ILilac - ongowokuzalwa emndenini wakwa-Olive. Namuhla, kunezinhlobo zazo ezingaphezu kweshumi nambili, ezivame kakhulu eSoutheast Europe. Izinhlobo zeLilac zihlukile ngombala wezimbali futhi zihlukile ngokwemithetho yokunakekelwa. Idume kakhulu eRussia: abantu bayayitshala ezindaweni zabo, ezingadini nasezindaweni ezihlangene. Ukutshala ama-lilacs inqubo elula. Ukubusa okuyinhloko kungumhlabathi olungiselelwe kahle, ondliwe ngamanyolo akhethekile.
Incazelo ye-Bush
ILilac inamaqabunga ahlukene, awela ebusika. Izimbali zinombala opinki, onsomi noma omhlophe. Kuhleliwe kuma-panicles aphela amagatsha. I-calyx encane ebunjiwe yinsimbi enamazinyo ama-4. ICorolla iyi-cylindrical in shape, enobubanzi obuhlukaniswe kane. AmaLilac anezitamu ezimbili ezinamathele kahle kushubhu. I-ovary eyodwa enenhlamba kabili.
Namuhla, enye yezinhlobo ezejwayelekile zama-lilacs asetshenziselwa ukutshala yi-lilac ejwayelekile. Isihlahla esinjalo sinokubukeka kokunethezeka, sidonsa hhayi kuphela ngezimbali ezinhle, kodwa nangephunga elimnandi. I-lilac kulula ukuyitshala, ayinakungabaza ukuyinakekela, iyasinda kahle emhlabathini ovulekile.
Namuhla, kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwama-10 zama-lilacs aziwayo.
Indawo yokuhlala
Indawo enhle yokutshala ama-lilacs inhlabathi enomswakama ene-acidity engathathi hlangothi. Amabhasi aseLilac athande ukukhanya kwelanga, ngakho-ke isikhathi esiningi kufanele kube ngaphansi kwelanga.
Isitshalo esinjalo asikhuli ezindaweni ezinamaxhaphozi, amanzi amaningi athukuthelisa ukubola kohlelo lwezimpande. Uma kungekho enye indawo yokutshala, khona-ke ama-lilac anconywa ukuthi atshalwe emagqumeni akhanyiswe kahle yilanga. Emthunzini, lesi sitshalo siqhakaza kabi.
Ukutshala nini
Abahlali abanolwazi lwehlobo batusa ukutshala izihlahla ze-lilac ngasekupheleni kwehlobo nasekwindla yokuqala. Ngakho-ke, izithombo zinezimpande kahle futhi kungenzeka zibekezelele kahle ubusika. Isikhathi sokufika kukhethwa ekuseni noma kusihlwa. Ukutshala isihlahla akunconywa elangeni elihangulayo, isimo sezulu esinamafu sizoba isikhathi esingcono kakhulu. Ukuze utshale ama-lilacs, lungisa inhlabathi ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
Ukulungiselela ama-lilacs wokutshala
Ukutshala i-lilac kahle, udinga ukulungiselela kusengaphambili. Emavikini lamabili ngaphambi kokutshala, bhala izimbobo ezijulile - ububanzi bube ngama-40 cm, ukujula okungama-30-45 cm. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukulungiselela umhlabathi ngokufanele ukuze utshale. Umgodi ngamunye ugcwaliswa ngenhla ephezulu yenhlabathi evundile, lapho kudingekile khona ukufaka umquba obolile, i-peat ne-humus. Okulandelayo, kufakwa cishe ama-20 kg wezingubo ezi-organic. Uma inhlabathi ifakwe acidic, engeza 2 kg of lime. Inhlabathi enesihlabathi iqukethe i-magnesium encane, ngakho-ke i-calcareous tuff ingeniswa enhlabathini enjalo ngesimo sefulawa ye-dolomite. Futhi, kumanyolo wezimbiwa kufakwa emthonjeni ngamunye:
- i-superphosphate - 1 kg;
- ufulawa we-phosphorite - 0,3 kg;
- i-potassium sulfate - 100 g;
- izinkuni zomlotha - 800 g.
Ngemuva kokuxuba wonke umanyolo, kuyadingeka ukuthi wazingenise enhlabathini ukuze ingxenye enkulu iwele phansi komgodi.
Ukutshala ama-lilacs
Ngemuva kokutshala ama-lilacs ezweni, awugcini nje ngokubabaza ubuhle bokubuka endaweni yakho, kodwa futhi ujabulele iphunga elimnandi lezimbali zalo. Ukufakelwa kwezinkuni kungenziwa entwasahlobo noma eduze nasekwindla. Abahlali abanolwazi lwehlobo batusa ukutshala izihlahla ekwindla.
Ngaphambi kokuqhubeka nenqubo yokutshala, kuyadingeka ukuthi uhlole uhlelo lwezimpande ngomonakalo. Uma impande yesitshalo yonakele, inqunywa ngamatshe engadi. Ngemuva kokunquma, impande kufanele igxishwe kucezwana lobumba nomquba.
Uma izimbobo zingalungiswa ngaphambi kokutshala ama-lilacs, khona-ke agcwaliswa aze aphakathi nendawo futhi ahlanganiswe kahle. Okulandelayo, kwenziwa isilayidi esincane kusuka emhlabathini lapho kutholakala khona impande yesitshalo. Kubalulekile ukuqondisa uhlelo lwezimpande ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene. Ukuze ugweme ukujula kwesihlahla ngemuva kokuncipha kwenhlabathi, intamo yezimpande ibekwa ngaphezu kuka-5 cm ukusuka emhlabathini. Ngemuva kokufafaza impande ngesendlalelo senhlabathi esondliwe ngaphezulu, umgodi umbozwe inhlabathi esele, unyathela ngezinyawo zakho ngobumnene. Ukuhlangana kufanele kwenziwe ngokunakekela ukuze kungalimali izimpande zesitshalo. Eduze kwesihlahla yenza i-roller esuka emhlabathini ngokuphakama okungama-10-20 cm, yakha umgodi wokunisela okuhle. Esihlahleni esisodwa kungamalitha angama-20 amanzi. Ngemuva kokuba umswakama usungenile, ungqimba lomhlabathi owomile luyabekwa phansi bese kuhlanganiswa i-peat - cm 5. Ukutshala ama-lilacs enhlabathini kufanele kwenziwe ngokwemithetho yonke, uma kungenjalo ngeke kube nokuqhakaza okuningi.
Ungayinakekela kanjani
ILilac - lesi sitshalo asikho esimweni esijabulisayo, asidingi imithetho ekhethekile yokunakekelwa.
Ukutshala izihlahla kunconywa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo noma ekwindla. Kungcono ukufika emhlabeni ngoSepthemba. Umthetho okuwukuphela kwawo obalulekile ekunakekeleni isitshalo ukuthambisa ejwayelekile. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ngamakati amancanyana. Izitshalo zabantu abadala ziyaniselwa ngesikhathi sesomiso.
I-lilac yokuthena
Entwasahlobo, isihlahla sidinga ukuncipha kwamagatsha omisiwe, kanye nalawo magatsha akhula ngaphakathi kwesitshalo. Ama-panicles asevele aqhakaza nawo asikiwe, kodwa ngokucophelela okukhulu, ngaphandle kokulimaza amahlumela - izimbali ezintsha kungekudala zizovela kubo. Amabhishi anjalo awadingi izimo ezikhethekile zokulungiswa, kepha ukuthambisa nokuthena okujwayelekile yimithetho ebalulekile.
Uma usika i-lilac ekwindla, khona-ke ngonyaka olandelayo kungenzeka ungaqhakaza.
Ngephutha, unganquma amahlumela ngezinsimbi ezakhekile, ezingakhuthaza ukuqhakaza okulimazayo noma ukungabikho kwayo.
Ukwakhiwa kwe-Bush
Ukuze wakhe isihlahla kahle, udinga ukudala isisekelo. Isihlahla se-lilac sakhiwe ngamagatsha esiqu angu-3-4. Ngonyaka wokuqala, amagatsha akhula agobile kumele asuswe.
Ngonyaka olandelayo, yilawo kuphela amahlumela akhula ngaphakathi anqunywe. Ngakho-ke, umqhele wesitshalo ngokulinganayo ukhula ngaphandle kwezimpawu. Ngemuva kokuthi lokhu kwenziwe, akunconywa ama-lilacs
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Isitshalo sidinga umanyolo, kodwa hhayi wonke. Kufanele unakekele umanyolo we-nitrogen ne-organic, ngaphandle kwalokho isitshalo ngeke siqhakaze futhi ngeke sibekezelele iqhwa ebusika.
Umanyolo ongcono kakhulu wama-lilacs kuzoba ukwethulwa kokugqoka okuyinkimbinkimbi entwasahlobo kanye nomanyolo we-potassium phosphate ngemuva kokuqhakaza. Ukuvula inhlabathi kwenziwa ngokunakekela, ukuqaphela ukuthi kungalimali izimpande zesitshalo.
Ukuzala
Kunezindlela eziningi zokusakaza ama-lilac bush:
- ngembewu;
- ukusika;
- amahlumela ezimpande;
- kugonywe.
Ukusakazwa kwembewu
I-lilac yasendle isakazeka ngembewu. Kunconywa ukuba ubahlwanyele ekwindla noma entwasahlobo. Ngaphambi kokutshala, imbewu ihamba ngokuqina kwezinyanga ezimbili ekushiseni kwama-2 kuya ku-5 degrees. Ama-lilac anjalo atshalwa entwasahlobo ngoMashi emabhokisini anomhlaba oshaywe kahle. Amahlumela wokuqala avela vele ngosuku lwe-10. Lapho amaqabunga akha, izitshalo zidluliselwa emabhokisini e-seedling. Kamuva izithombo ziyangena. Ngemuva kwe-dive, amakhasi atshalwa ngoMeyi - ekuqaleni kukaJuni.
Ngaphambi kokutshala imbewu, kubalulekile ukwenza inqubo yokuqina.
Ukusakazwa ngokusika
AmaLilacs ezinye izinhlobo asakazwa ukusikwa eduze kwentwasahlobo, futhi izindlela zokugomela nokugoba ziyasetshenziswa. Ukusika kwenziwa ekuqaleni kwezimbali. Isiqu esinjalo kufanele sibe ne-node eyodwa nama-buds amabili. Ukusikwa kwenziwa ngezansi, ngemuva kokubuyisa isentimitha eyi-1 kusuka ezinso, amaqabunga aphansi asuswe.
Ukutshala izinto kungaphathwa ngekuvuselela ukukhula. Ama-cuttings atshalwe kumuntu obuyi-1 cm.
Ukusakazwa izimpande izimpande
Ukudubula kokuqala kufanele kuhlukaniswe ekuqaleni kwehlobo. Ngaphambi kokuthi uqale ukuzala ngale ndlela, inhlabathi kufanele iswakanyiswe kahle. Kungcono ukwenza inqubo ngosuku olunamafu ukuze ugweme ukoma kwezimpande. Ubude bezimpande ezinjalo kufanele bungabi ngaphezu kwama-5 cm. I-Peetet noma isihlabathi esinamanzi sibekwe phansi kwebhokisi elikhethekile lokuntywila. Izithombo zitshalwe emabhokisini bese zifafazwa kusuka kusibhamu sokufafaza. Ngokulandelayo, amabhokisi athunyelwa endaweni epholile.
Ukugoma
I-inoculation yenziwa ngeso lokulala noma ukusikeka. Ungasidonsa isitshalo ehlobo ngesidleke sokulala, entwasahlobo - esivele isiqalile ukuvusa. Lapho uhluma kwentwasahlobo, ukusika kufanele kulungiselelwe ngoFebhuwari, futhi kugcinwe emakhazeni ezinqwaba ezincane ezongwe ephephandabeni. Izinga lokusinda lokusikwa okunjalo ngu-80%. Bazobekezelela kahle ubusika, ngeke bangenwe yisifo.
Isithasiselo sezimbali siqala ukulungiswa kusuka maphakathi nehlobo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sika amagatsha asebusweni abade besitshalo aze afike ku-15 cm bese ususa amahlumela.
Kuyafuneka ukuthi unake: akunconywe ukuncipha ama-lilacs ngaphambi kokukhula, ngoba izindawo ezisikiwe kungenzeka zingabi nesikhathi sokuphola.
Ubukhulu bentamo yomsuka esikhungweni sezimpande kufanele buhluke kusuka ku-0,5 kuye ku-1.5 cm. Amagxolo esitshalo kufanele ahlukaniswe kahle nesiqu. Ngakho-ke, isonto ngaphambi kokuxhunyelelwa esihlahleni, kufanele siphuziswe kahle.
Ngosuku okuhlelelwe ngalo ukuchelela, isitoko siyovuselelwa, futhi indawo lapho igatsha liyohlanganiswa khona lisulwe ngendwangu emanzi. Izilimo zilungiselelwe ukuvuthwa njengoba zivuthwa. Ubukhulu obuhle bokusika okukodwa kungama-3-5 mm, ubude bube ngama-30 cm.
Ukusika okunjalo kugcinwa emakhazeni izinsuku eziyi-10 nge-moss emanzi noma sawdust.
Ukusuka ekuhlolweni okuvuthiwe, ungathola ngokugcwele izinso eziyishumi kuya kweziyi-15. Isikhathi esingcono kakhulu sokuqhakaza maphakathi no-Julayi.
Ukulwa Nezifo Nezinambuzane
Njenganoma yisiphi isitshalo - i-lilac isisengozini yezifo. Enye yezinto eziyingozi kulesi sitshalo i-lilac moth ne-bacterial necrosis.
Lilac Moth
Lesi sifo sithinta ingxenye eluhlaza yesihlahla - amaqabunga. Ekuqaleni kwalesi sifo, zimbozwa ngamabala ansundu, bese ziyancipha bese yomile. Isihlahla esinjalo sifana kakhulu nokushiswa. Ngeshwa, inundu lezokumbiwa phansi liyasibulala ngokuphelele lesi sitshalo, futhi ngonyaka olandelayo alisaqhakaza.
Ukulwa namabhu akunzima. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kunconywa ukwenza umgodi wokuvimbela inhlabathi ezungeze isihlahla. Sika futhi ushise amahlumela alimele ngesikhathi.
I-bacterial necrosis
Ngokuvamile kutholakala ngo-Agasti. Ukudluliselwa kwalesi sifo kwenzeka ngamanzi, ngezinto ezisezingeni eliphansi zokutshala noma ngezinambuzane zezinambuzane. I-bacterial necrosis hibernates ezicutshini zamagatsha agulayo, amaqabunga awile. ILilac ethintwe yilesi sifo inamaqabunga ansundu kanye namahlumela ansundu. Ekuqaleni kwesifo, ingxenye eluhlaza yesitshalo iyathinteka ikhuphuke, bese isifo sehla.
Ukuze uvikele ama-lilacs kulesi sifo, kubalulekile ukuvikela izinambuzane ngesikhathi esifanele. Futhi, izindlela zokuthintela zifaka amaqabunga ewile futhi namagatsha esihlahla anesi sifo. Uma isihlahla sithinteka ngokuphelele, kunconywa ukumba ukusishise, ngaphandle kwalokho lesi sifo sizothinta yonke into ezungezile.
I-bacterial necrosis yisifo esiyingozi kuma-lilacs. Ungawanaki ama-prophylactic agents.
Ukufakelwa kweLilac
Akubona abantu abaningi bazi ukuthi isitshalo esinjenge-lilac sidinga ukufakelwa. Ngesikhathi sokukhula okusebenzayo, isihlahla sithatha emhlabathini zonke izinto ezizidingayo. Inqubo yokumunca izinto isebenza impela, noma ngabe kwenziwa umanyolo ngesikhathi sokutshala.
Ukufakelwa kwesihlahla se-lilac kunconywa ukuba kwenziwe ngasekupheleni kwehlobo. Ukufakelwa kungaphansi kwezitshalo zabantu abadala esezifinyelele eminyakeni engama-2-3.
Ngaphambi kwenqubo yokufakelwa, kulungiswa umgodi. Ukulungiselela kwenziwa ngokuya ngomgomo ofanayo nowokutshala - inhlabathi ivundiswa ngomanyolo wamaminerali.
Indawo yokufakelwa iyanconywa ukukhetha i-sunny, unboggy.
Ngaphambi kokufakelwa, isihlahla siyahlolwa ukuba khona kwamagatsha omile adinga ukususwa. Ngemuva kokuhlolwa, isihlahla sibekwa emgodini ojulile.
Indawo yokufakelwa kwenye indawo kufanele inikezwe ngaphambi kokuphakelwa ngomanyolo futhi ikhanyiswe kahle yilanga.
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula: izimpande zesitshalo kufanele zigcinwe ngezindlela ezihlukile.
Ukudlulisa isihlahla se-lilac kukhuthaza ukukhula okusebenzayo nokuqhakaza okuningi kwesihlahla.
I-Lilac - isitshalo esinokuzithoba ekunakekelweni, kepha sidinga imithetho ebalulekile kokuqukethwe. Ukunakekelwa kahle kwesitshalo - kuzohlinzeka umlimi ngamabhishi amahle endaweni enezimbali eziningi.
