Idlozi lakhe lasendle laziwa njengo-Aronik noma u-Arum, owabiza umndeni wakwa-Aronnikov (ondid). Igama lohlobo livela kumagama esiGreki elithi phileo - uthando no dendron - umuthi: ama-philodendrons asebenzisa izihlahla njengesekela. Ngokwesiko lamagumbi, ama-philodendrons abaluleke kakhulu ngesakhiwo seqabunga esingafani futhi sihluke kakhulu, ukungathobeki nokuhlobisa okuphezulu unyaka wonke. Mayelana nezici zokukhula kwama-philodendrons angaphakathi kule ncwadi.
Philodendron ngaphakathi.
Ukuchazwa kwesitshalo
UPhilodendron (lat. I-Philodéndron, kusuka esiGrekini. i-phileo - uthando, i-dendron - isihlahla) - uhlobo lwezitshalo zomndeni wakwa-Aroid. Kakhulu ukukhuphuka njalo kwama-perennials axhumeke kusekela ngosizo lwezimpande ze-sucker. Isiqu sinamanzi, sithandekile ezansi. Amaqabunga aminyene, anesikhumba, osayizi abahlukahlukene, bobunjwa nemibala. Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, izitshalo zikhula ngobude kufinyelela kumamitha ayi-2 noma ngaphezulu.
Isimo sokudutshulwa ezitshalweni zohlobo lwePhilodendron siyimfihlakalo. Izitshalo zishintshana ngokuqhakaza amaqabunga ezinhlobo ezimbili: ekuqaleni kwe-scaly, nangemva kwayo - okuluhlaza okotshani obude. Kwakheka i-inflorescence ngaphakathi kweqabunga eliluhlaza, bese kuthi kwakhiwa ihlumela elisezithebeni zeqabunga le-scaly. Ukudubula okuyinhloko kuphetha nge-inflorescence, futhi lapho ingxenye yesiqu sikhula khona, ithwala amaqabunga alandelayo namaqabunga aluhlaza, ososayensi namanje abazi. AmaBotanists ahluleke ngempumelelo ekuxazululeni le mfumulo iminyaka engaba ngu-150.
Amathiphu Wokunakekela wePhilodendron - Kafushane
- Ukushisa Okumaphakathi, cishe ngo-18-20 ° C ehlobo, ebusika okungenani 15 ° C. Gwema okubhaliwe okubandayo.
- Isibani Indawo ekhanyayo, evikelwe elangeni eliqondile, emthunzini oyingxenye okhanyayo. Izinhlobo ezingafani nazo zidinga ukukhanya okuningana, kodwa futhi nendawo enomthunzi. I-philodendron ekhuphukayo ingakhula ezindaweni ezinomthunzi.
- Ukunisela. Entwasahlobo nasehlobo, ngokulingana, inhlabathi kufanele ibe nomswakama ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ebusika, ukuchelela kuncishisiwe, kepha inhlabathi ayomile, ngaleso sikhathi inhlabathi imanzi kuphela. Ngokunisela ngokweqile, amaqabunga aphansi angavela aphuzi, uma kungenele, amathiphu amaqabunga ayoma.
- Umanyolo. Ukusuka ngoMashi kuya ku-Okthoba, ama-philodendrons aphekelwa umanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi wezitshalo zasendlini. Ukugqoka okuphezulu njalo emavikini amabili. Imivini emikhulu enjengesihlahla ingangezwa i-humus kanye ehlobo ibe ungqimba oluphezulu lomhlaba lapho ufakelwa noma ngaphandle kwawo.
- Umswakama womoya. AmaPhilodendrons kufanele afafazwe njalo entwasahlobo nasehlobo, kanye nasebusika, uma uhlelo lokushisa liseduze. Izitshalo ezincane zigeza kaningi ngesikhathi sehlobo. Ezitshalweni ezinkulu, amaqabunga ahlanzwa njalo othulini ngesiponji esimanzi.
- Ukufakelwa Entwasahlobo, izitshalo ezincane ngonyaka nangemva kweminyaka emithathu kuya kwemine ubudala. Inhlabathi: izingxenye ezi-2 ze-sod, ingxenye eyi-1 ye-peat land, i-1 part humus, engu-0.5 ingxenye yesihlabathi. Lapho kukhula amasampula amakhulu ebhodweni elisondelene kakhulu, amabala avela emaqabungeni, aphenduka aphuzi, izitshalo zisele ngemuva ekukhuleni.
- Ukuzala. Ama-Philodendrons asakazwa ngokusika kwe-apical noma isiqu. Ukuze ubambe izimpande, kungcono ukusebenzisa ukushisa kwenhlabathi bese uyimboza ngefilimu. Izilobo ezinkulu zingasakazwa ngeshidi elisikiwe ngesithende.
UPhilodendron ukhetha amazinga okushisa aphakathi.
Izici zokukhula kwama-philodendrons
Ukusakazeka kwePhilodendron
AmaPhilodendrons ayizitshalo zokugcina izithombo ezifudumele ezifudumele. Zisakazwa ukusikwa okuyi-apical, kanye nezicucu zesiqu, kepha kuyadingeka ukuthi ngamunye abe nezinso. Imile emazingeni okushisa angama-24-26 ° ebhokisini le-wiring. Uma ukusika (izingxenye ezihlukanisiwe) zinkulu, kungakuhle ukuthi uzitshale ngqo ebhodweni. Ukusika kumbozwe ngefilimu ukuze kulondolozwe umswakama kuze kube yilapho kwakheka uhlelo lwezimpande olwakhiwe. Kwesinye isikhathi izingcezu zesiqu, ezivame ngaphandle kwamaqabunga, zibekwa ngaphansi kweshalofu endaweni eluhlaza efudumele, embozwe ngumhlabathi we-peat, futhi zivame ukufafazwa. Lapho nje ukuqhakaza kuqala ukukhula, zihlukaniswa ngenani lamahlumela avele futhi atshalwe ebhodweni.
Ngokutshala izitshalo, bathatha ingxube yobumba yale nhlanganisela elandelayo: umhlaba we-turf - ihora eli-1, humus - amahora ama-2, i-peat - ihora eli-1, isihlabathi - ihora le-1/2. ebusika kuncishiswa ebusuku kuya ku-16 ° C.
Ngesikhathi sokumila okuningana, kutholakala umanyolo ngesidudu bese kuba nomanyolo ogcwele wamaminerali njalo emavikini ama-2. AmaPhilodendrons nawo akhula kahle kusisombululo sezakhi. Amanye ama-philodendrons, ikakhulukazi u-Ph. amahlazo, abekezelela kalula okuqukethwe kwawo endaweni enelanga elincane futhi elinombala emakamelweni (ezivandeni zasebusika).
AmaPhilodendrons angadonsa ngempumelelo izindonga kanti kwezinye izimo angasetshenziswa njenge-ampelous (Ph. Scandens). Ehlobo, izitshalo ziniselwa kakhulu. Ebusika, kuthathwa amanzi amancane, kepha umhlaba awulethelwa ukoma. Ukufakwa kwezitshalo nokunakekela kwazo okulandelayo kuyafana nesilo.
Ukufakelwa kwePhilodendron
Ukufakelwa kwesinye isikhathi kungukungenelela okubukhali empilweni yesitshalo, ngakho-ke kufanele kwenziwe ngesikhathi lapho i-philodendron inendawo enkulu yokugcina amandla, okungukuthi, entwasahlobo. Izitshalo zitshalwa njengoba kudingeka, futhi lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka, ngoba uhlelo lwempande lwe-aroid luthuthukiswe kahle. Ngokwesilinganiso, izitshalo zidinga ukushintshwa minyaka yonke, ngaphandle kwezinhlobo ezindala ezibuyiselwa njalo ngeminyaka emi-2-3.
Kungenzeka ukwazi ukubona ukuthi i-philodendron idinga ukufakelwa ngokuthatha isitshalo epanini. Uma ngasikhathi sinye uthola ukuthi inhlama yobumba ibunjwe eduze yizimpande, nomhlaba ucishe ungabonakali, khona-ke ukufakelwa kuyadingeka. Kulokhu, lapho unakekela isitshalo, akunakwenzeka ukuba unqunyelwe ekuniseleni nasekugqokeni phezulu. Uma ingafakelwa ebhodweni elikhudlwana elinomhlabathi omusha, kungekudala lizoma ukukhula.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukufakelwa kwemvelo nakho kuyadingeka ngoba ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukwakheka nokwakheka kwenhlabathi kuyonakala: ama-capillaries aqhuba umoya abhujiswa, kuqongelela amaminerali, okulimaza isitshalo (amafomu amhlophe wokumboza ngaphezulu kwenhlabathi).
Yondla ama-philodendrons
Ukusuka ngoMashi kuya ku-Okthoba, ama-philodendrons aduthwa njalo emavikini amabili ngomanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi wezitshalo zasendlini. Izitshalo ezikhula ngokushesha zingavundiswa kanye ngesonto, kuthi ebusika kufakwe umanyolo njalo ngenyanga.
Imivini emikhulu enjengesihlahla ingangezwa i-humus kanye ehlobo ibe ungqimba oluphezulu lomhlaba lapho ufakelwa noma ngaphandle kwawo.
Lapho usuthisa i-philodendron ngamanyolo, kubalulekile ukuthi ungayidli ngokweqile, uma kungenjalo izeluleko zamaqabunga ziphenduka ziphuzi noma nsundu, amaqabunga ngokwawo abuna futhi angabi nokuphila. Uma ungeze ingxenye enkulu ye-humus enhlabathini, ungayondli namanye amakhambi okungenani izinyanga eziyi-1.5-2.
Kaningi, ama-philodendrons ahlushwa ukuntuleka kwezakhi zomzimba emhlabathini, uma zingadalwa isikhathi eside bese ukhohlwa ukuzondla. Kulokhu, amaqabunga aba mancane, amathiphu awo omile aphenduke aphuzi, isitshalo sishiya ngemuva ukukhula. Ukuzitholela ngokweqile kuzothinta ubukhulu besiqu.
Ukugqokisa okuphezulu kwenziwa kuphela ngemuva kokuba inhlayiya yobumba iniselwa futhi igcwele amanzi, ngaphandle kwalokho isitshalo singaba nokuhlushwa usawoti omningi kakhulu enhlabathini.
Uma isitshalo sikwazi ukubekezelela umanyolo omncane ngokwawo (ngoba lokhu udinga nje ukuyeka ukondla isikhashana), ngakho-ke ngokuqukethwe kakhulu kwamaminerali enhlabathini, isitshalo sizodinga usizo: ukuthululisa isitshalo noma ukugeza inhlabathi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, faka ibhodwe nge-philodendron ingxenye yesine yehora ngaphansi komfula wamanzi echibini. Amanzi akufanele abande kakhulu futhi kufanele adlule kahle emgodini wokudonsa amanzi. Ungagxilisa imbiza ebhakedeni lamanzi licishe lifike ezingeni lomhlabathi bese ulinda kuze kube yilapho wonke umhlabathi ugcwele amanzi, bese ususa imbiza uyidedele. Phinda le nqubo kaningana.
Ngesikhathi sokukhula kwe-philodendron, ukugqoka okuphezulu kufanele kuqale amasonto amabili kuya amane emva kokuthenga. Uma utshale isitshalo ngokwakho, qala ukusondla kuphela ngemuva kokuvela kwamahlumela
Izitshalo ezincane nezisandwe kabusha ezinyangeni zokuqala eziyisithupha azidingi ukondliwa okwengeziwe.
Uma isitshalo sisemhlabathini noma ingxube ekhethekile yenhlabathi, akunconywa ukusondla kakhulu.
Faka isicelo sokugqoka esiphezulu se-philodendron kuphela kulezo zimo lapho isitshalo siphilile.
Ph. melanochrysum (Ph. andreanum) - UPhilodendron omnyama wegolide.
Ph. bippinatifidum - Philodendron bipinnatus.
Ph. martianum. (Ph. Cannifolium, Ph. Crassum) - UPhilodendron Martius.
Izinhlobo zamaPhilodendrons
Ph. melanochrysum (Ph. andreanum) - UPhilodendron wegolide omnyama. Imikhondo ekhuphukayo. Amahlumela we-Brittle; ama-internode amafushane (izimpande ze-a emoyeni zivame ukuzishiya). Amaqabunga ezitshalo ezincane mancane, angama-8-10 cm ubude, anomumo wenhliziyo, une-hue obomvu obomvu; kubantu abadala - ezinkulu, ezingama-40-80 cm ubude., oblong-lanceolate, okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kumhlophe qhwa emithanjeni, ngasemaphethelweni ngomngcele omncane okhanyayo, olengiswayo. I-Petiole 50 cm ubude. Bpspread 20 cm ubude. Ihlala emahlathini emvula asezindaweni ezishisayo esifundeni sase-Andes eColombia. Isitshalo sokuhlobisa, sandile emasikweni angaphakathi kwendlu.
Ph. i-ornatum (Ph. i-siniale, i-Ph. sodirai) - UPhilodendron uhlotshisiwe. Ama-creepers aphezulu, akhuphuka, anamagatsha aqinile-anjengesiqu. Amaqabunga ezitshalweni ezincane ama-ovate, kubantu abadala abanezinhliziyo, abangama-50-60 cm ubude. nobubanzi obuyi-35-40 cm., okuluhlaza okotshani, okumnyama, okunephethini elimhlophe. I-Petiole 30-50 cm ubude., Ngama-warts amancane. Ikhula emahlathini emvula asezindaweni ezishisayo eningizimu yeBrazil.
Ph. bippinatifidum - Philodendron ibhanoyi. Imikhondo ekhuphukayo, nesiqu esibunjiwe esinkuni, esinamacembe amaqabunga awileyo esiqwini. Amaqabunga asikiwe, aphindwe kathathu, afakwe ama-lobes angama-1-4, amakhulu, ubude obuyi-60-90 cm. I-Leathery, iluhlaza okotshani. Isiqu sezitshalo zabantu abadala sikhulu, sinamaqabunga anamaqabunga. I-Ear 8-10 cm ubude., I-Purple ngaphandle, imhlophe ngaphakathi. Itholakala emahlathini emvula asezindaweni ezishisayo, ezixhaphozini, ezindaweni ezinomswakama eningizimu yeBrazil. Ilungele ukukhula emakamelweni.
Ph. martianum. (Ph. Cannifolium, Ph. Crassum) - UPhilodendron Martius. Isiqu sifushane kakhulu noma asikho. Amaqabunga amise okwenhliziyo, aphelele (afana namaqabunga e-canna), aqondile, angama-35-56 cm ubude. nobubanzi obuyi-15-25 cm., kukhulu, kukhonjiswe phezulu, endaweni eklanywe njenge-wedge noma emile, yandiswa phakathi. I-Petiole imfushane, i-30-40 cm, igcwele, igcwele ukuvuvukala. Ikhula emahlathini emvula asezindaweni ezishisayo eningizimu yeBrazil.
Ph. eichleri - UPhilodendron Eichler. Imikhondo ekhuphukayo, nesiqu esibunjiwe esinkuni esinamacembe amaqabunga awile. Amaqabunga asikiwe, anxantathu ezisekelweni, aze afike ku-1 m ubude. no-50-60 cm ububanzi, luhlaza okotshani, obukhulu. I-Petiole 70-100 cm ubude. Ihlala emahlathini emvula ashisayo ngasogwini lwemifula eBrazil.
Ph. angustisectum. (Ph. Elegans) - Philodendron ngomusa. Ama-creepers amade, hhayi ama-branching. Suka kububanzi obuyi-3 cm., I-Fleshy, ezimpandeni ezinjengezintambo zokufakelwa kwezintambo. Amaqabunga abanzi ngokugqamile, acinene ngokujule, ubude obungu-40-70 cm. kanye no-30-50 cm ububanzi .; ama-lobes amafomu aqondile, ububanzi obuyi-3-4 cm., okuluhlaza okotshani ngaphezulu. Isembozo sinobude obungu-15 cm., I-Cream, engxenyeni engezansi iluhlaza okhanyayo, opinki. Ikhula emahlathini emvula asezindaweni ezishisayo eColombia. Ukukhula kwezitshalo ngobude kungashintshwa kalula ngokususa ingaphezulu kwesiqu, esingasetshenziswa ezindongeni.
Ph. ama-erubescens - obomvu be-philodendron. Imikhumbi yokugibela, hhayi i-branching. Isiqu sibomvu obomvu, siphuzi ezitshalweni ezindala; ithambile, ihlumela. Amaqabunga angama-ovoid-unxantathu, angama-18-25 cm ubude. nobubanzi obuyi-13-18 cm., okuluhlaza okotshani, okunemiphetho ebomvana; nsundu obomvu onsundu. I-Petiole i-20-25 cm ubude., I-Purple phansi. Isembozo singama-1.5 cm ubude., Onsomi omnyama. Indlebe imhlophe, inamakha. Ikhula emithambekeni yezintaba, emahlathini emvula ashisayo eColombia.
Ph. ilsemanii - UPhilodendron Ilseman. Amacembe makhulu, angama-40 cm ubude. nobubanzi obuyi-15 cm., i-oval yoku-lanceolate-swept, enemigqa engalingani ngemivimbo emhlophe noma emhlophe nebhulowu, imivimbo. EBrazil Enye yezinhlobo zokuhlobisa kakhulu.
Ph. laciniatum. (Ph. Pedatum. Ph. Laciniosum) - UPhilodendron osindwa. Imikhondo ekhuphukayo, kwesinye isikhathi izitshalo ze-epiphytic. Amaqabunga e-Ovate (ahluka ngesimo sepuleti elihlukaniswe kathathu); phezulu lobe 40-45 cm ubude. kanye no-25-30 cm ububanzi., ngama-lobes angama-triangular-oblong noma aqondile. I-Petiole ubude obufanayo neqabunga leqabunga. Bpspread 12 cm ubude. Kuhlala amahlathi emvula asezindaweni ezishisayo eVenezuela, eGuiana, eBrazil.
Ph. i-ornatum (Ph. i-siniale, i-Ph. sodirai) - I-philodendron ehlotshisiwe.
Ph. eichleri - Philodendron Eichler.
Ph. angustisectum. (Ph. Elegans) - UPhilodendron unomusa.
Ubunzima obunokwenzeka bokukhula kwama-philodendrons
Kushiya "ukukhala". Isizathu siwumhlabathi omanzi kakhulu. Vumela inhlabathi yomile futhi ikhulise izikhala phakathi kokuphuza.
Isiqu sibolile. Isizathu ukubola kwesiqu. Imvamisa lesi sifo sizibonakalisa ebusika, lapho izimo zokuswakama ngokweqile kanye nezinga lokushisa eliphansi zenzelwe ukwenziwa kabusha kwesikhunta. Dlulisela i-philodendron kwelinye ibhodwe, phakamisa izinga lokushisa lekamelo bese unisela ukunisela.
Amaqabunga aphuzi. Uma amaqabunga amaningi ephenduka aphuzi, okuthi ngaphezu kwalokho, abole futhi abune, isizathu esinengqondo kunazo zonke ukugcwala kwamanzi kwenhlabathi. Uma kungekho zimpawu zokubola noma zokufenda, imbangela okungenzeka kungukungondleki. Uma kuphela amaqabunga aphansi e-philodendron ephenduka aphuzi, naka ukuthi kukhona amabala ansundu kuwo nokuthi amaqabunga amasha abukeka kanjani - uma emincane futhi emnyama, khona-ke lokhu kuwuphawu lokuntuleka komswakama. Amaqabunga aphuzi anemibala ephuzi akhombisa ukweqisa kwelanga.
Ukuwa kweqabunga. Amacembe aphansi we-philodendron ahlala ewa kanye nobudala. Uma amaqabunga amaningana efa ngokuzumayo ngaso leso sikhathi, khona-ke imbangela ingaba yiphutha elikhulu ekuhambeni.
Bheka isimo samaqabunga aphezulu. Uma amaqabunga eba omile futhi nsundu ngaphambi kokuwa, khona-ke isizathu sokushisa komoya siphakeme kakhulu. Lokhu kuyinkinga evamile ebusika lapho izitshalo zibekwa eduze kakhulu namabhethri.
Isiqu se-Bare ngezansi, amaqabunga amancane aphuzi. Isizathu ukuthi lesi sitshalo asinakho ukukhanya okwanele. Isitshalo asikhuli emjondolo ojulile.
Amachashazi ansundu ezansi kweshidi. Isizathu i-spider mite ebomvu.
Izinsundu ezimnyama, ezinamaphepha ezinamaphepha okuphekwe amaqabunga kanye nemiphetho yamaqabunga. Isizathu sokuthi umoya womile kakhulu egumbini. Futha amaqabunga e-philodendron noma ubeke imbiza ku-peat enomswakama. Uma ngasikhathi sinye kuphole okuncane, khona-ke imbangela kungaba ukuqina kwembiza noma ukuntuleka komsoco. Iziqongo ezi-brown ziyinkomba yokugcotshwa kwamanzi ngenhlabathi, kodwa kulokhu amaqabunga abuye aphuzi.
Kushiya lonke noma lisikiwe kancane. Isizathu ukuthi amaqabunga amancane ngokuvamile aphelele futhi awunawo ama-slits. Ukungabikho kokuvuleka kwamaqabunga abantu abadala be-philodendron kungakhombisa izinga lokushisa lomoya eliphansi kakhulu, ukuntuleka komswakama, ukukhanya noma umsoco. Ezitshalweni ezinde, amanzi nezakhi zomzimba kungenzeka kungafiki emaqabungeni aphezulu - Izimpande ze-a emoyeni kufanele zijule emhlabathini noma ziqondiswe kusekela olumanzi.
