I-asparagus (noma i-chilli) i-haricot luhlobo lwe-haricot olunamakhanda ayo angenazo izicucu ezinzima nohlaka "lwangaphakathi" lwangaphakathi. Ubhontshisi onjalo usetshenziswa ekuphekeni ngesimo semidumba yonke kanye namahlamvu. Izinhlamvu ezivuthiwe zikabhontshisi onjalo nazo ziyadliwa, yize izinhlamvu zaso zincanyana futhi zinzima kunobhontshisi ojwayelekile, ngakho-ke zidinga ukugxila okwengeziwe nokugaya.
Izici zemvelo
Ubhontshisi we-asparagus waba negama lawo ngokunambitheka okufana namahlumela amasha e-asparagus. Lo bhontshisi uyisihlobo esiqondile sobhontshisi ojwayelekile. Umehluko kuphela lapho kungekho ifilimu eliqinile nemicu embobeni. Ukwakheka kwama-pods nakho kuhlukile - ezinhlotsheni ze-asparagus ama-pods mancane futhi amade. I-Asparagus haricot nayo ingeyohlobo lwe-legume Vigna. IVigna yehlukile kubhontshisi ojwayelekile ekwakhekeni kwe-gynecium, amasampula nokwakheka kwempova. Kodwa-ke, pods zakhe zinhle ngokulinganayo futhi ukunambitheka kusetshenziswa ukupheka.
Ubhontshisi weVigna ne-asparagus akuyona into efanayo. IVigna uhlobo lobhontshisi we-asparagus. Izinhlobonhlobo kabhontshisi ojwayelekile, ezingenazicucu nesendlalelo esilukhuni ku-pod, nazo zingabhekwa njenge-asparagus.
Isitshalo sitshalwa ngezindlela ezintathu:
- I-Bush - 30-50 cm;
- ukukhwela isigamu - kufinyelela kumamitha amabili;
- i-curly - kusuka kumamitha amabili kuya kwezinhlanu.
Ama-pods angena ngemithunzi eminingi ehlukene - luhlaza okotshani, ophuzi, obomvu, onsomi onsomi. Ama-pods anciphile impela, akhula ngobude kusuka ku-12 kuya ku-120 cm. Izimbali zikabhontshisi we-asparagus nazo ziyahlukahluka ngemithunzi ehlukahlukene futhi kwesinye isikhathi lesi sitshalo sisetshenziselwa ukuhlobisa. Izinhlobo eziningi ziyakwazi ukubekezelela umthunzi, zingatshalwa emthunzini wezintambo zezitshalo eziphakeme futhi nangasohlangothini olusenyakatho lwezindlu.
Ubhontshisi Base-Asparagus - Ukukhula nokunakekelwa
Ukulima nokunakekela ubhontshisi akuwona umthwalo ikakhulukazi. Kuyadingeka kuphela ukukhumbula izici ezithile zalesi sitshalo. Zonke izinhlobo zobhontshisi ziyi-thermophilic. Ubhontshisi, ikakhulukazi osemncane, awukwazi ukumelana nesithwathwa esincane kakhulu noma ukubamba okubandayo nje. Emazingeni okushisa angaphansi kuka-10 ° C, ubhontshisi uyeka ukukhula, futhi ngamazinga okushisa aphansi ayafa. Kodwa-ke, lukhule cishe kuyo yonke indawo. Ezindaweni ezibandayo kakhulu, kuhlwanyelwa kamuva, lapho sekubuyile amaqhwa. Ezindaweni ezisenyakatho, ubhontshisi ukhula ngezithombo. Eningizimu, kunalokho, ungaphumelela ukutshala ezimbili, futhi kwesinye isikhathi kube nezintathu, izilimo ngesizini.
Ubhontshisi ukhula kahle emafutheni, emiseleni, ocebile e-organic, nenhlabathi. Izimpande zakhe zeluka ebangeni elingaphezu kwemitha, ngakho ubhontshisi ubhekwa njengesitshalo esilwa nesomiso impela. Kodwa-ke, ngesomiso isikhathi eside, izitshalo zidinga ukuthambisa. Ubhontshisi awukwazi ukubekezelela ukugcotshwa kwamanzi.
Ubhontshisi ukhula kahle endaweni efanayo, njengoba izimpande zawo zicebisa inhlabathi nge-nitrogen. Ngakho-ke, lapho ushintsha indawo yokulinywa, ingadi entsha kungcono ukuthatha umhlaba omncane kusuka engadini yanyakenye. Okunye okwandulelwa ubhontshisi iklabishi, ukhukhamba, amazambane.
Imbewu ingahlwanyelwa yomile, noma ifakwe kubo usuku lwamanzi ngokufakwa okukhulisayo. Njengokukhuthaza ukukhula, ungasebenzisa uju, umlotha, i-organus humus, isinaphi. Umuthi ovuselelayo ulungiswa ngohlobo lwesisombululo samanzi esingamaphesenti ama-1-2. Epuleti elithe xaxa udinga ukusabalalisa ungqimba we-gauze, ubeke imbewu phezu kwawo, umboze ngengqimba yesibili ye-gauze ngaphezulu bese uthele imbewu ngesisombululo ukuze i-gauze inyanyekwe ngokuphelele. Ngembewu emanzi, izinqubo zokukhula ziqala ngokushesha futhi ngenkuthalo, zinikeza izithombo zangaphambilini nezinamandla.
Kuyadingeka ukuhlwanyela imbewu yobhontshisi ekujuleni kuka-3-4 cm. Ukuhlwanyelwa okujulile kakhulu kwembewu kuholela ekubambezelweni kwezithombo kanye nokwenza buthaka kwezitshalo, okuncane - okuzoholela ekunciphiseni kwezimpande. Emhlabathini onesihlabathi esikhanyayo, imbewu yobhontshisi ingangcwatshwa ijule kancane. Kungcono ukwehlisa okusanhlamvu okubili emgodini. Lapho ukuhlwanyela ubhontshisi emigqonyeni, ukuhlwanyela izidleke kufanele kubekwe kude ne-20-30 cm ukusuka komunye nomunye, kusale phakathi kwama-40-50 cm phakathi kwemigqa. Ngaleli lungiselelo, izitshalo zizonikezwa indawo yokudla edingekayo nokukhanyisa. Amahlumela avela ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-5- 10.
Uma kunokusongela kwesithwathwa sasebusuku, izithombo kufanele zimbozwe ngefilimu noma ngezinto ezingezona ezilukiwe. Emini, ukukhosela kufanele kususwe.
Emavikini lamatsatfu ngemuva kwekuhluma, kungenteka ukhiphe umanyolo nge-nitrogen. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu esimweni sezulu esomile, ngoba ekushiseni kwezitshalo abakwazi ukudonsa i-nitrogen emoyeni ngamanani anele. Uma umhlabathi uqukethe umanyolo we-organic ambalwa, ukugqokwa okuphezulu okufanele kwenziwe kufanele kwenziwe. Lapho ubeka izithelo, ungondla ubhontshisi ngokubunjwa kwe-potassium-phosphorus. Ungenza futhi nokugqoka okungaphezulu kwe-foliar top. Ngale njongo, umlotha ojwayelekile wezinkuni ufanelekile.
Ukuhlwanyela ubhontshisi, kungcono emaphethelweni wesakhiwo, zilandelana, izinhlobo ezinama-curly nezinama-curly aqonda kuma-trellises aqine. Kungcono ukwenza ukhuni lwe-trellis, ngoba ubhontshisi awunawo amadevu futhi kuzoba nzima kakhulu kuye ukuzisonga ngensimbi noma ngeplastiki. Ungafaka futhi ubhontshisi onontambo ezicijeni, ezigxotsheni. Ungenza "iqhubu" - izigxobo ezine ,okwembiwa emhlabathini ngamakhona esigcawu ngohlangothi olungama-50-100 cm, bese kuxhunywa eziqongweni. Izinhlangothi ze "hut" zingqiniswa ngemigoqo yesiphambano. Imbewu yobhontshisi ihlwanyelwa ezinhlangothini ezine ze- "hut" futhi njengoba ikhula isiqu sayo sisongele ukuxhaswa, isifihle ngokuphelele ngaphansi kobuningi bamahlamvu nezithelo.
Izinhlobo eziningi zikabhontshisi we-asparagus zinezimbali ezinhle kumithunzi ehlukahlukene, evumela ukuthi zitshale njengezitshalo zomhlobiso ngasemaphethelweni emibhede yezimbali. Izinhlobo ze-Bush Bean, ezilengiswa ngobuningi bama-pods amade, futhi zinokubukeka okuhle. Ukunakekelwa kabhontshisi kuqukethe ukukhulula izikhala zomugqa nokususa ukhula. Njengoba ubhontshisi uphendula kahle kumanyolo we-organic, utshani obunqunyiwe bungabekwa ngqo ngaphansi kwezihlahla zikabhontshisi: ngasekupheleni kwehlobo kuzoshintsha kube yi-humus futhi ngasikhathi sinye kube yinto yokuhlanganisa umanyolo.
Izitshalo ezincane zikabhontshisi zivame ukuhlaselwa ngama-aphid, izimbuzane zesicabucabu kanye nezimhlophe. Ukulwa nazo, izitshalo zingafafazwa ngezisombululo zensipho yokuwasha, uthuli lukagwayi, umlotha. Ungasebenzisa izinambuzane - i-Agravertin, i-Actellik, i-Fitover. Ukuze ulwe nama-slugs, inhlabathi ezungeze izithombo ingafafazwa ngomlotha owomile, u-lime noma izinaliti eziqinile ze-spruce (pine). Ukusuka kumalungiselelo wezezimboni, isiqu somhlaba sokulungiselela se-granular siyasebenza.
Ukuvuna
Njengoba ama-pods asetshenziswa njengokudla okungavuthiwe, kubalulekile ukuthi ungaphuthelwa isikhathi lapho ukha ubhontshisi we-asparagus. Isikhathi esihle sokuvuna yizinsuku eziyi-7-14 ngemuva kokuvela kwamaqanda, kuye ngezinhlobonhlobo. Ama-pods akule minyaka agcwele izakhi, usayizi wokusanhlamvu kuwo awudluli okusanhlamvu kakolweni. Ama-pods kufanele anqunywe nsuku zonke emabhetshini aneminyaka efanayo. Ukususa amabhodwe angaqhamuki esitshalweni kudala igagasi elisha lezimbali nokwenziwa kwamaqanda amasha. Ungaqoqa isivuno semidumba eluhlaza ngale ndlela kuze kubanda.
Ama-pods weembotyi ezihlaza okotshani ezilungele ukusetshenziswa okusha, ukuwafaka, nokuqandisa. Amaphodishi angagcinwa emisha ngamafuphi endaweni epholile emnyama, asakazeke ungqimba olulodwa. Kepha emva kwesonto noma amabili, amabamba aqala ukuba lukhuni futhi omile. Ngakho-ke, lapho ugcina isikhathi eside ubhontshisi we-asparagus, kungcono ukusebenzisa i-freezers.
Ngaphambi kokubeka isitoreji sesikhathi eside, ubhontshisi kufanele ugezwe, uthathe izingcezu ubude obungu-2-3 cm bese ukhanywa emanzini abilayo imizuzu engama-2-3. Ngemuva kwalokho, vumela amanzi afafaze bese ubeka ubhontshisi efrijini, ugcwele kahle ezitsheni zepulasitiki noma ezikhwameni. Uma udinga ukufriza imidumba ngefomu elixekethile, lapho-ke kufanele imiswe kuqala, ngaphandle kwalokho izonamathela lapho iqandisiwe.
Njengoba sekushiwo, ngokubhala ngikwazi nokusebenzisa okusanhlamvu kobhontshisi we-asparagus. Ukuze wenze lokhu, pods kufanele bavunyelwe ukuvuthwa ukuba ripeness begological Ama-Sash pods kufanele abe athambile futhi kube lula ukuwavula. Izinhlamvu eziqoqiwe kumele zomiswe kahle ngokufafaza ungqimba oluncanyana emaphephandabeni noma ngendwangu, kuvuse nsuku zonke. Kungcono ukugcina ubhontshisi ezitsheni ezomile ngesivimbo, uvule futhi uvule umoya ngezikhathi ezithile.
Ungalondolozi ubhontshisi owomile kabi lapho ugcinwa khona. Lokhu kungaholela ekuwohlokeni kwayo kanye nasekuthuthukisweni kwezifo zokukhunta.
Izinzuzo kanye nokulimaza ubhontshisi we-asparagus
Ekhuluma ngezinzuzo nokulimala kukabhontshisi we-asparagus, umuntu kufanele akhumbule hhayi kuphela izici zokudla zalesi sitshalo esimangalisayo. Ubhontshisi ungumhlengikazi omuhle kakhulu engadini. Labo abakhathalelayo ngokuzala kwenhlabathi ngeke balokothe ​​bangawanaki ubhontshisi, kanye neminye imidumba. Amabhishi obhontshisi asakazeka emhlabathini kuzo zonke izindlela izimpande okungenani zamamitha ubude, lapho i-glomeruli equkethe i-nitrogen inqwabelana. Lokhu kusho ukuthi amabhishi ebhontshisi athontshisa inhlabathi ngento ebaluleke kakhulu yomkhondo - i-nitrogen. Ngakho-ke, ubhontshisi (kanye nezinye izinhlobo zemidumba) yisitshalo esingumhlaba esidonsa cishe zonke izilimo zezolimo. Iziqongo zeBhontshisi zinika umquba omuhle kakhulu.
Ubhontshisi unekhono lokunqanda ama-shrews nama-moles. Esizeni lapho kukhula khona ubhontshisi, lezi zinambuzane ezinhle azisoze zivele. Ngale njongo, ubhontshisi kufanele utshalwe eceleni kwendawo, kanye nezihlahla ngazinye phakathi kwezinye izitshalo. Ubhontshisi usakha ngokushesha uhlaza oluhlaza. Ngakho-ke, izinhlobo eziphephezelayo zikuvumela ukuthi udale imigwaqo evulekile eyakhiwe ngemifino, uhlelele izithiyo zokuvikela umoya, kanye namakhukhamba omthunzi notamatisi ohlangothini oluseningizimu ezindlini zokugcina izithombo.
Ngokuqondene nezindawo zokudla zikabhontshisi we-asparagus, lokhu kuyindawo yokugcina izakhi zomsoco. Ama-pods aluhlaza aqukethe amavithamini A, C, iqembu B, i-iron, i-zinc, i-magnesium, i-potassium. Ubhontshisi we-string ugaywe kahle futhi umunwa ngumzimba, unomphumela we-diuretic. I-100 g yomkhiqizo inama-kcal angama-23 kuphela, okwenza kuthandeke kulabo abafuna ukunciphisa umzimba. Ama-pods acebile ngesilinganiso esithile samaprotheni kanye ne-fiber, inani elincane lama-carbohydrate.
Ungasebenzisa ubhontshisi oluhlaza ekuphekeni njengesitsha esizimele, noma njengengxenye yezinye izitsha nezitsha eziseceleni.
Izici ezilimazayo zamabhontshisi e-asparagus (kanye neminye imidumba) zifaka impahla yokubangela ukwanda kwegesi. Ngakho-ke, ubhontshisi awunconywa kubantu abanezifo ezingamahlalakhona zesistimu yokugaya ukudla, kanye nokwanda kwe-acidity yesisu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubhontshisi (hhayi i-asparagus kuphela!) Awukwazi ukudliwa ungavuthiwe noma umanzi. Iqiniso ngukuthi emphethweni wemidumba nobhontshisi kukhona into enobuthi - i-pheasant, engadala ubuthi obunamandla (i-pheasant ayitholakali kuphela emabhonteni obhontshisi weMash, ngakho-ke angadliwa aqhume). I-Pheasant ibhujiswa ukwelashwa okushisa, ngakho-ke ngisho namasaladi amasha, ama-pods weembotyi ze-asparagus angafakwa kuphela kwifomu ebilisiwe. Nge-jade ne-gout, ubhontshisi oluhlaza kufanele usetshenziswe ngokuqapha, kepha akufanele ushiye ngokuphelele le mifino ewusizo.
