ICrocus, noma isafroni, uhlobo lwezitshalo ezinama-herbaceous zomndeni wakwa-Iris. Endle, lesi sitshalo sitholakala eningizimu, enkabeni nasenyakatho yeYurophu, eMpumalanga Ephakathi, eMedithera, eCentral nase-Asia Minor. Ama-Crocuses akhetha ukukhula emahlathini, emaqeleni nasezimeleni. Kunencazelo yezinhlobo ezingama-80 zalesi sitshalo, kanye nezinhlobo ezingama-300. Igama "crocus" livela egameni lesiGrikhi, elihumusha ngokuthi "umucu, intambo." Igama "isafroni" livela egameni lesi-Arabhu elihunyushwe ngokuthi "ophuzi", lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izihlazo zezimbali zingezombala onjalo. Isisho salesi sitshalo satholakala ku-papyrus yaseGibhithe, bobabili odokotela nezazi zefilosofi babhala nge-crocus. Namuhla, isitshalo esinjalo sithandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabalimi, ngoba siphakathi kwama-primroses amahle kakhulu (izimbali zasentwasahlobo zokuqala). Kepha bambalwa abantu abaziyo ukuthi kunenqwaba yezinhlobo zezitshalo ezinjalo, eziqhakaza ekwindla.
Izici ze-Crocus
I-Crocus isitshalo esimile, ukuphakama kwawo, njengomthetho, kungeqi amasentimitha ayi-10. Amabhulethi ububanzi afinyelela ku-30 mm, anesimo esiyindilinga noma sokuzibopha. Ingaphezulu lezinhlamvu limbozwe isikali, futhi nazo zinenqwaba yezimpande ze-fibrous. Amahlumela wesitshalo esinjalo awukhuli. Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza noma emva kwaso, izingcezu zamaqabunga ashibhile asesilinganisweni sikhula, ziqoqwa ngesigaxa futhi simbozwe yizikali. Izimbali ezimise okwenziwe nge-goblet eyodwa ububanzi zifinyelela ku-20-50 mm. Izimbali zingapendwa ngo-ukhilimu, onsomi, ophuzi, omhlophe, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, onsomi noma owolintshi. Ziyaqhakaza kwi-peduncle emfishane engenamaqabunga futhi zizungezwe isikali esilinganayo. Kunezinhlobonhlobo lapho umbala wezimbali u-bicolor noma amabala. Isikhathi sokuqhakaza kweziningi sisukela ezinsukwini eziyi-15 kuye kwezingu-20. Zonke izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo zesitshalo zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu ayi-15.
Ukutshala kweCrocus emhlabathini ovulekile
Isikhathi sokutshala
Izinhlobo zezimbali zama-crocuse ezigeleza entwasahlobo kufanele zitshalwe emhlabathini ovulekile ekwindla. Lezo zinhlobo eziqhakaza ekwindla zitshalwa ehlobo. Indawo yokutshala kumele ikhethwe ikhanyiswe kahle, noma kunjalo, izimbali ezinjalo zikhula kahle endaweni efaneleyo noma emthunzini. Inhlabathi efanelekayo yamakhwele kufanele yomile, ilula, ixege futhi igcwale izakhamzimba. Lapho ulungiselela indawo yokutshala enhlabathini ukuthola amanzi, kunconywa ukuthi kwethulwe isihlabathi somfula noma amatshe amatshe amancane. Njengendaba yezinto eziphilayo enhlabathini yokumba, umquba obolile, umquba noma umquba nge-peat kufanele wengezwe, iqiniso ngukuthi le primrose ayikhuli kahle enhlabathini acidic. Uma inhlabathi ingubumba, lokhu kulungiswa ngokufaka umlotha wokhuni kuyo. Kunezinhlobo ezingeke zikhule emhlabathini omanzi, ngakho ochwepheshe zibacebisa ukuthi benze imibhede ephakeme lapho ungqimba lwedamu lwenziwe ngohlobo lwamatshe noma amatshe. Ukuhlolwa kwezinto zokutshala kuyenziwa, akufanele kulimele noma kube namaphutha.
Ukufika kwe-Autumn
Uma ama ama atshalwe enhlabathini evulekile ngoSepthemba, khona-ke ukuqhakaza kwezimbali kungabonakala entwasahlobo. Amabhule atshalwe enhlabathini evundile, kuyilapho kufanele ilungiswe ekujuleni okunjalo okuphindwe izikhathi ezimbalwa kunenani lazo. Uma ukutshala kwenziwa enhlabathini esindayo, lapho-ke kuyodingeka ukujulisa isibani ngomunye waso kuphela. Phakathi kwama-bulbs, ngokwesilinganiso, ibanga lamasentimitha ayi-7 000 kufanele libonwe. Izimbali ezitshaliwe zidinga ukuthambisa okuningi. Ama-Crocuses akufanele atshalwe eduzane kakhulu, ngoba kunconyelwa ukuba azikhulise endaweni efanayo iminyaka engu-3-5, ngokuhamba kweminyaka ikoloni yezingane ivela ku-bulb, futhi indawo ngokwayo iba ukhaphethi wezimbali oqhubekayo. Ngemuva kweminyaka emihlanu, lezi zimbali zitshalwa.
Ukuphoqelela ukufika
Abalimi abaningi bathanda ukutshala izimbali zasengadini ebusika emazingeni okushisa asekamelweni. Indlela elula yokukhula ngale ndlela ene-bulbous, ehlanganisa izingwenya. Abatshali abanokuhlangenwe nakho bayalulekwa ukuba bakhethe izinhlobo zama-Dutch ezinamanzi amakhulu ukuze ziphuzo zazihluzwa. Kukhethwe ama-bulbs ayi-5-10, okufanele abe nobukhulu obufanayo. Zitshalwe ebhodweni eli-1, okungafanele ukuthi zijule kakhulu, kepha zibanzi ngokwanele, ngenxa yokutshala okunjalo uzokhulisa yonke inqwaba yezimbali ezinhle. Ukugcwalisa izimbiza zezimbali, kusetshenziswa inhlabathi evulekile, engathathi hlangothi evumela ukuthi amanzi nomoya kudlule kahle.
Amabhuleki afakiwe awadingi ukulahlwa. Banikezwa ukuthambisa okujwayelekile kanye nokugqoka okuphezulu ngesisombululo esibuthakathaka kukamanyolo wamaminerali oyinkimbinkimbi wezitshalo zasendlini. Ngemuva kokuba amahlamvu eqale ukuguqula umbala wawo abe ophuzi, kunciphisa kancane kancane ukuthambisa kuze kube kuyeka. Lapho amahlamvu esomile ngokuphelele, ama-bulbs kufanele akhishwe esitsheni. Lapho izinsalela zesisekelo esingezansi zisuswa kubo, kufanele zigoqwe ngama-napkins zifakwe ebhokisini lekhadibhodi. Izinto zokutshala zihlanza endaweni emnyama, eyomile, lapho izogcinwa khona kuze kufike ukutshala enhlabathini evulekile ekwindla.
Ukunakekelwa kwe-crocus yangaphandle
Ukunakekela izingwenya kulula kakhulu. Badinga ukunisela kuphela uma ebusika kwakungekho iqhwa, futhi entwasahlobo - imvula. Ukuphakama kwale mibala kuncike ekutheni bathola umswakama ongakanani. Kodwa kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi leli siko lembali limelana nesomiso. Ingaphezulu lomhlabathi esakhiweni kufanele lidambulwe ngokuhlelekile, ngenkathi kukhipha bonke utshani bokhula.
Ngesikhathi sokukhula okuthe xaxa, kufanele kudliwe ama-crocus, futhi kukhunjulwe ukuthi izinto eziphilayo azinakungezwa emhlabathini. Izitshalo ezinjalo zisabela kahle ekuhlanganiseni ngomanyolo wamaminerali, futhi ikakhulukazi zidinga i-potassium ne-phosphorus. Ngamanyolo aqukethe i-nitrogen, umuntu kufanele aqaphele, ngoba ngenxa yenani elikhulu le-nitrogen enhlabathini esimweni sezulu esinethwa yimvula, izingwenya zingaba nesifo sokukhunta. Okokuqala ngqa ngenkathi ethile, izimbali zondliwa ekuqaleni kwesikhathi sentwasahlobo eqhweni, kusetshenziswa umanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi wamaminerali kulokhu (amagremu angama-30 kuya kwayi-40 athathwa ngemitha elilodwa lesikwele). Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, i-crocus ifakwa okwesibili ngomanyolo ofanayo, kodwa kufanele iqukathe nitrogen engaphansi.
Lapho amaqabunga ezimpondweni eziqhakaza entwasahlobo eba ophuzi, ngeke adinge ukubhekelwa kuze kube yilapho sekuwa, impela, uma kungesona isikhathi sokususa ama inhlabathi emhlabathini. Izinhlobo ezaqhakaza ekwindla zizohlobisa ingadi yakho ngezimbali zazo ezinhle ngoSepthemba.
Ukufakelwa kweCrocus
Ukumba ama-ebusika akudingekile njalo ngonyaka. Kodwa-ke, ochwepheshe batusa ukwenza lokhu kanye njalo eminyakeni emi-3 noma emi-4 phakathi nenkathi yehlobo, lapho kubhekwa isikhathi sokuhlala kulezi zitshalo. Iqiniso ngukuthi ngalesi sikhathi kunokukhuphuka okukhulu kosayizi bebele likanina, ngoba ligcwele inani elikhulu lamabhu endodakazi. Ngokuya ngezinhlobonhlobo nohlobo lwe-crocus, ama-bulbs ayi-1-10 akhiwa ku-bulb yayo njalo ngonyaka. Izinhlamvu ziba maningi kakhulu, okukhombisa ngokuncipha kosayizi wezimbali.
Yisiphi isikhathi esingcono kakhulu sokumba ama-bulbs? Njengomthetho, kunconywa ukuthi izithombo zitshalwe njalo kanye eminyakeni engama-3-5. Uma udinga ukuthola izinto zokutshala ke le nqubo ingenziwa kaningi. Ngokuya ngezinhlobonhlobo nohlobo lwesitshalo, ukumbiwa kwezingwenya eziqhakaza entwasahlobo kwenziwa esikhathini kusuka kuJulayi kuya kuSeptemba, kanye nokuqhakaza kwetimbali ekwindla - kusuka ngoJuni kuya ku-Agasti.
Ngemuva kokuba u-anyanisi owembiwe womile, kufanele uhlanzwe esikalini esingenaphutha nezimpande ezifile. Susa wonke ama athintwe yilesi sifo, futhi uphathe ukulimala kwemishini ekhona ngomlotha wezinkuni noma namalahle achotshoziwe. Amabhuleki agcinwa endaweni epholile neyomile, lapho azosala khona kuze kube isikhathi sokutshala enhlabathini evulekile.
Ukusakazeka kweCrocus
Ungazisakaza kanjani izimbali ezinjalo ngezingane noma ngamadodakazi endodakazi, ahlukaniswe isibani somzali ngesikhathi sokufakelwa, kuchazwe kabanzi ngenhla. Amabhu ahlukanisiwe atshalwe enhlabathini evulekile ngendlela efanayo nasendaweni yokutshala kokuqala. Ngemuva kokuthi i-bulb yendodakazi ehlukanisiwe itshalwe emhlabathini ovulekile, ukuqhakaza kwayo kokuqala, kuye ngezinhlobonhlobo nezinhlobo, kungabonakala ngemuva kweminyaka emithathu noma engu-4.
Ukusabalalisa izingwenya eziqhakaza intwasahlobo, kusetshenziswa indlela yembewu. Kepha njengoba izitshalo ezikhule kusuka ezinhlanyelweni okokuqala kuphela emva kweminyaka engama-4-5, le ndlela yokuzala ayithandwa kakhulu ngabalimi. Ezingubeni eziqhakaza ekwindla futhi zikhula maphakathi nethambeka, imbewu ayinaso isikhathi sokuvuthwa ngaphambi kobusika.
Izilokazane nezifo ezingama-Crocus
Uma umlimi egcina yonke imithetho yobuchwepheshe bezolimo, khona-ke lezi zitshalo ngeke zivame ukugula noma zithinteke yizilokazane ezahlukahlukene. Amagundane asensimini, awasebenzisa njengokudla, ayingozi enkulu kakhulu kuma-crocus bulbs. Ngakho-ke, ukushiya izinhlamvu ezikhishwe enhlabathini emgaqweni kunganakekelwa akunconywa. Abalimi abanokuhlangenwe nakho bayelulekwa ukuba bazifake ekufakweni kwamaqanda, lapho zingangena khona ngokukhululeka kumaseli.
Kwezinye izimo, uma ubukwa kuma-bulbs, ungabona izimbobo ezenziwa izibungu ze-nutcracker (wireworm). Lesi sinambuzane silukhuni kakhulu ekuthinteni futhi sinombala ophuzi. Uma kunenqwaba yama-wireworms, abalimi abanolwazi bese beluleka, ngezinsuku zokugcina zika-Ephreli noma ezokuqala - ngoMeyi, ukubeka amasigaqa amaningi otshani otshanini ngonyaka odlule, hhayi otshanini obuningi noma otshanini. Lezi zinqwaba kufanele zitholwe zithambile, kanti ngaphezulu kufanele kuvalwe ngamabhodi. Lapho izinambuzane zingena kwizicupho, ziyakhishwa futhi zichithwe. Uma lokhu kudingeka, bese uyaphinda inqubo. AmaCroccas nawo athanda ukudla kuma-slgs. Badinga ukuqoqwa ngesandla, bese babhujiswa.
Kufanele futhi kukhunjulwe ukuthi lesi sitshalo sikhula kahle ngokuzilwanyaza, ngakho-ke izingwenya zingakhula ezindaweni ezingafanele kakhulu kulokhu, bese isitshalo esitshaliwe siphenduka ukhula olucasulayo.
Kwesinye isikhathi, phezu kwembali yezimbali ungabona isitshalo sinezimbali ezinesimo esithambile, futhi ebusweni beziphalingi kukhona amabala ansundu. Kodwa-ke, izimbali ezinjalo azivuli ngokuphelele. Lezi yizimpawu zesifo segciwane esivame ukudluliselwa ngama-thrips, amagundane kanye nama-aphid. Izithasiselo ezithintekayo kufanele zisuswe ngokushesha endaweni futhi zishiswe, ezizomisa ukusakazeka kwezifo. Indawo lapho izimbali ezithintwe yilesi sifo zitholakala khona kufanele ichithwe ngesisombululo esinamandla kakhulu se-potanganum permanganate, okufanele sishise.
Uma unakekela lesi sitshalo ngokungafanele noma wephula imithetho yezolimo, isitshalo singagula kalula ngezifo zokukhunta ezifana ne-penicillosis, grey ne-sclerotic bola, kanye ne-fusarium. Uma kunesimo sezulu esifudumele, esisishisayo, khona-ke amathuba okuba izingwenya zigule ngalezi zifo zanda kakhulu. Ngezinhloso zokuvimbela, kubalulekile ukwenza uhlolo olunzulu lwezinhlamvu ezitholakele, uma, lapho ama-bulbs esuswa emhlabathini, kwavela amanxeba kuwo, khona-ke kufanele afafazwe ngomlotha wokhuni bese womiswa endaweni yokushisa yegumbi. Ngaphambi kokutshala izingwenya emhlabathini ovulekile, izinto zokutshala kumele zifakwe phakathi, ngoba lokhu, isisombululo sokulungiselela fungicidal siyasetshenziswa.
Amakhakhasi ngemuva kokuqhakaza
Ngokuvamile abalimi abangenalwazi umbuzo ophakamayo, benzeni ngezingwenya ezisangene? Ama-peduncle anezimbali ezinwebekile kudingeka asikwe, kepha amaqabunga kufanele ashiywe, ayohlobisa ingadi amasonto amaningi. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, amahlamvu ayo aphuzi futhi abune.
Ngemuva kokuba amahlamvu omile ngokuphelele ngokwemvelo, ama-bulbs ezinhlobo eziqhakaza entwasahlobo kufanele asuswe enhlabathini. Zomile futhi zibekelwe ukugcinwa kuze kube uSepthemba, bese ziphinda zitshalwe esizeni. Sekuvele ukuthi asikho isidingo sokwenza le nqubo minyaka yonke. Uma izimbali zitshalwe emhlabathini ovulekile ongaphansi kweminyaka emithathu edlule, futhi ingaphezulu lomhlabathi lisabonakala phakathi kwezihlahla, khona-ke ukutshala kungashiywa. Kulokhu, kunconywa ukugcwalisa ingaphezulu lesayithi ngesendlalelo esikhulu se-mulch (amahlamvu owomile noma i-peat) ebusika.
Ngabe udinga isikhathi esingakanani ukugaya ama-bulbs
Ezingubeni eziqhakaza entwasahlobo, ukuqala komjikelezo waminyaka yonke kuba emavikini okugcina ebusika noma awokuqala - entwasahlobo, lapho amahlamvu ekhula kuwo. Cishe maphakathi noJuni, aqala isikhathi sokuphumula. Ekwindla, lezi zimbali ziphinde "zivuke", ziqala ukubutha ngentshiseko izakhamzimba futhi zakhe nohlelo lwezimpande. Futhi ngalesi sikhathi, ukuphela kokumiswa kwendawo yokuvuselela kuyaphawulwa. Kungakho, lapho isitshalo sinesikhathi esimanzi, amahlamvu aso kufanele abe akaqinile. Ukumba noma ukutshala ama izinhlobo zezimbali ezigeleza entwasahlobo kuyadingeka ngesikhathi sokuwa, noma kunalokho, kusuka engxenyeni yesibili kaJuni kuze kube ngamaviki okugcina ehlobo.
Ukuqala komjikelezo we-crocus, ukuqhuma ekwindla, kuvame ukuwa ngo-Agasti. Okokuqala, izithombo ziyaqhakaza, bese amahlamvu akhula, ngasikhathi sinye, ukwakheka komhlume wokumila kuyabonakala. Isikhathi sokuphumula sezimbali ezinjalo ziqala emavikini ama-4 ngaphambili kunezinhlobo eziqhakaza entwasahlobo. Uma kunesidingo esinjalo, khona-ke ukukhishwa kwezingwenya kusuka enhlabathini kufanele kusuka ezinsukwini zokuqala zikaJuni kuya engxenyeni yesibili ka-Agasti.
Ungawagcina kanjani ama-bulbs
Amabhuleki ambiwa afakwe endaweni enomthunzi ukuze yomiswe. Ngemuva kwalokho basusa izinsalela zenhlabathi, isikali esifile nezimpande. Ngemuva kwalokho zibekwa ebhokisini noma ebhokisini, zibekwe ungqimba olulodwa. U-anyanisi omncane kakhulu ungafakwa emabhokisini e-uswidi. Ekamelweni lapho kuzogcinwa khona ama kuze kufinyelele ku-Agasti, izinga lokushisa lomoya kufanele okungenani libe ngama-degrees angama-22, ngaphandle kwalokho inqubo yokubeka imbali yezimbali izophazamiseka. Ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti, amazinga okushisa egumbini kufanele ancishiswe abe ngama-20 degrees, kuthi ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-7 - abe ngama-15 degrees. Kodwa-ke, lezi zimo zokugcina ezisezingeni elifanele zokutshala impahla yeengwenya kwesinye isikhathi zingakhiwa kuphela emapulazini akhethekile. Abalimi be-Amateur, bokugcina ama-bulbs, khetha igumbi elomile, elimnyama elingene kahle, kuyilapho izinga lokushisa lomoya lapho kufanele libe lokushisa kwekamelo.
Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo zama-crocuses anezithombe namagama
Kukhona inani elikhulu lezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-crocus, ezihlukaniswe ngezigaba ngamaqembu ayi-15. Iqembu lokuqala lahlanganisa lezo zinhlobo eziqhakaza ekwindla, kanti amaqembu ayi-14 asele aqukethe izinhlobo nezinhlobo kuphela eziqhakaza intwasahlobo. Ngenxa ye-crocus yasentwasahlobo, kuzalwa izinhlobo eziningi zokuzala nzalo nezinhlobonhlobo, futhi eziningi zazo zazivela eHolland. Izinhlobo ezithandwa kakhulu zentengiso ziqokwa njengeqembu lama-nzalo amaDashi. Okunye futhi okuthandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabalimi yiqembu lezinhlobo zezentengiso ezibizwa ngokuthi iChrysanthus - nzalo phakathi kwamagagasi agcwele izimbali ezimbili nohlobo lwawo. Ngezansi kuzochazwa kafushane amaqembu we-crocus, kanye nezinye izinhlobo zawo.
Izinhlobo eziqhakaza izimbali ezingamahlobo entwasahlobo
I-Spring Crocus (Crocus vernus)
Ukuphakama kwalesi sitshalo cishe ngamasentimitha ayi-17. Ingaphezulu lesikhonkwane esimbozwe embozwe embozwe isikali sombhalo. Amapuleti amaqabunga amfishane amada anombala oluhlaza okotshani, ngenkathi ebusweni bawo kukhona umucu omude wombala wesiliva elimhlophe.Izimbali ezimise okomhlotshana webhele ezinethhubhu ende zipendwe ngombala omhlophe noma onsomi. Kwisibani esisodwa, kukhula izimbali ezi-1 noma ezi-2. Ukuqhakaza kwezimbali kuyabonakala entwasahlobo, futhi kuthatha izinsuku ezingaba ngu-20. Kwenziwe kusukela ngo-1561.
I-crocus enezimbali ezimbili (iCrocus biflorus)
Endle, kungahlangatshezwa kusuka e-Iran kuye e-Italy, kanye naseCrimea naseCaucasus. Lesi sitshalo sinezindlela ezahlukahlukene zemvelo: ezinezimbali ezingama-lilish-lilac, kukhona amabala ansundu endaweni engaphandle yezithanga; izimbali ezimhlophe; ngezimbali ezimhlophe ngemicu yombala onsomi onsomi; enezimbali brown-violet ngaphandle nomhlophe ngaphakathi. I-pharynx yezimbali ipendiwe ophuzi noma omhlophe.
I-Golden Crocus (iCrocus chrysanthus)
Emvelweni, le nhlobo itholakala emithambekeni ngamatshe e-Asia Minor naseBalkan. Ukuphakama kwesitshalo esinjalo akudluli amasentimitha angama-20. I-bulb inesakhiwo esiyindilinga. Amapuleti eshidi amancanyana kakhulu. Izimbali eziphuzi-zegolide zinama-perianth perianths, ingaphandle lawo licwebezelayo. Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezulu kwendawo yezilwane ezifuywayo ezine-tan noma imichilo yombala onsundu. Amakholomu abomvu ngombala, kanti ama-anthers awolintshi. Ukuqhakaza kwezimbali kuyabonakala ngo-Ephreli, futhi ubude bawo yizinsuku ezingama-20. Ikhiqizwe kusukela ngo-1841. Izinhlobo ezilandelayo zithandwa kakhulu:
- I-Blue bonnet. Ubude bezimbali bubalelwa ku-30 mm, ipharynx iphuzi, kanti i-perianth iphuzi ngokuhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
- I-Nanette. Ebusweni bangaphandle bezimbali ezinephunga elimnandi, kukhona imivimbo ebubende.
- I. G. Amathumbu. Izimbali ezinkulu kakhulu zinendawo yangaphandle enombala onsundu futhi ziphuzi ngokuphuzi - ngaphakathi.
ICrocus Tomasini (iCrocus tommasinianus)
Emvelweni, le nhlobo itholakala emazweni owawuyiYugoslavia neHungary, kanti lezi zimbali zithanda ukukhula emagqumeni nasemahlathini aqatha. Amaqabunga ePerianth angama-lilac-pink, angaba nomngcele omhlophe onqenqemeni. Izimbali ezivulekile zinomumo wenkanyezi nomphimbo omhlophe. Ishubhu lezimbali lipendiwe mhlophe. Ukusuka kwesinye isibani kuze kufike kwizimbali ezi-3 zingakhiwa, ezifika kubude obuyi-60 mm. Izimbali zibonwa ngo-Ephreli izinsuku ezingama-20. Lolu hlobo selulinyiwe kusukela ngo-1847, kanti luphakathi kokuthandwa kakhulu. Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu:
- Ubuhle be-laylek. Izimbali zivulekile kakhulu, cishe ziyisicaba, ububanzi zifinyelela cishe ku-30 mm. Ama-Anthers aphuzi, ama-lobes amancanyana anokuma okuhlanganisiwe okuphakathi, okungaphezulu kwawo kungu-lilac, kuthi okungaphakathi kube nombala we-paler.
- I-Whitewell perple. Izimbali ezinkulu ezivulwe kahle zicishe zifane, zidwetshwe ngombala onsomi, futhi ububanzi zifinyelela ku-40 mm. Amasheya abo ancishisiwe. Ubude be-tube emhlophe bufika ku-35 mm.
Futhi abalimi bahlakulela lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo zamakhwela aqhakaza entwasahlobo: ama-hang-leaved, anetha, iCrimea, i-Korolkova, i-Imperate, i-Sieber, i-yellow, i-Geufel, i-Ankir, i-Alataevsky, i-Adamu, i-Corsican, i-Dalmatia, i-Etruscan, i-fleischer, i-Mal kanye nezincane.
Izimbali eziqhakaza ekwindla
I-Crocus enhle (i-Crocus speciosus)
Lolu hlobo luthanda ukukhula emaphethelweni amahlathi ezindaweni ezisezintabeni eziseBalkan, eCrimea nase-Asia Minor. Ubude bamapuleti amaqabunga bungamamitha ayi-0.3. Izimbali ze-Violet-lilac ububanzi zingafinyelela ku-70 mm, ebusweni bazo kukhona imithambo emide ngombala onsomi, ukuqhakaza kuqala emasontweni okuqala ekwindla. Itshaliwe kusukela ngo-1800. Kunezinhlobo zamagadi, izimbali zawo zidwetshwe ngombala omhlophe, o-lilac, ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka omnyama, ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka onsomi. Izinhlobo ezilandelayo zithandwa kakhulu:
- I-Albus. Izimbali zimhlophe, kanti ishubhu inombala okhilimu.
- I-Artabir. Umbala wezimbali ubhakabhaka oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Phezu kwamabhuleki kunemithambo emnyama.
- Oksinan. Izimbali zipendiwe ngombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Zine-perianth ebanzi emnyama, kanye namaqabunga abukhali.
I-Pretty Crocus (uCrocus pulchellus)
Lokhu kubukwa kuyamangaza kakhulu. Phezu kwezimbali ezimbala onsomi kukhona imivimbo emnyama. Ngobubanzi, izimbali zifinyelela ku-60-80 mm, futhi ukuphakama kwawo kungalingana no-70-100 mm. Izimbali ezi-5 kuya kweziyi-10 zikhula esihlahleni esisodwa, bese zivula ngoSepthemba nango-Okthoba. Lolu hlobo alwesabi ama-frost amnene.
I-Crocus banatus (uCrocus banaticus)
Lolu hlobo lutholakala ngokwemvelo eRomania, eCarpathians kanye naseBalkan. Lolu hlobo lwaqanjwa ngegama lesifunda esingumlando seBanat, esiseRomania. Ubude bamapuleti amaqabunga aqondile cishe angamasentimitha ayi-15, futhi badwetshwa ngombala onsomi osempunga. Izimbali ezinhle zikanombala ophuzi we-lilac zinama-anther aphuzi. Izimbali zikhuphuka ngaphezu komhlaba ngamasentimitha ayi-12-14. Amaqabunga e-perianth angaphandle acishe abe ngu-45 mm ubude, kuyilapho amaqabunga angaphakathi emincane futhi izikhathi ezimbalwa zimfushane. Ngokwesiko kusukela ngo-1629
Futhi, abalimi bahlakulela izingwenya ezinjalo eziqhakaza ekwindla, ezinjengokuthi: muhle, uPallas, Kholmovy, Sharoyan, Gulimi, Holoflower, Kardukhor, ophakathi nendawo, uCarlwight, Kochi, umgwaqo oshubile, ophakathi, ophuzi nokumhlophe.
Ama-crocuses amakhulu amakhulu, noma ama-nzalo amaDashi
Lezi zitshalo ziyanda futhi zibonakaliswa ngokuzithoba kwazo. Ziqhakaza entwasahlobo, kanti izimbali zazo zivama kaningana kunezimbali zezinhlobo zokuqala. Ngo-1897, izinhlobo zokuqala zama-nzalo amaDashi azalwa. Kuze kube manje, kukhona cishe inzalo enjalo engaba ngu-50, futhi ihlukaniswe ngamaqembu ngokusho kombala wezimbali:
- Iqembu lokuqala - lifaka izitshalo ezinezimbali ezimhlophe qhwa, futhi nezimbali ezimhlophe, phansi kwe-lobe ngayinye ye-bract enezicucu zombala ohlukile.
- Iqembu lesibili - lihlanganisa izinhlobo nezimbali ezinsomi, i-violet noma i-lilac.
- Iqembu lesithathu - izinhlobonhlobo ezinemibala emthende noma inetha zihlanganiswa lapha, kanti amabala angatholakala ezansi kwama-lobes.
Ukuqhakaza kwamangwenya anjalo kuqala ngoMeyi, futhi ubude bawo yizinsuku eziyi-10-17.
Izinhlobonhlobo ezinconyelwe ukulinyelwa maphakathi nethambeka:
- I-Albion. Izimbali zinombala obomvu futhi zinombala omhlophe nobubanzi obungu-40 mm. Izingxenyana ziyindilinga, ubude be-tube bubalelwa ku-50 mm, futhi ebusweni bayo kukhona ukuthinta okungavamile kombala we-lilac.
- IVanguard. Izimbali ezivuleke zindebe embozwe ngombala we-lilac-eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ububanzi zifinyelela kuma-40 mm. Izingxenyana zi-oval futhi zixakene nemidwebo emincane yombala omnyama ezansi. Ubude be -hubhu bubalelwa ku-45 mm, kanti umbala ngu-lilac-oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
- Ijubili. Izimbali ezimise okwenziwe ngombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka zine-tint efiphele ye-violet-nsomi. Esisekelo se-lobes kukhona indawo ebonakalayo ebonakalayo ekhanyayo ye-lilac, futhi umngcele omncane wombala olula udlula emaphethelweni. Ubude be -hubhu bubalelwa ku-55 mm, umbala wawo uphuzi lilac.
- Isibhengezo se-sniper. Izimbali ziyi-goblet ubukhulu kungafika ku-40 mm. Umbala we-oval lobes yi-mesh: ingaphandle lingumbala ophuzi we-lilac-grey, kanti elingaphakathi linemisebe emnyama ye-lilac. Ama-lobes ayindilinga angaphandle amnyama uma kuqhathaniswa nengaphakathi. Phansi kwama-lobes kukhona indawo encane ebonakalayo ebonakalayo emnyama ye-lilac. Ubude be-tube emnyama onsomi bubalelwa ku-40 mm.
- UKathleen Parlow. Izimbali ezimise inkomishi emhlophe ububanzi zingama-40 mm. Phansi kwama-lobes angaphakathi kunemivimbo emfushane yansomi. Ubude be-tube emhlophe cishe buyi-50 mm.
Chrysanthus
Lezi nzalo eziqhakaza ngesikhathi sentwasahlobo zitholwe ngokubamba iqhaza kwegolide, uhlobo lwendabuko ye-crocus enezimbali ezimbili kanye nzalo yazo. Izimbali ezikuleli qembu zincanyana uma ziqhathaniswa ne- "Dutch", kepha zifaka izinhlobo eziningi ngombala okhanyayo wezimbali ophuzi okwesibhakabhaka ophuzi. Izinhlobo ezidumile:
- Intombazane yaseJeepsey. Izimbali ezimise inkomishi evuleke ngobubanzi zifinyelela ku-35 mm. Ingaphezulu lawo liphuzi ophuzi, futhi ingaphakathi liphuzi, kanti umphimbo umphuzi omnyama. Ngaphakathi, kunezindawo ezincane ezinsundu emabeleni. Ubude be -hubhu ukhilimu bubalelwa ku-30 mm, ngaphezulu kukhona imivimbo yombala onsomi onsomi.
- IMarietta. Izimbali zivulekile kakhulu, cishe ziyisicaba, ububanzi zifinyelela ku-35 mm. Ama-lobes amnyama okhilimu aminyene ayindilinga, umphimbo uphuzi. Phansi ezisekelweni zemibuthano engaphandle ngaphandle, embozwe ngemichilo emnyama yombala we-lilac emnyama, kunendawo ebonakala nsundu. Ubude be-tube eluhlaza grey eluhlaza cishe buyi-30 mm.
- Owesifazane obulale. Cishe izimbali eziyizicaba ezicijile, zenziwe nkomishi ububanzi zifinyelela kuma-30 mm. Amabhande okusaqanda okuphakathi nendawo amhlophe ngaphakathi. Amalokishi endilinga yangaphakathi amhlophe ngaphandle, kanti angaphandle anombala onsomi onsomi omnyama kanye nomngcele omhlophe, kuthi phansi kunethotho elincane eliluhlaza okotshani. Umbala we-bud ungububende. Ubude be-tube emnyama-onsomi obumnyama bungamamitha angama-30.
- ISaturnus. Izimbali ezimfushane, ezivulekile kakhulu zinobubanzi obuyi-35 mm. Izinsika zokubotshwa kweziyingi zangaphandle ziyaphakanyiswa kancane. Ungumbala ophuzi, onomphimbo ojulile ophuzi. Phansi kwangaphandle kukhona ucezwana wombala onsundu-luhlaza. Ama-lobes ayindilinga angaphandle ahlanganiswe ngokuphelele ngemibala eminyene yombala we-lilac. Ubude be-tube eluhlaza grey buba ngama-25 mm.
Izinhlobo ezintsha zama-chrysanthus athengiswayo yilezi: u-Ay Catcher, uMiss Wayne, uParkinson, u-Skyline, uZwanenburg Bronze nabanye.
