IHyacinthus (Hyacinthus) - isitshalo esihle esinamandla amakhulu esiqhamuka emndenini we-Asparagaceae, siqhakaza entwasahlobo. Kusuka olimini lwesiGrikhi sasendulo igama lihumusha ngokuthi "imbali yemvula", ngoba i-hyacinth eneziqalo zokuqala zemvula yasentwasahlobo. Kepha amaGrikhi abizwa futhi ngokuthi “imbali yosizi” futhi ahlobanisa le mbali no-Apollo nokubulawa kwendodana encane yeNkosi uSparta. Izwe lakulesi sitshalo esihle kakhulu libhekwa njengeMedithera neNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia.
Isiqu esinezimbali ze-hyacinth singaba simangalisa noma siphakeme impela. Ukusuka kokuphuma kwamaqabunga kuphuma i-peduncle enamanzi enezimbali eziningi ezifana nezinsimbi futhi ziqoqwe ngebala. Izimbali zimelelwa ngemithunzi engalindeleki kakhulu. Amaqabunga abushelelezi, anamnyama, aluhlaza okotshani.
Izinhlobo ezithandwayo ze-hyacinth
Onke ama-hyacinths angenzeka angahlukaniswa izinhlobo ezintathu ezinkulu, ezikhula ikakhulukazi emazweni aseMedithera. Yize ama-botanists eqhubeka nokubonisana ngezinhlobo ezithile, efisa ukubabiza njengabazimele, kepha ngokusho kwedatha esemthethweni, izinhlobo ezi-main kuphela ezilandelayo ze-hyacinths zihlukaniswa:
I-Eastern hyacinth (iHyacinthus orientalis) - Uhlobo olwaziwa kakhulu nolusejwayelekile. Kuvela kule zinhlobo ukuthi izinhlobo zokuhlobisa ezidume kakhulu zivela. Endle, ikhula eDalmatia, eGrisi nase-Asia Minor.. Isiqu sezimbali sesitshalo mncane, izimbali azivamile ukutholakala. Izimbali zinombala ohlukile nephunga elimnandi.
I-Hyacinth Litvinova - Umuthi ongapheli otshalwa njalo ngonyaka. Endle, itholakala ezindaweni ezisempumalanga ye-Iran neTurkmenistan. Kulezi zinhlobo, kutholakala izimboni ezinde nezingena ngaphansi. Imbali inhle ngendlela engathekile. Imibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nemibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka iyabusa. Amacembe abanzi kancane kunalawo we-hyacinth wasempumalanga.
I-Trans-Caspian Hyacinth - ineziqu eziphakeme kunalokho, njengomthetho, ama-peduncle amabili. Umbala wezimbali uhlala uluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Endle, itholakala ezintabeni zaseKopetdag.
Ukunakekelwa kwe-Hyacinth ekhaya
IHyacinth ngokuyinhloko isitshalo sengadi. Sifuna ukuyikhulisa ekhaya, kuyadingeka ukuphinda izimo zemvelo ngangokunokwenzeka. Lo msebenzi akusiwona olula, kepha ngokukhuthala okufanele kanye nesifiso, umlimi we-novice naye uyakwazi ukubhekana nalokhu.
Indawo nokukhanyisa
Inketho enhle kakhulu iwindi laseningizimu naseningizimu-mpumalanga. Futhi isizathu uthando olukhulu lokukhanya kwelanga. I-Hyacinth idinga ukukhanya kwemini - okungenani amahora ayi-15 ngosuku. Ngakho-ke, uma uyibeka ohlangothini olusentshonalanga noma olusenyakatho, kuyodingeka usize isitshalo ngamalambu we-fluorescent.
Noma lesi sitshalo sithanda ukukhanya, ukukhanya kwelanga okuqondile kungakulimaza, ngakho-ke kungcono ukutosa amafasitela ngezinsuku ezishisayo zasehlobo noma ususe isitshalo efasiteleni phakathi nosuku. Ngezikhathi ezithile, udinga ukuguqula imbiza nesitshalo ngezindlela ezihlukile.
Ukushisa
Ukushintshwa okubukhali kokushisa nokubanda, okusalungiswa, amabhethri ashisayo - konke lokhu kuyithinta kabi imbali. Okufanelekela kakhulu ukukhula kwe-hyacinth okunethezekileko kungukushisa kwama-20- 22 degrees. Kodwa, uma unikezwe ukuthi le mbali ngokuyinhloko ibekwe njengensimu, khona-ke ukuhlala emgwaqweni noma kuvulandi ngenkathi efudumele kuzomzuzisa kuphela.
Ukunisela nomswakama
Isitshalo sidinga ukuthambisa njalo, kepha ngomusa. Ukunisela kumele kwenziwe ngokucophelela. Uma amanzi engxenyeni ethile yesitshalo, ukuvela kwale ngxenye kungaqala futhi ngenxa yalokho, i-hyacinth izokufa. Inketho ephephile ukunisela ngokucwiliswa, futhi kungcono ukwenqaba amathini ukuthambisa. Amanzi kufanele afudumele, athambile futhi axazululwe.
I-Hyacinth ayidingi ukufafazwa. Futhi uma iqhakaza - kuvame ukuphikiswa!
Inhlabathi
Ukwakheka kwenhlabathi efanelekile ye-hyacinth kuzoba umugqa womhlabathi onamaqabunga, humus, Peat, umhlaba we-turf nesihlabathi. Konke lokhu kumele kuhlanganiswe izingxenye ezilinganayo.
Umanyolo kanye nomanyolo
I-Hyacinth ihlala idinga ukugqoka okuphezulu. Njengomanyolo, ungasebenzisa noma iyiphi indawo yonke yezitshalo zasendlini. Ama-hyacinths engadini, umanyolo ungafakwa kokubili ngesimo esomile nangendlela encibilikile. Kepha ngaphambi kokufaka umanyolo owuketshezi, lesi sitshalo kumele siniselwe.
Ukukhetha kwe-Bulb kanye ne-Hyacinth distillation
Ukuze uthole imbali enhle ngokuzayo, ama-hyacinth ama-bulacinth kufanele athengwe kuphela ezitolo ezikhethekile ezethembekile. Lapho uthenga ama-bulbs, udinga ukuhlola ngokucophelela futhi uqiniseke ukuthi awonakali futhi awaguli. Isitshalo esinempilo sizokhula kuphela ngaphansi kwesibalo sokuqina futhi esibushelelezi, esinentamo namahlombe acacile. Ezimweni eziningi, umbala wesikali ne-bulb uqondana ne-inflorescence yesikhathi esizayo. Ubukhulu be-bulb abuvezi njalo ikhwalithi yekhwalithi yayo, noma kunjalo, uma ubukhulu bawo bungaphansi kuka-5 cm, lokhu kuyinkomba enhle. Isikhathi esihle sokuthenga ama-bulbs ukuphela kwehlobo.
Uma uzothenga isitshalo esidala, kudingeka uhlole ngokucophelela amaqabunga nesiqu se-hyacinth. Isiqu kufanele sime siqonde, amaqabunga kufanele abheke phezulu, futhi i-peduncle akufanele ihlulwe.
Ungazithola kanjani izimbali ngesikhathi esifanele
Ukuze uthole isiqu sezimbali ze-chic kusuka ku-bulb, udinga ukuhlinzeka isitshalo ukupholile kwalokhu ekwindla. Ngalesi sikhathi, umbuso wokushisa kufanele ube ngaphakathi kwamazinga okushisa angama-5-9. Lokhu kungatholakala ngokuthumela lesi sitshalo egumbini elingaphansi noma eshalofini eliphansi esiqandisini. Futhi ukuthuthukisa umphumela, isibani emhlabathini singakwazi ukugoqwa esikhwameni se-opaque. Vele, ukunakekelwa ngalesi sikhathi kuncishisiwe. Ngokumangazayo, izimo ezinjalo nje zilungile ekukhuleni okusebenzayo kwe-hyacinth. Lokhu kuhlala, njengomthetho, izinyanga ezi-2.
Lapho kuvela ihlumela (elingaba ngu-5 cm), lesi sitshalo sidinga "intwasahlobo", okungukuthi, umbuso wezinga lokushisa udinga ukushintshwa ube ngama-degrees ayi-13- 13. Kuleliqondo lokushisa, kufanele ligcinwe kuze kube yilapho kuvela amahlumela okuqala. Futhi ngokubukeka kwabo, i-hyacinth idinga izinga lokushisa lama-20-22 degrees. Ukushintshwa kokushisa kumele kube bushelelezi, uma kungenjalo imbali ingafa noma izobukeka ibuhlungu.
Ukunakekelwa kwe-Hyacinth ngemuva kokuqhakaza izimbali
Ngemuva kokuqhakaza, ngesikhathi sokuwa, into ebaluleke kakhulu ye-hyacinth umbuso ofanele wokushisa. Ukunisela kufanele kube ngokulinganayo. Lapho ukuhlanzeka kubuna futhi amaqabunga awo ephela, sekuyisikhathi sokukhipha isibani. I-peduncle namaqabunga kufanele asikwe, abambe isibani. Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka ngoJuni.
I-bulb kufanele ihlolwe ngokucophelela uma kunesidingo (noma ngezinjongo zokuvimbela) ukubulala amagciwane. Futhi-ke, ukushintsha umbuso wokushisa kusuka kuma-30 kuye kwangama-17 degrees, kugcine kuze kube yilapho amaqabunga ewa.
Ukutshala iHyacinth Embizeni
Lapho utshala i-hyacinth, kuvunyelwe ukubeka ama-bulbs aze abe ngu-3 ebhodweni elilodwa (osayizi bawo ayabhekelelwa). Ama bulbs awakwazi ukuxhumana nezindonga zembiza futhi nomunye - kufanele kube 2 cm phakathi kwawo.Amabhodwe kufanele abe ngosayizi ophakathi. Amadayiphu athelelwa phansi embizeni - angaba yisihlabathi somfula, okufanele sithathe u-2 cm embizeni. Ingaphezulu le-bulb kufanele lenyuswe ngenhla komhlabathi. Ngemuva kokutshala, i-substrate kufanele icindezelwe, ithulule bese ifafazwa ngesihlabathi. Ngemuva kwalokho imbiza idinga ukufakwa esikhwameni, iboshwe, kodwa ngaphambili yenza izimbobo eziningana kuyo futhi isuswe endaweni emnyama epholile.
Ezinye zikhulisa ama-hyacinths angenamhlabathi emanzini. Le ndlela yangempela impela, kepha okufuneka kuqala kumanyolo wamaminerali ancibilikisiwe emanzini. Isibani se-hyacinth kufanele sibe ngaphezulu kwesitsha, sithinte amanzi kancanyana. Isikhathi esithile, kufanele abe egumbini elimnyama nelipholile. Futhi lapho kufika izimpande, isitshalo kufanele sithuthelwe egumbini eliqhakazile.
Ukusakazeka kwe-Hyacinth ekhaya
Kunezindlela eziningana zokusakaza ama-hyacinths. Ekhaya, kufanelekile: ama-bulbs, izingane nezikali. Ngendlela yemvelo, kusuka ku-bulb eyodwa, ungathola izingane ezifika ku-5 ngesikhathi sokukhula. Ukuthola imiphumela ephezulu usebenzisa indlela yokufakwa kwe-bulb. Inqubo idinga ushintsho ezimweni zokushisa kanye nokwelashwa okujwayelekile nge-fungicide. Kodwa uma konke kwenziwa kahle, khona-ke ngemuva kwezinyanga ezintathu ama-anyanisi amancane aqinisekisiwe ukuthi avele.
Izifo Nezinambuzane
Izinambuzane eziphambili ze-hyacinths: ama-aphid, ama-spips, ama-spider izibungu, isiqu kanye nenyongo nematode, izimpukane zezimbali. Bayakwazi ukubhubhisa isitshalo - amaqabunga aphenduka aphuzi, aphelelwe amandla, ihlumela liwele, ama abolile bese ebola. Esimweni ngasinye, izindlela zalo zokulawula, kepha eziningi zazo zihambisana nokusetshenziswa kwama-insecticides.
Ngaphezu kwezinambuzane, izitha ze-hyacinths yizifo ezahlukahlukene ezingaba ezingatheleleki, ezithathelanayo, ezibangelwa amagciwane, ezingamagciwane kanye nesikhunta ngokwemvelo. Okuyingozi kakhulu futhi kuyingozi ukubola kwamagciwane okuphuzi nokubola okuthambile kwamagciwane. Kwisitshalo esinesifo, amaqabunga aphenduka amnyama futhi omile kusuka phezulu. Kuvela imichiza enamanzi ne-brown emithanjeni yamaqabunga nakulwelwe. Okokuqala, kuvela amabala ophuzi kumabala, bese amarobheli wonke aqala ukushisa iphunga. Isitshalo esinjalo asinakusindiswa. Isitshalo esinegciwane kanye ne-bulb kufanele kushiswe, bese umgodi uphathwa nge-formalin noma nge-bleach.
Izinkinga ezikhulayo ze-Hyacinths
Uma i-hyacinth inganakekelwa kahle, khona-ke kungavela lezi zinkinga ezilandelayo:
- IHyacinth iyayeka ukuqhakaza. Imvamisa lokhu kungenxa yokwephulwa kombuso wokushisa. Isitshalo asithandi amazinga okushisa aphezulu kakhulu.
- Amacembe esitshalo aphenduka aphuzi. Imvamisa lokhu kwenzeka ngokumelene nesizinda sokunisela okungafanele noma ngenxa yokusalungiswa.
- Amaqabunga ayaphela. Lokhu kungenxa yokuntuleka kokukhanya kwemvelo.
- Amahlumela ayawa. Lokhu kungenxa yokunisela okungafanele. Kumele kwenziwe ngokucophelela ukuze amanzi angawi kwi-peduncle.
- Izimbali ziyabola. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho isitshalo "sithandwa" kakhulu (siniselwa kakhulu).
IHyacinth isitshalo esingenakuzithoba. Ngokunakekelwa okufanele ekhaya, ngeke sibe khona isizathu esithile sokukhathazeka. Ingakhula ngempumelelo ngabalimi bobabili abanolwazi nabaqalayo.
