasentimitha angama-25. Amabhisikidi amancane angumkhiqizo omuhle kakhulu wokuwafaka.
I-Beetroot (i-Beet)Ama-beet, ikakhulukazi izithombo, awakubekezeleli isomiso somoya. Kwinyanga yokuqala nesigamu, izitshalo ziniselwa kakhulu, okungenani kanye ngesonto. Kungcono ukunisela imibhede kusihlwa, ngaphambi kokushona kwelanga. Kuze kufike ekuvuneni, ama-roll-spacings ahlala ededelwa, ikakhulukazi ngemuva kokunisela noma imvula. Okokuqala, kuya ekujuleni okungama-4 cm, bese kuba ngu-10 cm (ngezinhlobo ezinezitshalo ezimpande ezingama-15 cm ubude). Isizinda esise-basal esiseduze komugqa wobubanzi obuyi-10 cm sishiywa singakafinyeleleki ukuze singalimazi izimpande.
Ukunambitheka kwama-beet beetafula kuthintwa nobudala besitshalo sezimpande, kuya ngesikhathi sokutshala nesikhathi sokuvuna. Ukuze uthole ukukhiqizwa kwasekuqaleni kakhulu ekuqaleni kukaMashi, imbewu emibili ihlwanyelwa emabhodweni, ngo-Ephreli, kanye nembiza, otshalwe ngaphansi kwezindawo zokugcina amafilimu kuvunwe ngoJulayi. Ngaso leso sikhathi, ungathola isivuno kusuka ekuhlwanyeleni ubusika (kusetshenziswa izinhlobo ezingamelana nokuncipha) Bordeaux 237, Ubusika A-474, Cold ukumelana 19) Hlwanyela izigaxa emigqeni ebilungiselelwe ngaphambi kokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo (emgqeni ophakathi nendawo - ngoNovemba) ukuze imbewu ingaqhume. Amarowu kufanele afakwe nge-peat noma nge-humus.
I-Beetroot (i-Beet)AmaBets futhi angatshalwa ngezithombo zezithombo (lokhu kubalulekile uma intwasahlobo ingenabungani, nokubuya okuvame kwesimo sezulu esibandayo, imvula enkulu, noma, ngakolunye uhlangothi, isomiso esinamandla, kanye nangezikhathi zezikhukhula ezidala ukukhukhula kwendawo. Noma kunjalo, impumelelo kungenzeka uma kulandelwa imithetho: imbewu ihlwanyelwa ezimbizeni noma amabhokisi anomhlabathi ovundile ovundile; izithombo embhedeni zitshalwa ngamahlamvu amabili wangempela zingene emhlabathini oswakama ngaphandle kokulimaza i-coma yobumba; lokhu kudluliswa kwenziwa kusihlwa noma esimweni sezulu esinamafu, emva kwalokho izitshalo zibunjiwe izinsuku ezingama-3-5.
Ekusetshenzisweni ekwindla, ama-beetetafula atshalwa ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli (imibhede yokuvikela isithwathwa amasonto amabili kuya kwamathathu embozwe ngefilimu noma ngezinto ezingezona ezilukiwe). Umnqamulajuqu wokuhlwanyela uqhamuka ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi kuya kuJuni 5 (akusekho kamuva, ngoba izitshalo zezimpande ezingcono kakhulu nezihlwabusayo zokubekisa ebusika zenziwa ngezinsuku ezingama-90-110 kusuka kuzithombo enkulu) Ukuvunwa kwama-beet lapho kugcinwa khona ngasekupheleni kukaSepthemba-ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba.
Izinto ezisetshenzisiwe:
- M.Fedorova All-Russian Research Institute of Selection kanye neMbewu Production of Vegetable Crops
