Imvamisa, isikhathi eside ngaphambi kwama-nerds, abantu abavamile bavule futhi baqale ukusebenzisa isitshalo kwezokwelapha nasekuphekeni. Futhi uyaphakama. Uhlobo lwaseMelika lwegama lesiNgisi elithi heicher lubonwa nge-geranium. Ezikhathini zasendulo, lalisetshenziswa njengomuthi. AmaNdiya, ngokwesibonelo, asebenzisa izimpande zezitshalo ezibunjiwe emanxebeni nasezilimeni, isiqu sawo sisetshenziselwe umkhuhlane kanye nohudo.
Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zeGeichera ezethulwe eBritish International Engadini. © Andy MabbettURod Heicher (Heuchera) inezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-70 ezivamile eNyakatho Melika. Lezi izitshalo ze-hernace zisetshenziswa kakhulu ezingama-herbaceous ezingama-50 cm. Amacembe aqoqwe ku-rosette eyisisekelo, ezinhlanu-eziyisishiyagalolunye, ezithwetshiwe. Izitshalo zakha ama-peduncle amaningi, akhula futhi aqhakaze ngasikhathi sinye. Izimbali zincanyana, zipinki, zibomvu, zimhlophe, ziqoqwe kuma-inflorescence ethukile kufika ku-20 cm ubude. Izithelo ziyibhokisi. Ku-1 g kuya ku-20,000 imbewu.
Ngo-1601, isazi sezitshalo esidumile uCarl Clusius wachaza esinye sezitshalo ezalethwa ezifundeni ezisempumalanga yeNyakatho Melika, ngaphansi kwegama elithi Podlesnik Gorny (Sanicula montana) Le kwakuyincazelo yokuqala ye-geyhera yamanje ezincwadini. Kuyaziwa ukuthi kakade engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu le-17 lesi sitshalo sasitshalwa ezivandeni zaseFrance. Omunye wemidwebo yokuqala ye-heichera eyenziwe ngo-1698, nesiginesha "Cortusa americana floribus herbidis", igcinwe eMnyuziyamu Wezemvelo eLondon. Ngokokuqala ngqa, uJohn Tradescant Omncane waqala ukukhulisa umcebo, kwathi ngo-1656 kubhekwa usuku lokwethulwa emasikweni.
Kamuva, kwatholakala ezinye izinhlobo zohlobo lwe-Heicher genus futhi zachazwa. Encwadini yakhe yokuqala ngezimbali zemvelo zaseNyakatho Melika, uFlora Americae Sepentrionalis (1814), uFrederick Pursch wachaza izinhlobo ezinhlanu ezinomusa ezitholakala ngesikhathi sokuhamba kukaputeni uLewis noClark (ngo-1804-1806). Ngaso leso sikhathi eMexico kwatholakala igazi lika heichera libomvu (Heuchera sanguinea).
Umqoqi odumile uDavid Douglas ngonyaka we-1825-1827, ehamba nomfula iColumbia endaweni yesifunda samanje saseWashington, waqoqa okokuqala i-herbarium impahla heichera cylindrical (Heuchera cylindrica) kanye izimbali ezincane (UHeuchera micrantha) Umsebenzi wabathengisi abadumile baseMelika u-Asa Grey noJohn Torrey (1838-1843) unikeza incazelo eningiliziwe yezinhlobo esezivele zingu-15 zokuphaphama.
Kuze kube sekupheleni kwekhulu lama-20, izinhlobo ezikhulukazi kanye nezimo zazo zemvelo zazitshalwa ezivandeni, kepha akunakushiwo ukuthi lezi zitshalo zazidlangile. Isimo sishintshe kancane ngemuva kokufika kwe-hybrid heicher eFrance. Abafuyi abadumile uVictor no-Emil Lemoines baba ngabokuqala ukubandakanyeka ngokungathi sína ekuhlanganeni kwama-Heicher. Kukhathalogi yenkampani yabo ngonyaka we-1897, okokuqala ngqa, kukhulunywa ngesitshalo, esitholwe ngenxa yokuzalaniswa kwe-heicher red red and flowers encane, eqanjwe ngabadali hehera wagtail (Heuchera brizoides) Kamuva, u-Emil Lemoine wawela ephindelela inqola yezinsimbi kanye nokugeleza okuncane, kwaholela ku-1902-1908. nzalo eziningi zazalwa. Iqhaza lomlando walezi zitshalo ezi-hybrid likhulu kakhulu, ngoba baba yisisekelo sawo wonke umsebenzi owalandelayo wokuzalela nge-geychera.
Iminyaka ecishe ibe ngama-70, kusukela ngonyaka ka-1931, wonke umsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu wokuhlakulela amasimu amasha acijile wenziwa eNgilandi ngu-Alan Blum. Ikakhulu, wamukela imigqa engu-13 yozalo oluyinkimbinkimbi kusuka ekuweleni ama-heichers aseMelika, anemibala emincane, eyisilinda kanye noboya. Imbewu yenhlanganisela yabo ebizwa ngokuthi 'Bressingham nzalo'izinkampani eziningi zaphesheya zisathengisa.
HeicherIminyaka yadlula, abafuyi basebenza, kepha uGehera wayesalokhu eyisitshalo esincane esivamile engadini. Kepha e-USA kwavela isizukulwane esisha sabafuyi bezimpahla, abathandana nalesi siko futhi besazisa ngokweqiniso ubuhle baso, kodwa busetshenziswa kancane yileso sikhathi sofuzo. Ngenxa yemisebenzi yabo, enhle enhle, izinhlobo zoqobo ze-geicher kwavela ezazithandwa ngabatshali bezimbali abavela kuwo wonke amazwe.
Izici zokukhula okucashile
Indawo
IGeichera - izitshalo ezingenakukhalipha. Izimo ezidingekayo ezingatheni zokutshala kwazo zikhona kuzo zonke izinhlobo: amanzi ajulile, umdweshu onamabala, inhlabathi enomswakama, ukufakwa kwemali okugunyaziwe kanye ngonyaka noma ngonyaka kamuva. Ukufaka indawo engxenyeni yomqhele wesihlahla se-apula noma ezungeze izihlahla kuhlinzeka umthunzi kanye nendawo yokuhlala ngamaqabunga ebusika.
IGeichera iyasebenza (ayizinzile) ngokubhekela emazingeni okushisa nokuqina. Izinhlobo ezihlukile zingashintsha kakhulu umbala wamaqabunga, isikhathi nobukhulu bezimbali ngezinga lokushisa elihlukile nezimo zokukhanya, ngakho-ke, ukunquma izimo ezifanele zezilwane ezifuywayo kungenziwa ngokuhlolwa.
Izimbali zeGechera zibomvu igazi. © Prescott ParkOkuphakeme kakhulu bakhetha ukukhanya kwelanga ngqo ekuseni.
Inhlabathi
Isitshalo asinciphisi, kepha sikhetha ukukhanya, okuvundisiwe kahle, okutshalwe emhlabathini kuze kube ngu-20 cm. Inhlabathi yomquba noma i-humus isetshenziselwa enhlabathini emnyama ngesilinganiso se-10 kg / m2. Ezindaweni ezinomswakama nokuqina kwamanzi, ama-rhizomes anempilo ayabola futhi izitshalo ziyafa.
Njengoba iningi elicebile lihlala ezintabeni, lincamela ukukhipha amanzi kahle ezivandeni. Ukuqinisekisa ukutholakala kwamanzi kwenhlabathi, kunconywa ukuthi ungeze isihlabathi somfula noma umkhovu omuhle kuwo, ikakhulukazi endaweni yamaqabunga. Umquba we-coarse-grained noma i-bark echobozekile kufanele ingezwe emhlabathini. IGeichera, njengezitshalo ezisezindaweni ezinamadwala, iyakwazi ukumelana ne-pH ye-alkal efinyelela ku-8,5, kodwa, njengoba uJames ebhala, bajabule kuphela nge-pH yenhlabathi ukusuka ku-5.8 kuya ku-6.3.
Ukufika kukaHeikhera
Entwasahlobo, thina, silangazelela umhlaba, sifuna ngokushesha ukuthenga nokutshala okuthile. Kodwa-ke, ukuthenga i-geyhera ngohlelo lwezimpande oluvulekile, futhi ngaphandle kwamaqabunga, kuyindlela yokuhlola ngesibindi. Uma unenhlanhla, futhi isitshalo esivela ku-batch esanda kulethwa, sikhula kahle futhi izimpande bese siqala ukukhula. Kodwa-ke, izitshalo (ezinhlobonhlobo ezifanayo, ezivela kumthengisi ofanayo naku-batch efanayo), ezithengwe ngemuva kwesonto futhi zigcinwe ngalesi sikhathi ngaphandle kokulondolozwa okufanele, ngokushesha zilahlekelwa ukusebenza kwazo. Noma kubukeka sengathi lesi sitshalo singaphindiselwa kabusha, kungcono ukungazifaki engozini.
Lindela amasonto angama-3-4, bese kuthi izihlahla ezibunjiwe zizothengiswa - izitshalo ezinohlelo oluvaliwe lwezimpande. Lapho-ke ungakhetha isibonelo esaziwayo sokuphila.
IGeichera, ibanga 'Obsidian'. © Kym PokornyIzitshalo ezincane kumele zitshalwe emhlabathini omuncu omuncu. Emhlabathini osindayo, izitshalo “zingomile”, zinokubonakala kokucindezelwa, zingaziphathi kahle, futhi zishintshe umbala nokwakheka kweqabunga.
Uma kungakapheli izinsuku ezimbalwa emva kokuthenga ungabi nethuba lokunakekela i-geyhera encane, udinga ukuyinisela futhi uyihambise kahle, ukuyimboza ngebhokisi elinezindawo ezilandwayo.
Manje uma usuthengisiwe ungathola "izingane" ezincane kakhulu ezima izimpande kahle, kepha udinga ukuzitshala engadini ngokwehlukana ukuze omakhelwane bangaweli amahlumela.Uma ukhule njengomuntu osemdala, thokozela ubukhulu bawo kanye nokuhlobisa kwayo, futhi ungayitshala endaweni ehlala njalo. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu lapho ukukhula izinhlobo ezingaziwa.
Ukunakekelwa Okuphakeme
Emvelweni, i-heichera kuyaqabukela ikhula enhlabathini enokudla okunezakhi eziphezulu, akudingi lokhu kumasiko. Kufanele zondliwe ngezikhathi ezithile ngesisombululo somanyolo wamaminerali kuphela, kepha engxenyeni yokuhlushwa yezinye izitshalo zasengadini. Ukulandela izeluleko zikaHaymes, kungcono ukudicilela phansi abacebile kunokudla ngokweqile. Into efanayo ngokunisela - into esemqoka ukugwema ukweqisa.
Ukuhlukahluka kumbala nephethini yamaqabunga eHeichera. © Cleeve NurseryAmabhasi adinga ukwakhiwa minyaka yonke, ngoba izisekelo zawo zikhula ngaphezu kwezinga lomhlabathi. Izidingo zokufakelwa njalo. Ngeshwa, i-geyhera igcina ukuhlotshiswa kokuphuma ngaphandle kweminyaka engaphezu kwama-3-5, ngemuva kwalokho isihlahla siqhekeka futhi sikhombisa maphakathi wayo ongenalutho. Lokhu kuwuphawu lokuthi sekuyisikhathi sokuvuselela kabusha isitshalo - usike bese usihlukanisa ube izingxenye, izisekelo ezingama-2-3 kwisinye. Le nqubo yenziwa kangcono entwasahlobo, lapho kuvela amaqabunga amasha, kepha ngaphambi kokuqhakaza.
Kuhle ukumboza izinhlobo ezinamagobana akhanyayo kanye nezitshalo ezincane ngaphambi kokuqala ubusika ngamahlamvu e-oki.
Izifo Nezinambuzane
Isiko lizinzile impela.
Ukwanda okusheshayo kwenani lokutshala impahla yezinhlobo ezintsha, njengomthetho, kudala izinkinga ezihambisana nezifo nezinambuzane. Amaqoqo acijile asembalwa, okusho ukuthi “izifo zokukhula” azikafiki kithi. Iminenke emikhulu nama-slugs kungalimaza amaqabunga amancanyana kanye namadala. Amaconsi wonke amakoloni ahlala emaqabungeni futhi awaquqele. Amacembe aqhakazelayo athinteka ngokubona futhi isikhutha - i-Downy isikhutha esidalwe ukhunta lwePlasmopara.
Izifo zeGeicher azivamile. Amanzi aqinile, ukweqiwa kwendaba ye-organic nenhlabathi enama-acid kungavusa ukubola kwezimpande. Njengoba usuthole izimpawu zokuthi uyafisa, kufanele usike okuphumayo ube izicubu ezinempilo, ushiye amaqabunga amancane bese ususa isiqu esivele ngendlela evamile.
Ukufuya okunomusa
Izinhlobo ezintsha ezicebile ziyabiza, kepha izitshalo eziningi ezinemibala ethokozisayo zingatshalwa kusuka ezinhlanyelweni. IGeichera isakazeka kalula ngembewu. Imbewu ezimnyama eziyindilinga zifana nembewu encanyana ye-poppy futhi idinga amanzi nokukhanya ukuze ikhule. Zingahlwanyelwa ngokushesha ngemuva kokuvunwa, futhi zingagcinwa isikhashana (kungcono kungabi ngaphezu kwezinyanga eziyisithupha).
Ukuzihlikihla akudingekile. Izithombo zivela emavikini amabili noma amathathu ngemuva kokuhlwanyela. Isendlalelo sembewu kufanele sikhishwe kahle, ungangeza i-30% perlite noma enye impuphu yokubhaka yenhlabathi kuyo. Imbewu kufanele icindezelwe kancane ngaphandle ukuze ingagezwa ngamanzi lapho inisela, noma ifafazwe nge-vermiculite emincane. Ngokushintsha umbala we-vermiculite, umuntu angahlulela ukomiswa kwe-substrate. Isitsha sembewu singafakwa esikhwameni seplastiki noma ebhokisini. Kubalulekile ukuvikela ukoma kwembewu.
I-Geichera, ibanga 'i-Snow Angel'Izithombo ziyantshontsha lapho kuvela amaqabunga wangempela ayi-2 emabhokisini noma emigqonyeni. Zitshalwe emhlabathini ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi - ekuqaleni kukaJuni, zigcina ibanga elingafika ku-20 cm. Ubusika bumboza ngamahlamvu. Izitshalo ezincane ziyaqhakaza ngonyaka wesithathu.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwezihlahla kwenziwa kangcono entwasahlobo, ngoMeyi, kepha kungenziwa ekwindla (ukuphela kuka-Agasti - ingxenye yokuqala kaSepthemba). Emhlabathini wenhlabathi ngesikhathi sokutshala ekwindla, izitshalo zingaba yiqhwa ebusika, ikakhulukazi ngokuhlukaniswa okuphambili kwama-rhizomes. Ukuqhekeka ngakunye kumele kube nezimpande okungenani nezinso ezinhlanu ezikhule kahle. Ukwahlukaniswa kwesihlahla kunconywa ukuba kwenziwe ngesandla, ngaphandle kokusebenzisa amathuluzi. Ibanga lokufika 20-25 cm.
IGeichera isakazwe kalula ngokusika. Izilimo kufanele zibe ngaphambi kokuqhakaza izimbali noma ngokushesha nje emva kwazo. Akunconywa ukuhlukanisa izihlahla ekwindla, njengoba ukususwa kwasekwindla kusuka izimpande futhi kungabekezeleli ubusika. Bhula isihlahla “esidala” bese usihlukanisa sibe ama-rosette angama-2-3, bese ufinyeza isiqu sendwangu ngendwangu encane, ushiye “isithende” kuphela. I-cutle kufanele icwiliswe ku "Kornevin" bese itshalwe ngokushesha ebhodweni elincane, uthele isixazululo se "Kornevin" ngokwemiyalo. Ungakhohlwa ngokunisela kanye shading.
Izinhlobo zeHeicher
I-Heicher American - Heuchera americana.
Ukubuka kwehlathi. Izilwane zasendle zikhula empumalanga North America. Igcwele ugu olusogwini lweLwandle Olukhulu. EMelika, ibizwa nge- geraniums yasezintabeni. Ikhetha inhlabathi ecebile, ikhula emaphethelweni wokukhanya ovulekile noma emthunzini ovulekile wezihlahla.
Kulesi heichera, amaqabunga kuphela abukeka, akha irosette elihle ukuphakama cm 15-20. Amaqabunga angaphansi angaba ne-hue brown brown. Zinezinhliziyo ezindilinga-nxazonke, ezinama-petioles amade. Ukuphakama kwama-peduncle ngamasentimitha angama-50-60. Izimbali ziphuzi-luhlaza, ziqoqwe ku-inflorescence ethukile. Iqhakaza kusukela ngoJuni 50-60 izinsuku. Uhlobo lwe-heicher lolu luthakazelisa kuphela kubaqoqi kanye nabavunisi. Ngokwesiko kusukela ngo-1656.
UHeichera onwele - Heuchera villosa.
Ukhula ezigodini ezisempumalanga ye-Mississippi.
Unamaqabunga amakhulu, amahle, velvety, petioles, kanye ne-pubescent peduncle. Izimbali zincanyana futhi zingabonakali, ziluhlaza okotshani. Isibonelo, izinhlobonhlobo ze-Bronze Wave ezitholakala emvelweni zinamaqabunga ethusi akhuluphayo afinyelela ku-20 cm ubukhulu. Lolu hlobo luthanda inhlabathi enenhlabathi enama-humus-rich, nenomswakama, ngakho-ke iguqulwa kahle ukuze ilinywe engadini. Amanye ama-grower abekezelela umthunzi. Izitshalo ezinhlobonhlobo zinamaqabunga amakhulu aluhlaza okotshani, onsomi noma umbala we-apricot-bronze. Kusuka edolobheni lezinwele kuqhamuka izinhlobo ezidumile ze- 'Palace Purple', eziqanjwe ngo-1991 njengezikhathi zonyaka.
I-Heichera hybrid - I-Heuchera hybrida hort.
Abafuyi bakwazile ukuthola inzalo e-interspecific ngokuwela i-geyher ebomvu-gazi nge-geyher yaseMelika ngokubamba iqhaza kwe-geyher enezimbali ezincane. U-Lemoine ubize leli qembu le-nzalo ngokuthi i-waggle heicher (Heuchera brisoides). Ama-hybrids afana ne-g-red g., Kepha ahluke kuwo ngamaqabunga amakhulu, izimbali nezinyawo. Ziqhakaza isikhathi eside (kufika ezinyangeni ezimbili) futhi ngaphezulu kakhulu ngezimbali ezimhlophe, ezibomvana, zamakhorali, nezimbali ezibomvu. Amaqabunga aluhlaza kakhulu, enendawo ehlukile noma enamabala amhlophe nokhilimu. Izimbali eziqhakazayo zinikeza isithombe sokuqhuma kwemililo yemikhosi, enikeza ukukhanya okuhle okumnandi ezingadini zezimbali. Okuwukuphela kwendlela yokudonsa ukufakwa kwama-peduncle ngenani elikhulu lezimbali ezivela emvuleni nasemoyeni.
Izinhlobo nzalo eziyinkimbinkimbi ezitholakele ngokuwela i-hehera yaseMelika nge-hehera egeleza kahle ngokubamba ezinye izinhlobo, njengesibonelo, uHeuchera villosa, kwakhela iqembu okuthiwa yi-American nzalo (Heuchera americana).
Igazi likaHeichera libomvu - Heuchera sanguinea.
Kwenzeka ezindaweni ezinezintaba emazweni aseningizimu ye-US - i-Arizona neNew Mexico, kanye nasenyakatho neMexico. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi i-latitude yale ndawo ihambelana nesimo sezulu esingaphezu kwamazinga aphansi, lolu hlobo lwamakhaza aluhlaza kahle eCentral Russia, lihlushwa isomiso kuphela ehlobo elishisayo. Lesi yisitshalo esihle ngokungajwayelekile, abaseMelika basibiza ngensimbi ebomvu.
Amaqabunga e-geyhera ebomvu-gazi anezicubu ezixineneyo kunezinye izinhlobo. Ziyindilinga, i-serated, i-pubescent. Bakha irosette elihlanganisiwe elingama-20-25 cm ukuphakama. Ukuphakama kwama-peduncle aqine impela cishe ku-50 cm. Izimbali zingama-bell amancane omile, okusajingijolo, opinki noma obomvu, aqoqwe ngephaneli ebukekayo yobude obuyi-20 cm. Blooms ngoJuni-Agasti 60-90 izinsuku. Kuthela izithelo.
Le nhlobo eqinile ikhula kahle futhi ifihlwe enkabeni yedolobha laseRussia, ikhetha inhlabathi ekhanyiswe kahle nendawo evulekile, enomoya opholile kodwa enamabala amancane. Lesi sitshalo siyabekezelela isomiso, kepha sihlushwa ukushisa ngokweqile elangeni elivulekile.
IGeichera engadini yezimbaliNamuhla, i-heichera yokuhlobisa nethathekayo, ngenxa yemibala egqamile nenothileyo, izinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobonhlobo, isibe izitshalo ezidumile, zemfashini nezithandeka kakhulu, okwesibili kuphela komgcini. Njengegugu eliyigugu, bayakwazi ukuhlobisa noma iyiphi ingadi yezimbali, futhi izinhlobonhlobo ezinhle nezichichima izimbali ziyonezela ukukhanya nobukhazikhazi ezinhlelweni zezimbali. Izinhlobo zesimanjemanje kanye ne-nzalo ehlanzekile yokuhlobisa, ekhangayo, engabekezeleliyo, ebusika-iqine, kulula ukuyinakekela. Futhi okwamanje, lezi zitshalo azisajwayelekile kakhulu ezivandeni zaseRussia.
