Muva nje, amarothi aqala ukuthandwa phakathi kwabaqadi ngenxa yezakhiwo zabo kanye nezimpawu ezikhulayo e-Urals naseSiberia. Emazweni aseYurophu, eduzane phesheya kwezilwandle, e-Far East naseCaucasus, bayayithanda futhi bayikhulisa isikhathi eside. Okokuqala, amashiya kumele athandwe ngenxa yamafutha amnandi, amavithamini, amathenda kanye namanzi. Obucayi, obumnandi, obungebanga izinyembezi futhi obunikeza ngokushesha no-anyanisi wokukhiqiza obukhulu yiphupho lanoma yimuphi umgcini wegadi kanye no-gourmet.
Humushela incazelo emuva ku-Google Guqula
Lesi simila se-herbaceous herbaceous. amafomu "izidleke zomndeni", ngakho-ke, kubantu kuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi "umndeni". Izinhlamvu zalo eziphakeme kancane zinezisindo ezingama-20 kuya kwangama-50 nesikali esincanyana. Izimpaphe ezikumashini zintekenteke, zithambile futhi zikhula ziphuze kakhulu.
Ngokungafani no-anyanisi, ama-shallots aqukethe ama-solids amaningi, ngakho-ke afanelekile ukomiswa. Kuze kube isivuno esisha, singagcinwa ngokuphelele ezimweni zekamelo.
Izinzuzo zamamoso:
- Ama-Shallots alungele ukukhula emafasiteleni, ngoba okuluhlaza okuningi kutholakala esixukwini sezitshalo ezihlangene.
- Ukukhiqizwa okuphezulu kwakhiwa ngenxa yobuningi besidleke sama-gramu angama-150-300, lapho kungakhiwa ama-bulbs angafika ku-10.
- Ukusakazeka okusheshayo nokumnene.
- Igcinwa isikhathi eside, ngenkathi ingakhulumi.
- Ungalahli izimfanelo zayo izinyanga eziyi-8 kuya kwezi-12.
- Ukomisa ekuseni nokuguga kwamaqabunga kuvikela isitshalo emonakalweni ngokubola komlomo wesibeletho kanye ne-peronosporosis.
- Indawo yokuhlala enezimpaphe ekugcineni kwehlobo ikuvumela ukuba uthole u-anyanisi ovuthwe kahle ekwindla.
- Amabhuleki anesikhathi esifushane sokukhula futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ukuvuthwa kokuqala.
Amabhule namabhuzu aqukethe izinto eziningi eziwusizo:
- izinto zamaminerali;
- ascorbic acid;
- uwoyela obalulekile;
- usawoti wamaminerali wensimbi, i-phosphate, i-calcium, i-potassium;
- Amavithamini e-B;
- ukuguquguquka;
- carotenoids.
Ama-Shallots anezinto zokudla nezakhiwo ezithile zokwelapha. Ngosizo lwayo, ezinye izifo zesisu nezamehlo ziyelashwa.
Izinhlobo ezinhlobonhlobo zesinaphi
Izinhlobo ze-anyanisi zihluka ngokunambitheka, ubukhulu be-branching, umbala wesikali nokuvuthwa.
Izindebe ezivuthiwe zakuqala
"I-Belozerets 94" - isitshalo sivuthwa izinsuku ezingama-75-85, sinamabhulethi ayindilinga anesisindo esingu-20-27 g kanye nokunambitheka okubukhali. Umbala wesikali ububende, ngombala we-lilac hue. Izinhlobonhlobo zinconyelwa ukutshalwa ezifundeni zaseNyakatho Caucasus.- "I-Vitamin basket" - ama-flavour anambitheka kakhulu nesisindo sama-gramu angama-30. Impaphe eluhlaza yalolu hlobo ivuthwa ngezinsuku eziyi-18 kuya kwezi-18, ukufakwa kwamaqabunga kuqala ezinsukwini ezingama-70 ngemuva kokuhluma. Izinga lokugcina liphezulu. Ukuthola izimpaphe eziluhlaza endaweni yasekwindla-ebusika, lesi sitshalo singatshalwa endlini.
- Emerald - Izinhlobonhlobo ezinezithelo ezinokunambitheka okumbala, isikali esimhlophe ne-bulb eyindilinga. Amakhanda angama-3-4 akhula esidlekeni, isisindo sawo ngamunye afinyelela kuma-22 amagremu. Izinhlobonhlobo zakhula njengesiko lezinto eziphilayo. Ingagcinwa ngaphandle kokulahleka kwekhwalithi izinyanga ezi-10.
- Izinhlobonhlobo "zomndeni" zihlukaniswa ama-bullets ayindilinga afinyelela ku-4 esidlekeni, ukunambitheka okubukhali kanye nezikali eziphuzi. Isisindo sekhanda ngalinye sisuka ku-18 kuya ku-25 amagremu. Ukhule njengesiko le-biennial. Isifo asithinteki.
- "Cascade" - okunhlobonhlobo ngokunambitheka okubukhali nezinhlamvu ezibanzi ezenziwe ngamaqanda ezinesikali ezibomvana. Amakhanda angama-5-6 akhiwa esidlekeni, ngalinye lawo lingaba nesisindo esingama-35 amagremu. Izinhlobonhlobo zikhula kusuka ku-sevka njengesiko le-biennial. Igcinwe isikhathi eside ngaphandle kokulahleka kwezimpawu eziwusizo.
"I-Belozerets 94" - isitshalo sivuthwa izinsuku ezingama-75-85, sinamabhulethi ayindilinga anesisindo esingu-20-27 g kanye nokunambitheka okubukhali. Umbala wesikali ububende, ngombala we-lilac hue. Izinhlobonhlobo zinconyelwa ukutshalwa ezifundeni zaseNyakatho Caucasus.Izinhlobo zaphakathi nesizini
- I-Albik - okunhlobonhlobo nenkathi yezitshalo yezinsuku ezingama-62, ukukhiqiza okuphezulu kanye nekhwalithi yokugcina. Ama-Cross-eleptic bulbs angaba nesisindo esingama-gramu angama-30 nezikali eziphuzi. Ukusuka kumakhanda amathathu kuya kwayi-8 imvamisa akhiwa esidlekeni.
- I- "Bonnilla F 1" isho okunhlobonhlobo nokunambitheka oku-acute futhi inesikhathi sokukhula sezinsuku ezingama-82-87. Amakhanda angaphezu kwesine avuthwa esidlekeni, ubunzima bawo ngamunye angaba ngama-gramu angama-40. Izinhlobonhlobo zinikeza ukuvuna okuzinzile kwezinhlamvu namakhambi, zigcinwe kahle futhi zingakhula endaweni eyodwa kuze kube iminyaka emihlanu.
- "Isiqinisekiso" siyinhlobonhlobo ye-peninsular enamakhanda amise okomjikelezo kanye nenkathi yokukhula yezinsuku ezingama-50. Isisindo lwama bulbs, esidlekeni kusuka kwezingcezu ezi-3 kuya kwezi-10, singafinyelela kumagremu angama-32. Ibanga liyanconywa ukuba litshalwe enhlabathini evulekile nevalekile yokuthola ama ama-greens.
- "Icici" - I-hybrid ekhiqiza kakhulu enenkathi yezitshalo efinyelela ezinsukwini ezingama-58. Kusuka ku-4 kuye kwayi-10 bulbs eziyindilinga enesisindo sama-25- 40 amagremu akhiwa esidlekeni. Isiko lingatshalwa kunoma yisiphi isifunda. Izinhlobonhlobo zilwa nokubola nokudubula, zigcinwe kahle futhi zilungele ukuhlanza imishini.
- "I-Chapaevsky" - imichilo yokusetshenziswa kwendawo yonke, inkathi yokukhula okuyizinsuku ezingama-66. Amabhuleki oyisiyingi anesisindo esingama-gramu ayi-40 nesikali sokusansana. Amakhanda angama-5-8 akhiwa esidlekeni. Izinhlobonhlobo zivame ukuthintwa yi-peronosporosis, zigcinwe kahle futhi zigcinwe isikhathi eside, zilungele ukutshala esifundeni se-Central Black Earth.
Amabhuzu asemaphakathi sekwephuzile
"Inqaba" - ukuhlukahluka okuphathelene ne-peninsular kanye nama-oval oval kanye nesikhathi sezimila sezinsuku ezingama-80-95. Amabhuleki anesisindo esingama-gramu angama-52 anezikali ezibomvana, amelana nokubola nokudubula. Ibanga lokugcina eliphakeme lilungele ukutshala ubusika. Inconyelwe ukulinyelwa kuzo zonke izifunda zezwe.- "I-Siberian Amber" yisiko leminyaka emibili efanelekile ukukhula emapulazini asekhaya. Isikhathi sokukhula kwezinhlobonhlobo siyizinsuku ezingama-55-60. Amabhulethi agobile ayizisulu zamagremu ama-28- 30 nezikali eziphuzi-zethusi. Esidlekeni kusuka ku-6 kuya ku-8 ama.
- I-Ural Purple - Izinhlobonhlobo ze-peninsular ezinezikali ezibomvu-onsomi. Ilungele ukukhula ngo-onion turnips. Isisindo sekhanda ngalinye sifinyelela ku-58 amagremu. Izinhlobonhlobo ezisakazeka ngendlela engafaniyo, ziyamelana nokubola nokudubula. Inconyelwe ukulinyelwa kuzo zonke izifunda zezwe.
"Inqaba" - ukuhlukahluka okuphathelene ne-peninsular kanye nama-oval oval kanye nesikhathi sezimila sezinsuku ezingama-80-95. Amabhuleki anesisindo esingama-gramu angama-52 anezikali ezibomvana, amelana nokubola nokudubula. Ibanga lokugcina eliphakeme lilungele ukutshala ubusika. Inconyelwe ukulinyelwa kuzo zonke izifunda zezwe.Izici zokukhulisa amadevu
Ukuze ukhule isivuno, inhlabathi evundile ephezulu nenamafayili ethinta ukungathathi hlangothi iyadingeka. Abalimi abanolwazi batusa ukutshala u-anyanisi ngemuva kwamakhukhamba, utamatisi, amazambane, iklabishi noma umhlanga.
Ngaphambi kokutshala ama, kunconywa ukuhlunga nokusebenza ku-fungicide. Kulokhu, izitshalo ngeke zithinteke izinambuzane nezifo ezahlukahlukene.
Isikhala somugqa kuya ngosayizi wokutshala:
- 20-30 cm wamabhu amakhulu;
- 15-18 - kokuphakathi;
- 8-10 - Kwabancane.
Imvamisa, ukutshala u-anyanisi akunconywa, ngoba ubukhulu bezitshalo ezizayo buya ngendawo yokudla.
Ngaphambi kokutshala, imibhede yenziwa emibhedeni Imisele ejulile engu-5-6 cmezichitha kahle kepha zingadabukisi. Izithombo ezitshalwe zifafazwe amasentimitha angu-2-3 omhlaba. Lapho ukutshala, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ngokujula okuqinile, ukuvela kwezithombo kuzolibaziseka.
Ukutshala anyanisi entwasahlobo
Ama-Shallot kufanele atshalwe ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Isitshalo, esitshalwe ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo noma ekwindla, asivuthi isikhathi eside futhi sigcinwe kahle.
Ukulungela okuhle ukufika emhlabeni ukuphela kuka-Ephreli noma ukuqala kukaMeyi. Ngalesi sikhathi, inhlabathi isivele ifudumele kahle futhi kunomswakama owanele kuyo ukuze izithombo zikhule. Kuzovela amahlumela cishe ngezinsuku eziyi-10-14.
Lapho ukutshala imichilo ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo, lapho inhlabathi isomile futhi izinga lokushisa layo liphakeme, izithombo zingavela kuphela emva kwezinsuku ezingama-20-30. Emhlabathini owomile ngesikhathi sezulu esishisayo amaqabunga akhula ngokusheshakunezimpande, imodi yokukhula kwe-photoperiodic iyaphazamiseka, ngenxa yalokho ama angenaso isikhathi sokuvuthwa.
Ukutshala anyanisi ekwindla
Ngemuva kokukhetha izinhlobo ezilwa nesithwathwa ngamaphesenti aphansi wokudubula, eminyakeni eyishumi noma yesithathu kaSepthemba ungatshala umentshisi ebusika.
Izinzuzo zokutshala ekwindla:
- ukugcinwa kwezinto zokutshala akudingekile;
- ngokuqhathanisa nokutshala kwentwasahlobo, izinhlamvu zivuthwa ekuqaleni kwezinsuku eziyi-10-12;
- izitshalo ezicijwe ekwindla zisebenzisa imithombo yasentwasahlobo yomswakama wenhlabathi kahle;
- ukuvuna imifino kungenzeka engxenyeni yokuqala kaJuni.
Ukunakekelwa kweSharot
Isiko alidingi ukuthambisa kaningi. Esimweni sezulu esomile, kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi u-anyanisi uyaniselwa lapho kuvela amahlumela amaningi, okungukuthi, ekupheleni kukaMeyi. Ngokwesilinganiso, akudingeki ngaphezu kwezintathu ukuthambisa ngesizini eyodwa.
Esikhathini sokukhula okusebenzayo phakathi kwemigqa kufanele ukhula nokulima. Ngokukhula kwamaqabunga, lokhu kuzosiza ekubhubhiseni amaqanda e-anyanisi fly.
USharot uthanda ukugqoka phezulu, okunconyelwe ukwenziwa maphakathi noJuni. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ungasebenzisa amaconsi ezinyoni (1: 15), ukumnika umanyolo (1: 10) noma umanyolo wamaminerali (amagremu ama-40 ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi).
Ukwenza ama-bulbs abe makhulu, unciphise izidleke ekuqaleni kukaJulayi, ususe amahlumela amabili noma amathathu ngokuphelelekusale abathathu kuya kwabane ukuvuthwa. Ukunisela nokondla izitshalo ngalesi sikhathi akunconywa. Ngokudla ngokweqile kanye nomswakama maphakathi nehlobo, kuphela ukwakhiwa kwamaqabunga okuzoqhubeka, futhi ama avuthwe kahle.
Kuze kube lapho imicibisholo ikhula ibe amasentimitha ayi-10, kufanele aphulwe lapho kuphuma ku-sinus. Ngaphandle kwalokho, luhlaza kuphela oluzoqhubeka lukhula.
Ukuvuna kanye nokugcina imichilo
Ekupheleni kweshumi lokuqala likaJulayi ezinhlotsheni zokuqala zokuvuthwa, futhi ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti phakathi kokuvuthwa naphakathi naphakathi nobusika, amaqabunga aqala ukulala. Lokhu kuwuphawu lokuvuna, ukubambezeleka kwako okungaholela ekunciphiseni kwempilo yamashalofu.
Ukuvuna izinhlobo zokuqala ezivuthiwe kufanele kube sekupheleni kweminyaka eyishumi kaJulayi, kanti nezinhlobo ezisele - eminyakeni eyishumi yokuqala ka-Agasti. ISharot iyisitshalo esibuthakathaka, ngakho-ke, ayituswa ukuba ishiye amahlumela abembiwe elangeni elivulekile. Kungcono ukomisa isivuno ngaphansi kombhede othile.
Emnyakeni, isivuno sizogcina izimfanelo zaso ezibalulekile lapho zigcinwa endaweni yomswakama wama-60-70% futhi emazingeni okushisa ukusuka ku-0C kuya ku- + 10C. Ukutshala isitoko kufanele kugcinwe emazingeni okushisa aphakeme aze afike ku- + 20ะก.
Ngenxa yama-anyanisi amancane amnandi namajikijolo amathenda okuqala, amashothi ayaziswa emhlabeni wonke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isiko libhekene nezindawo zokudla eziphezulu nezimpawu zokwelapha, ezingaphezulu kakhulu koshintsho lwe-anyanisi. USharot uyisinongo esithandwayo ku-cuisine yaseFrance. Isetjenziswa ekudleni ngendlela efitjhaniwe nofokiwe, kanye nokunambitha izitsha zenyama, izinkukhu, amasobho, amasoseji.
