Impikiswano ezungeze ukumba kwesiyingi sendawo yezihlahla sezilokhu ikhona, isazohlala isikhathi eside kakhulu, mhlawumbe uma nje izingadi zikhona. Muva nje impikiswano ephathelene nokuthi yini okufanele yenziwe ngezindlela zasengadini seyehlile: zingazifaka ngogandaganda, zihlanganise inhlabathi bese zihaya umoya kumakhelwane enkundleni, noma zisalungisa utshani ekuqaleni kwesigaba, zize zinikeze imbewu. Konke sekucacile lapha - banqume ukusika futhi kwabonakala sengathi bazokuqeda; kepha ukumba imibuthano eseduze-ne-trunk kuyindaba ehluke ngokuphelele.
Ukumba umbuthano wesiqu sesihlahlaOkuhlukahlukene kokuqukethwe kwesiyingi sesiqu sesihlahla sezithelo
Eqinisweni, kunezindlela ezimbalwa zokukhetha ukugcina isiqu sesihlahla sizungeze isihlahla, kukhona umusi omnyama (ukumba), usodding, no-mulching, futhi ngasinye salezi zinyathelo sinobubi nobubi. Isibonelo, ukugaya inhlabathi emgqeni osondelene nesiqu kanye nokufakwa ndawonye umganu owodwa kungahlanganiswa, kubandakanya nokunisela nokufaka umanyolo, ngenkathi kukhulisa ukusebenza kahle kwale mikhuba yezolimo.
Kepha ngaphandle kokwenza lutho, futhi ungathola lutho. Imvamisa uma usufunde izingosi ezahlukahlukene, umlimi, esesilinganise konke okuhle nokubi, ufinyelela kuhlobo oluthile lokuvumelana. Futhi amakhono akhe asemzimbeni ayisiza kulokhu (yeha, hhayi wonke umuntu unamandla okumba iziqu zeziqu zeziqu).
Izinzuzo zokumba isiqu sesihlahla
Ake siqale ngezinzuzo zokumba isiqu sanoma yisiphi isihlahla sezithelo. Okokuqala, futhi lokhu, mhlawumbe, into ebaluleke kunazo zonke, laphomba umgodi eduze zonke izinhlobo zezinambuzane, bahlala khona ebusika.
Ngemuva kwakho konke, yini esiyenzayo: okokuqala sisusa embuthanweni wesitobha wonke amagatsha, amahlamvu, zonke izinhlobo zikadoti, izithelo eziwile, bese sibamba ifosholo bese sibamba. Lokho wukuthi, konke lokho lapho “izimbungulu zesigcawu” kungacasha khona akusekho lapho, kufakwa ngenqwaba futhi kushiswe kwenye indawo ekugcineni kwengadi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma ingadi kulo nyaka ihlushwa izinambuzane, ukugaya inhlabathi ngaphandle kokusebenzisa i-mulching nge-humus kungabamba ngokweqile izigaba zobusika zezinambuzane nezifo, lezo ezinqunywe ukuthi zingabi sebusika ngamaqabunga awile noma izingxenye ezithile zokhuni, okungukuthi ezingxenyeni zenhlabathi, ekujuleni kokumba kwayo (amasentimitha ayi-10-15). Kulesi simo kuphela, inhlabathi ngemuva kokumba akumele idalulwe, noma ngabe idambuliwe kangako (okungukuthi, izigaxa).
Ukuhlanganisa okungathandabuzeki okulandelayo kuyinto aeration kwenhlabathi: Ukumba inhlabathi, noma ngabe kubukeka ngokungasho lutho, ngamasentimitha ayi-15- 10, sikhulisa kakhulu ukushintshiselana komoya kwenhlabathi nokushintshanisa kwamanzi, kanye nokuphula umhlabathi ongaphezulu. Ngenxa yalokho, umswakama ungangena ngokukhululekile emhlabathini futhi ngokweqile kwawo, okukhona impela omningi kulo nyaka, kuzohwamuka, izimpande zingadla izinto ezincibilikisiwe emanzini. Ngempela, ukuze izinqubo zithathe inkambo yazo, akudingeki amanzi kuphela nezinto ezincibilikisiwe kuyadingeka, kodwa nomoya.
Futhi kwesithathu: ngokumba inhlabathi thina qeda ngokuphelele bonkeqhudelanaezingancintisana nesihlahla (noma nesihlahla esidala) emzabalazweni wokudla nomswakama. Futhi lokhu, ngokweqiniso, kuyizinhlobonhlobo zokhula, futhi eziningi zazo, njengokuthi, i-dandelion noma ukhula olunotshani lukakolweni kugcwele kakhulu. Futhi uma isihlahla sisendlini yezwe, lapho ungavami ukuvakashela khona, kuyaqabukela ukondle futhi unisele inhlabathi kuphela ngezikhathi ezithile, bese ususa ngokuphelele isitshalo esikhulu, ngoba kungaphefumula impumuzo futhi uyeke ukwaba umswakama nokudla (kwesinye isikhathi kuyindlala kakhulu ) nezimbangi zakho.
Kumhlabathi onamafutha, ngokuntuleka kwendawo (futhi uyicabanga, kuhlale kunganele) ungakhula izitshalo ezikhula ngokushesha emthunzini, imifino, isithombo, ikakhulukazi, ngenkathi isitshalo sisencane futhi, ngokwemvelo, ngenkathi sinikeza isivuno ngokudla okwanele nomswakama. Kepha ngaphambi kwalapho, udinga ukulungisa inhlabathi kahle, uyigaye, ufake umanyolo, wenze imibhede nokunye okunjalo, okungukuthi, kufanele kube uphelele futhi unempilo umusi omnyama.
Ukugoqwa kombuthano osondelene nesiqu ngaphansi kwezihlahla zezithelo.
Ukumba umgodi esiqeshini esiseduze nesihlahla sezihlahla zezithelo
Kubukeka sengathi yonke into ihamba kahle, futhi sibambelela kufosholo, noma kunjalo, kungahle kube nobunzima ekucindezelweni okusebenzayo.
Okususa okuvame kakhulu ngukuthi ngokuswayipha okunamathisela i-bayonet spade kulo lonke ubude, silimaza uhlelo lwezimpande zezitshalo. Khumbula: kungcono ukumba inhlabathi endaweni eseduze nomlomo kuya ekujuleni kuka-10-15 cm, khona-ke asikho isidingo sokuqhubeka. Ungaziveza izimpande noma uzilimaze: zingaba yiqhwa ebusika, futhi ngomonakalo, njengasesangweni elivulekile, ukutheleleka kungangena kalula. Akukho lutho ongakwenza ngakho, kepha kumele uvume ukuthi lokhu akuyona iminithi yendlela uqobo, kodwa yomgcini wegadi, ikakhulukazi ozifundile, okuthi uma esefunde le migqa, angabe esakwenza lokho.
Ukwesibili kwesibili,, okumangazayo ngokwanele, kodwa Ukumba kaningi kungenzeka kungathuthuki, kepha kulimaze ikhwalithi yenhlabathi, ikakhulukazi eminyakeni ephelezelwa imimoya njalo nesomiso esijwayelekile: kusuka enhlabathini eyebiwe, umoya uzoba kancane ukudiliza ungqimba lwezakhi. Kepha kunemicimbi eminingi: okokuqala, uyini umhlabathi esizeni sakho: uma kungumhlabathi omnyama, khona-ke lokho okubizwa ngokuthi "ukuvimba" ungqimba ophezulu wokudla kuzoba yisiphepho kuphela, kepha-ke konke kuzohlupheka, hhayi lo muthi kuphela. Futhi uma inhlabathi ilula futhi inesihlabathi, ukumba lapho kungenzeka kungadingeki nhlobo, okungukuthi, ngokomqondo, ungakwenza ngokukhulula okuncane ukuphula ukugqwala kwenhlabathi.
Ukulahleka okukhulu komswakama, lesi ngesinye isizathu sokuthi kungcono ukungathinti inhlabathi. Lokhu kusebenza futhi kubahlali bezindlu zempahla zasendlini: uma unisela inhlabathi kancane, kepha uvame ukuzabalaza nokhula, ukhulula futhi ugaya umhlabathi, wena ngokwakho awufuni, uvuselele ukwanda komswakama kusuka ebusweni bawo ngisho nezendlalelo ezijulile, okuthi, ngokwemvelo, kuholele ekuphepheni komswakama enhlabathini, futhi izitshalo embuthanweni osondelene nesiqu “onjalo” ziqala ukoma ngenxa yokuntuleka komswakama. Futhi, lokhu akuyona inkinga yokumba inhlabathi, kepha inkinga yomuhlali ohlala ehlobo uqobo: kahle, ovimbela ukufakwa kwesistimu yokunisela okunisela noma inhlabathi enhle enomswakama ngemuva kokumba ngakunye. Ngithethelele, kepha uma unamandla anele okumba inhlabathi emgqeni osondelene nesiqu, lapho-ke kungenzeka ukuthi uzoba namandla anele okunisela lesi sihlahla! Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma inhlabathi ingumbiwe, yisho ukuthi, imvula encane noma ephakathi nendawo ayinamukeli enhlabathini, kodwa igeleza phansi kuqweqwe lomhlabathi, kanti nenhlabathi eyembiwe inezingcucu ezithile zobungozi, kepha kukhona lonke ithuba lokucebisa ngomswakama futhi.
Futhi ekugcineni - ukumba inhlabathi ekwindla, ikakhulukazi ezitshalweni ezisanda kutshalwa nezithelo zamatshe, kungaholela ekuvinjelweni kwe-banal kohlelo lwezimpande, futhi lokhu kuyingozi kakhulu futhi kungadala izifo ezifanayo futhi kuholele ekufeni kwesitshalo sisonke. Noma kunjalo, noma ngubani ovimba inhlabathi ukuthi ingangeni ngemuva kokumba, lo mulch uzongena ezingxenyeni ezijule kancane, amboze ngeqhwa, kuthi lapho iqhwa liphela, liphenduke libe ukudla kokuqala kwezitshalo ezisencane kakhulu eziyojabula ngesipho esinjalo bese zisisebenzisa ngenkathi usebenzisa ukungcola okungafanele ngeke uze ufike ezitshalweni.
Ngakho-ke, abalimi abaningi basaqhubeka nokumba inhlabathi ezindaweni eziseduze neziqu zezihlahla zezithelo, kodwa ngokuhlakanipha!
Ukumba zizungeze isiqu engadini.
Uyodonsa nini umbuthano wesiqu sesihlahla?
Abalimi abaningi bezithelo zokugcina umbuthano osondelene nesiqu uhlanzekile futhi bawumbile, okungukuthi, kumusi omnyama ngaphansi kwesihlahla seapula noma eliphakathi kwethanga, i-cherry noma iplamu, njalonjalo. Kulokhu, ukumba inhlabathi ngesikhathi esisodwa ongasinquma kancane, kungcono ukukufeza amahlandla amane noma mahlanu phakathi nesikhathi sonyaka.
Imvamisa okokuqala imibuthano yesiqu ymbiwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, lapho iqhwa liyancibilika futhi inhlabathi isifudumeza. Ukumba ngalesi sikhathi kukuvumela ukuthi ufudumele ngokushesha inhlabathi ukujula okuthe xaxa, bese ulinda isonto nje, uyiyeke ifudumale kahle, futhi ungayifaka ngokuphephile umquba ngensimbi yamasentimitha ambalwa, unikeze izitshalo izakhi zomsoco owengeziwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umquba, abaqala ukukhohlwa ngawo, uzokwehlisa ukukhula kokhula, futhi ukuhwamuka komswakama kuzokwehla, futhi nokushisa ngokweqile kwenhlabathi kuzoncipha. Ungahlanganisa nokumba inhlabathi ne-composting kanye nokufakwa komanyolo, isibonelo, i-nitroammophoski esefomini eluketshezi (isipuni esibhakeleni samanzi kanye namalitha ambalwa ngaphansi kwesihlahla).
Ngasikhathi sinye, zama ukumba inhlabathi hhayi ngqo esiqwini uqobo (ezitsheni zamatshe kuyingozi ukwenza lokhu, kunentambo yezimpande ebucayi: umswakama uzoqoqa bese intamo iqale ukuchitheka), ngoba ngokuyinhloko kukhona izimpande ezinde ezibambe isitshalo, futhi kude nokude. 12-15 cm kusuka esiqwini (isithako, izimpande ezisebenzayo kakhulu zivame ukutholakala kule ndawo). Umhlomulo wokumba okunjalo (ngokufanele) uzoba mkhulu.
Kubalulekile! Lapho ugaya inhlabathi ezungeze isihlahla, beka ifosholo onqenqemeni (kanye nokukhula kwezimpande, hhayi ngale kokukhula kwazo), ngakho-ke ingozi yokulimala ohlelweni lwezimpande zesihlahla izoncishiswa.
Chitha ukumba kwesibili kwenhlabathi maphakathi nehlobo, uyihlanganise nokwethula kwe-potassium sulfate (15-20 g nge-skwere sikwerekitha, futhi ingcono ngefomu lewuketshezi), ususa ukhula futhi, uma kunesidingo, ngokunisela (i-pair yamabhakede ngaphansi kwesihlahla). Ngemuva kwalokho ungafaka umquba ngomquba ka-0,5 kg ngaphansi kwesihlahla ngasinye (ngemuva kokumba).
Kubalulekile! Lapho wenza umquba ongavuthiwe ngaphansi kwezitshalo zamatshe, zama ukubuyela emuva kukhola yezimpande, ukuze uvikele ukuguga kwawo, amasentimitha angama-2-3, ngaphandle kokuthi awafaki umanyolo kuwo, kufaka phakathi ezinye izinhlobo zemboza ngabo izithombo zezihlahla.
Isidingo sokumba okwesithathu kwesinye isikhathi sinqunywa njengoba ukhula luvalele ukhula nokuqina kwenhlabathikubuye kususwe ukhula nokufaka umanyolo, kepha manje umlotha wezinkuni (umthombo wezinto ze-potassium nezokulandela umkhondo, kanye nensipho) noma isinaphi esingama-250 kuya kwangama-300 g00 kwisitshalo ngasinye. Ungathulisa izitshalo ngomquba, ikhilogremu elilodwa.
Ukumba kwesine kwenhlabathi kungenziwa ngoSepthemba, kuvunyelwe ukuhlanganisa nokunisela ukulayisha amanzi, uthele amabhakede wamanzi angama-5-6 ngaphansi kwesitshalo ngasinye izinsuku ezintathu noma ezine. Ekupheleni (ngemuva kokumba), ukuze umswakama ungashwibi, ungabuye ubhucule ubuso ngomquba wamasentimitha ayisigamu nesigamu. I-mulching yomquba ingasiza ekuvikeleni izimpande ezilinyazwe ngengozi lapho kugaya umhlabathi.
Ukumba kokugcina kwenhlabathi, esivele sikuthola kwesihlanu, kungenziwa ezinsukwini ezingama-5-7 ngaphambi kokuqala kwenkathi ngamazinga okushisa amabi aqinile. Lapha udinga ukususa umbuthano osusondele kuyo yonke imfucumfucu yesitshalo, uwugaye bese uwufaka ngokuqinile nge-humus, ungqimba we-4-5 cm, ukusindisa izimpande ekubandeni.
