I-Apricot, noma i-Apricot ejwayelekile (I-Prunus armeniaca) - umuthi ovela ku-genus Plum (I-Prunus) Umndeni wepinki (Rosaceae), kanye nezithelo zalo muthi. I-apricot ibizwa nangokuthi i-aphuzi-ukhilimu, i-morel, ama-apricots omisiwe, i-spaghetti, i-apricot.
Ama-apricots © Fir0002Kwezincwadi zesimanje, izikhungo ezintathu kuya kweziyisithupha okungenzeka ukuthi zivela kumabhilikosi ziyahlukaniswa. Phakathi kwabo, isifunda saseTian Shan eChina sibhekwa njengento engenzeka kakhulu.
Kodwa-ke, eYurophu waziwa e-Armenia (yingakho igama le-botanical ngesiLatin: armeniacus - Armanian). Kamuva, i-apricot yeza eRoma, njengoba kushiwo emibhalweni yakhe ngusosayensi wasendulo waseRoma nomlobi uPliny Omdala.
Uhlobo olukhethekile i-Apricot yaseSiberia (Prunus sibirica), okhula endle ezintabeni zaseDauria. Kutholakala ePrimorsky Territory, eSiberia eseMpumalanga, eNyakatho China naseMongolia. Inokumelana kakhulu nesithwathwa (ekuphumuleni kwayo kumelana namaqhwa aze afike ku-45 ° C), kepha ayizibekezeleli izingwevu engxenyeni yesibili yobusika. Izithelo - ama-Drupes omile aqhekeka eceleni komthungo obubanzi obungu-2 - 2,5 cm, ngombala ophuzi, abe nokunambitheka okumuncu, cishe akunakudliwa.
I-Apricot - umuthi oqondile wokuphakama okuphakathi nendawo nendawo yomqhele. Amaqabunga ayindilinga, i-ovate, lapho isondelana idonswa, ithunyeliswe kahle noma inomunwe kabili. Izimbali ezimhlophe noma ezibomvana ziyaqhakaza ngaphambi kokuba amaqabunga avele.
Izithelo zingama-odontostruse wombala ophuzi obomvu ("apricot"), oyindilinga ngesimo, elliptical noma obovate. Ithambo libunjiwe kahle, bushelelezi.
Isihlahla se-apricot kudala sikhula emazweni amaningi anesimo sezulu esifudumele.
Izithelo ze-apricot zidliwa zombili zisefomeni entsha neyomile (ama-apricots ngemigodi, kaisa, ama-apricots omisiwe, i-pastille). Iziguli ezinesifo sikashukela kufanele zikhawule ukusetshenziswa kwazo kwama-apricots ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwawo ushukela omningi.
Ama-apricots asetshenziselwa ukwenza i-apodot vodka, isiphuzo esinezidakamizwa, kanti ujusi we-apricot uyakhokhiswa bese ukhanywa.
Isihlahla se-apricot ngezithelo. © Fir0002Ukufakelwa
Ngokutshala, njengomthetho, kusetshenziswa izingane ezinonyaka owodwa ezinamagatsha anamakhulu, lapho amagatsha eyodwa (amagatsha akamuva) abekwa ngokulinganayo esiqwini nasendaweni, futhi futhi afaniswe kahle nokudubula okuqhubekayo (umqhubi). Ayifaneleki ukutshala izithombo enamagatsha avela emahlumela asondelene nayo, enama-engeli amakhulu wokuhamba. Esikhathini esizayo, amagatsha anjalo aqhekeka ngaphansi kwesisindo sezithelo, okuholela ekufeni kwezihlahla. Ukuthuthuka okusebenzayo kwezifo ezindaweni ezinamanxeba nakho kunomthelela kulokhu.
Amaphutha ekuthengweni kwezinto zokutshala akufanele zenziwe. Izithombo ezihlanganisiwe zokhula ziyahlukahluka kusuka kuzithombo (imigexo) ezinhlwini eziningi ze-morphological. Izinhlobo zezitshalo ezitshaliwe azinawo ameva (ama-spurs), kepha zinamaqubu - indawo lapho isiphunzi sishiya khona iso elijwayele (izinso), elingakakhuli ngokuphelele. Emagatsheni wonyaka wejariga, amabhungane aphindwe kabili noma kathathu asevele akha, kanti ezitshalweni kuphela (okukodwa). Izigxobo zithela izithelo eminyakeni yokuqala yokuzithelo kuphela kuma-spurs alula futhi ayinkimbinkimbi, futhi ngeminyaka engama-8-10, ukwakheka okufushane kwezithelo kuvela kwizitshalo ngazinye.
Amagatsha wonyaka nesiqu sezithombo asithuthukisiwe futhi mncane uma kuqhathaniswa nesithombo esihlwanyelwe. Izithombo zemvelaphi engaziwa futhi zithunyelwa kusuka ezingxenyeni eziseningizimu zivame ukungamelana. Zibhebhetheka ezimweni zethu ziye kufinyelela ikhava lekhephu futhi libonakala ngokuqina kwesithelo. Kukhona ingozi yokungenisa izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane ngezithombo nezithombo ezivela kwezinye izifunda. Kulokhu, izitshalo zifa ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
Imiphumela emihle itholakala lapho ifika unyaka nonyaka ongabanjwanga. Ukukhula kwabo buthaka ngonyaka wokuqala ngemuva kokutshala kubangela ukwakheka kwama-engeli amakhulu wokuvela kanye nokudalwa komqhele oqinile.
Ngaphambi kokutshala, izimpande zigxobhozwe ku-mash yobumba. Lapho utshala, izitshalo zifakwa emgodini ukuze umucu oyimpande wesitoko sembewu nendawo yokuxhunyelelwa kokomhlanganiso esitokisini se-clonal ingu-3-4 mm ngaphansi kwemiphetho yomgodi. Izimpande zesitshalo zimbozwe ngengxube evundile elungiselelwe. Lapho kubuyelwa emuva, izitshalo ziyanyakaziswa kancane, bese inhlabathi esegodini ihlanganiswa nonyawo kusukela ngaphesheya komgodi kuya enkabeni, kugcina isitshalo esisezingeni elifunekayo. Umgodi uthululelwa emaphethelweni ngomhlabathi wamanzi aphansi bese kwenziwa i-roller yobumba eceleni kwemiphetho yomgodi ukuze inisele izitshalo kalula. Izitshalo ziyaniselwa, noma ngabe kunomswakama wenhlabathi, amalitha angama-20-30 amanzi ngesitshalo ngasinye. Ngemuva kokunisela, inhlabathi ihlala ngokuqinile bese umgodi uthululiselwa emaphethelweni bese i-roller roller iqonde.
Ngokuya ngezimo zesimo sezulu esikhona kanye nomswakama wenhlabathi phakathi ehlobo, ukunisela okwengeziwe kwe-2-3 kwenziwa ngokuhamba kwezinsuku eziyi-10-15. Ukuswakama kwenhlabathi okulinganiselwe nokufika ngesikhathi kunomthelela ekukhuleni okujwayelekile kwezitshalo endaweni yethu.
Ukulungiswa nokulinyazwa engadini
Okuqukethwe kwenhlabathi njengokuthamba okumsulwa nokusetshenziswa okunengqondo komanyolo ezimeni zokunganeli kwamanzi okwanele kuqinisekisa ukukhula okujwayelekile kanye nokuqina kwama-apricot. Lolu hlelo lunomthelela wokubekwa okujulile kwezimpande emhlabathini nokumelana okungcono kwezitshalo ezimweni ezibucayi.
Eminyakeni emibili yokuqala, futhi kungabe kusaba khona, isihlalo (isiyingi sesigxobo) sigcinwa ngaphansi kwe-mulch. Ukuhlala isikhathi eside kwenhlabathi ngaphansi kwe-semboza ngabo izithombo zezihlahla kuholela ekubekweni phezulu kwezimpande emhlabathini. Njenge-mulch, ungasebenzisa umquba ojikelezwe kabili, sawdust, Peat nezinye izinto eziphilayo. Kubalulekile ukufezekisa inhlabathi ngokufika kwesikhathi nangendlela efanele, ukuvimbela ukukhula okunamandla kokhula nomonakalo ezimpandeni.
Ezimweni zokuhlinzekwa okuhle komswakama ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kokunisela, kuqala ngokufakwa kwezitshalo esikhathini sokukhiqiza ngokugcwele (ngonyaka we-6-7th wokuphila), inhlabathi ingathanjiswa. Ngalezi zinhloso, kusetshenziswa utshani bokusanhlamvu obufushane obumfishane obunesistimu engatheni kahle: i-bluegrass, i-fescue ebomvu, ipali yensimu, i-ryegrass yamadlelo nezinye izinhlobo ezisetshenziselwa ukwakheka kotshani. Imbewu ihlwanyelwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo emhlabathini olungiselelwe kahle kusuka ngonyaka owedlule, ngemuva kokubhujiswa okuphelele kwe-rhizome kanye nezimpande ihlumela lokhula. Imbewu ehlwanyelwe iniselwa ngezikhathi ezithile kusetshenziswa izifafaza ezisakazeke kahle ezisakazwa (izifutho) ukuze zithole izithombo ezinobungane futhi eziminyene futhi zivikele ukomiswa kwaphezulu. Amakhambi ngezikhathi ezithile agunda lapho efinyelela ukuphakama okungama-20-25 cm. Uhlelo olunjalo lokuqukethwe kwenhlabathi lungathuthukisa kakhulu amandla wamanzi, okomzimba wamakhemikhali omhlaba futhi bandise ukuzala kwawo. Ngokuhambisana nokusetshenziswa okunengqondo kukamanyolo wamaminerali kanye nokunikezwa komswakama okwanele, izehlakalo zezitshalo ziyancipha, ukukhula okujwayelekile nokukhiqizwa kwamagilebhisi kuyaqinisekiswa, kanti isivuno kanye nokumelana kwezitshalo kuya lapho kukhulunyelwa khona imvelo ehlobo nasebusika. Uma izitshalo zinganikezwanga ngemibandela edingekayo ngendlela yesikhathi, khona-ke ziyacindezelwa, iminyaka ngaphambi kwesikhathi, kanti nokutshala kuba yinkinga kwezomnotho.
Isihlahla se-apricot ngezithelo. © The Shopping SherpaIndawo
Ama-apricots atholakala ngobuningi bawo, awasinciphisi isimo somhlabathi, akhula kangcono enhlabathini evundile, enezithelo eziqukethe lime. Isomiso nomoya omelana nomoya, gwema ukuminyanisa kokuswakama nosawoti, bese ukhula ngokushesha. Izindawo ezinhle kakhulu zokutshala ama-apricots angiseningizimu, eningizimu-mpumalanga kanye naseningizimu-ntshonalanga yezindlela ezivela eMoscow. Indawo kumele ivikelwe emimoyeni yasenyakatho. Izindawo eziphansi lapho umoya obandayo ugeleza khona azifanele. Indawo ongayikhetha ilanga: ama-apricots adinga ukuthola ukushisa okuningi ngangokunokwenzeka ehlobo, lokhu kuzowasiza ukuthi adlulise ubusika ngokuphepha.
Ukunakekelwa
Emgqeni ophakathi nendawo, i-apricot idinga ukuthambisa ejwayelekile, ikakhulukazi ngemuva kokufakelwa naphakathi kokukhula, ngoMeyi - Juni. Engxenyeni yesibili yehlobo, izitshalo ziniselwa kuphela ngesikhathi sesomiso, ezingatholakali kakhulu esifundeni saseMoscow. Kwezinye izimo, ukuchelela ngokweqile ngo-Agasti kungadala ukukhula okungapheli kwamahlumela okungeke kuvuthwe futhi kubandiswe ubusika. Kusukela ngisemncane, ekwindla sekwekupheleni nasekuthweni kwentwasahlobo, amagatsha kanye namagatsha amakhulu asemthonjeni wesihlahla kwenziwa mhlophe, engeza i-sulfate yethusi ku-mhlophe. Izimbobo ezinamaphaza nesithwathwa esiqwini ekupheleni kuka-Ephreli - ngoMeyi, hlanza izicubu eziphilayo bese umboza ngegadi noma i-kuzbaslak.
Ama-apricots akhula ngokushesha futhi anikeze isivuno sokuqala ngokwesilinganiso sonyaka wesihlanu noma wesikhombisa. Ukuze uthole impova ephumelela kakhudlwana, kufiseleka ukuthi okungenani kube nezithombo ezimbili esizeni, noma kangcono, ezintathu kuya kwezine. Ngokukhula ngokuthe ngqo nangokufanele, izihlahla ziyaqhakaza ngonyaka wesithathu noma wesine. Izimbali zemifino zibekwa ezitshalweni unyaka nonyaka, ngisho nomthwalo osindayo ezitshalweni zazo. UCrohn kuma-apricots akhiwa ngokwemvelo.
Izithelo ze-apricot emagatsheni. © apple2000Ukuzala
Ukusakazwa ngembewu egcina ukusebenza kuze kube unyaka, nokuxhunyelelwa. Imbewu ihlwanyelwa ekwindla noma entwasahlobo ngemuva kokudonswa kwezinyanga ezintathu.
Izihlahla ze-apricot eziguqulwa lapho zingatshalwa imbewu yembewu ekhishwe ezitheni ezithengiwe emakethe. Akudingekile ukuthatha imbewu yokuhlwanyelwa kwe-Armenia futhi engeniswa ezweni, izithelo ezinkulu kakhulu. Zitshalwa ngokushesha, ngaphandle kokubhula ngokweqile, ziye ekujuleni kwama-5-6 cm, okuqinisekisa ukuqhuma cishe kwe-100%. Ngokuphikisana nembewu yamapome, lapho izinyoni zasendle zikhula kusuka ezinhlanyelweni, ezitsheni zamatshe zikhiqiza zombili izinyoni zasendle kanye nezithombo, ezingadlula ngisho nezindlela zabazali ngokuya ngekhwalithi yezithelo.
Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ngoMashi, izithombo zaminyaka yonke ziyathenwa. Lokhu kuthenwa kwenziwa khona njalo ngonyaka. Okokuqala, basusa amahlumela abuthakathaka, aqandisiwe nemikhawulo yawo, anciphise amahlumela amade kakhulu futhi anamandla, futhi futhi asika amahlumela angaphezulu enza umqhele “ungene endandeni”. Zonke izigaba zimbozwe nge-varnish yasengadini noma ngopende osene-grated (obomvu, ocher, isoso), buhlanjululwe ngo-oyili wemvelo wokomisa. Uma izithombo zikhula embhedeni, zidluliselwa endaweni ehlala njalo zineminyaka emibili ngokushesha nje emva kokuncibilika kweqhwa noma ngoSepthemba - Okthoba. Enhlabathini evundile, ehlelekile, kwanele ukumba umgodi ngokusho kwezimpande. Ngobumba, i-peat noma inhlabathi enesihlabathi yenziwa ijule futhi ibanzi, amanzi ahlelwe phansi bese umgodi ugcwaliswa ngengxube yezakhi. Into enhle ukukhulisa izihlahla ngaphandle kokufakelwa.
Ngemuva kokuqoqa isivuno sokuqala, imbewu yembewu ngokushesha ngemuva kokukhishwa ezitsheni itshalwe emhlabathini. Izithombo ezikhulile zizoba yisizukulwane sesibili sama-apricots, amelana kakhulu nesimo sezulu sendawo.
Sebenzisa
Muhle kakhulu ngesikhathi sezimbali, lapho amahlumela (ngaphambi kokuba amaqabunga avule) embozwe ngokuphelele ngezimbali ezinkulu ezibomvana. Ziyakwazi nenhle ekuhlobisweni ekwindla kwamaqabunga aqhakazile nangesikhathi sokwenza izithelo. Zingasetshenziselwa ukuhlobisa izingadi, amapaki, amapaki amahlathi, izikwele, ekubukweni kwe-intra-quarter, ekutshaleni amaqembu munye neqembu. Izimbali ze-apricot zikhipha iphunga elimnandi lezinyosi - ngoba i-apricot yinhle, isitshalo sokuqala s uju. Ezinhlotsheni eziqhakaza izihlahla, ngasikhathi sinye, ama-alimondi aphansi, i-daurian rhododendron, ukuqhuma okuqhakaza nakho.
I-Apricot iqhakaza © Mehraj MirIzifo Nezinambuzane
I-Apricot ayingene kalula ezifweni nasezinambuzaneni kune-plum. Kodwa-ke, kwesinye isikhathi izihlahla zingenwa yizifo zokukhunta.
I-Kleasterosporiosis, noma “ukubonwa kwe-holey” (Clasterosporium carpoplilum Aderh.): Ekuqaleni kwehlobo, kuvela amabala obomvu emaqabungeni, endaweni lapho izimbobo zakheka khona ehlobo. Izicubu ezithintekile zezi amahlumela asemncane aqhekekile netshini - ujusi onamathelayo, obonakalayo obandayo emoyeni - uphuma ezinsizeni ze-lesion. Lesi sifo fungal sivame ukuthinta izitshalo ezibuthakathaka noma ezinemigodi yokutshala kabi noma ngemuva kokulayisha kakhulu isivuno.
I-Moniliosis (Monilia cenerea Bonord.): Umenzeli obangela lesi sifo ukhunta, ubusika buthinta izitho ezithintekile zezitshalo. Entwasahlobo, i-mycelium yesikhunta idala ukugoba. Ekuqaleni, lesi sifo sibangela ukufiphala komiswa kwezimbali, bese - amaqabunga kanye namahlumela wonyaka. Ehlobo, ukhunta ukhula ngezithelo. Okokuqala, kuvela ibala elincane elimnyama, okuthi, ngokukhula kancane, ligubungele yonke ingane. Uginindela wesithelo uphenduka onsundu, futhi ingaphezulu limbozwe ngamaphashaza amnyama esikhala sombala. Izithelo ezithintekile ziyancipha, zomile futhi ziwe.
Izindlela zokulawula
Okubaluleke kakhulu ukulungiswa kwengadi ngesimo esihle sanhlanzeko. Isikhunta sePathogenic siseqabunga, amagatsha, izithelo, amagxolo nezinye izingxenye zesihlahla, kubalulekile ukuqoqa nokushisa amaqabunga ekwindla, ukumba ngokuzungeza imibuthano yesiqu. Isinyathelo esisebenzayo ukusetshenziswa kukamanyolo we-organic, amaminerali kanye ne-calcareous. Umanyolo uhlinzeka ukukhula okuhle kwezihlahla futhi ngasikhathi sinye siguqule ukusabela kwesitokisi kuya ohlangothini, okungalungile ngamagciwane kanye nezinambuzane ezinambuzane.
Kuyadingeka futhi ukukhipha ihlumela lezimpande usike amagatsha omile nanesifo, uhlanze isiqu kubhavu leqhwa, umboze izindawo ezonakele ngezinhlobo zasengadini. Ukugquma imiqhele kubalulekile: kubalulekile ukususa ngesikhathi amahlumela ezihlahleni nasegatsheni lamathambo, ukuze uvuselele umqhele.
Kwezinyathelo zokulawula amakhemikhali, ukuqeda ukufafaza kuyasebenza ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuba ukuqhakaza kuqhume, i-nitrafen (2-3%), i-Bordeaux liquid (4%), i-iron sulfate (5-8%). Esikhathini sezitshalo ezisebenzayo ezilwa nezifo, zifafazwa nge-Bordeaux liquid (1%), i-cinebom (0.5%) noma i-chloroxide yethusi. Ukufafaza kokuqala kwenziwa ngokushesha ngemuva kokuqhakaza izimbali, ezintathu ezilandelayo kuya kwezine - njalo ngezinsuku eziyi-10-15.
Ngokunakekelwa okufanele, izihlahla zinokubukeka okunempilo, zikhula ngo-40-70 cm ngonyaka futhi empeleni zingaguli.
Ezikhungweni zezinambuzane, ama-aphid adala ingozi enkulu: enza buthaka izitshalo, bese ukhunta onobuthi ungahlala kuwo. Ungalwa ne-aphid ngomshini, uyichithe lapho ivela, noma uyifafaze nge-insusions kagwayi, i-dandelion, nomlotha.
Isihlahla se-apricot ngezithelo. © Izimila ZokuhlobisaI-Plum moth (Laspeyresia fundebrana Tr.) Kulimaza izithelo zamaplamu futhi, ngandlela thile, ama-apricots. Lokhu uvemvane oluncane, ebusika ngendlela yesikhukhamba engxenyeni engezansi yesiqu noma engxenyeni engaphezulu yomhlabathi. Izimvemvane ziyaphuma eminyakeni eyishumi yokuqala kaJuni, zibeke amaqanda azo esibelethweni sezithelo noma esiqwini seqabunga. Lapho-ke imvemvane yamabhabhathane futhi kusukela maphakathi noJulayi kuya maphakathi no-Agasti kukhona iminyaka yama-butterflies yesizukulwane sasehlobo yamabhu nokubekwa kwamaqanda ezitsheni ezakhekile.
Izindlela ezisebenza ngomshini zisebenza kahle: ukuqoqa kanye nokubhubhisa izithelo ezilimele, ukuhlanza amagxolo esiqwini, ukumba uzungeze isiqu.
Ukulimaza i-apricot kanye nesicubu se-hawthorn yamabhabhathane, ukuqunjelwa izinhlamvu, amacembe. Akunzima futhi ukuyicekela phansi, futhi izidleke zobusika - amaqabunga omile ngokufakwa kweqanda, kuvikelwe ngama-cobwebs emagatsheni - kudingeka aqoqwe futhi abhujiswe ekwindla noma ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo.
Ukhula kanjani ama-apricots?
