Ama-corms yi-hernni herb Sparaxis (Sparaxis) oyilungu lomndeni wakwa-Iris. Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, lesi sitshalo sitholakala eningizimu ye-Afrika, esifundeni saseCape. Futhi enye yezinhlobo yafakwa eCalifornia. Kunezinhlobo ezi-6 zalesi sitshalo, kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ososayensi abathile bazithatha njengezinhlobo ezihlukile, kanti ezinye izazi zithi lezi zihlukile ezinhlotsheni ezifanayo. I-Sparaxis inezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-20. Egameni lohlobo kukhona impande yamaGreek, ehumusha ngokuthi "ukwahlukanisa imikhawulo yomsuka."
Izici ze-sparaxis
Ukuphakama kwe-sparaxis kungahluka kusuka ku-0,15 kuya ku-0.6 m. Amapulangwe angamaqabunga angenalutho anesimo esifana nebhande, njenge-lanceolate. Izimbali ezimise okwezinkanyezi zinombala ogcwele futhi zifinyelela cishe ku-50 mm ngaphesheya. Amabhulokhi ahlukaniswe ngamathiphu, okuvele kucace egameni le-genus. Ikholomu ye-pestle imele i-tube perianth emfushane, enobume bethanga. Izihlazo ezisontekenteke ngokuqinile ziqinile.
Ukutshala i-sparaxis yangaphandle
Isikhathi sokutshala
Indawo enhle yokutshala i-sparaxis yisifunda eseningizimu: intwasahlobo iyafudumala, ihlobo liyashisa, ikwindla ifika sekwedlule isikhathi, kanti ubusika bufudumele futhi bunobumnene. Lapho kukhula lesi sitshalo sezimbali maphakathi no-lat latheni, ekwindla sekwephuzile, nezilimo eziyizigaxa zazo ziyasuswa emhlabathini bese zibekelwa ukugcinwa, kuthi lapho kuqala isikhathi sentwasahlobo, ziphinde zitshalwe emhlabathini ovulekile. Kunconywa ukuthi ama-nezilimo eziyizigaxa atshalwe maphakathi nethambeka nasezifundeni ezibandayo kusuka ekuqaleni kuya maphakathi noMeyi, ngemuva kokuba inhlabathi ishushubeziwe kahle. Ezifundeni eziseningizimu, lapho kungabandi khona kuno-1 degree ebusika, ama-tubers atshalwa ebusika, ezinsukwini zokugcina zika-Okthoba.
Imithetho yokufakelwa
Indawo efanelekile yokuhlala kufanele ibekwe kahle, ivuleke futhi ngasikhathi sinye ivikeleke emimoyeni yomoya. Uma i-sparaxis itshalwe endaweni enomthunzi, khona-ke lokhu kuzoba nomthelela ongemuhle kakhulu ekukhuleni nasekwenziweni kwesitshalo. Izokhula kahle kakhulu emthonjeni ovundile, kodwa futhi ingatshalwa kwenye inhlabathi, okubaluleke kakhulu, ukuthi ingakhanywa kahle.
Amabhuleki kufanele angcwatshwe enhlabathini ngama-50-80 mm (ngokuya ngosayizi wawo). Ibanga phakathi kwezimbobo naphakathi kwemigqa kufanele libe ngamasentimitha angama-8-10. Izilimo eziyizigaxa ezitshalwe zidinga ukuthambisa okuningi. Amahlathi atshalwe ngoMeyi azoqala ukuqhakaza ngo-Agasti, futhi azophela ngokuqala kwesithwathwa sokuqala.
Ukunakekelwa kwengadi nge-sparaxis
Ukunakekela i-sparaxis etshalwe ezindaweni eziphakathi nendawo kufanele kwenziwe ngendlela efanayo nesiko lembali elithandwa kakhulu - i-gladiolus. Izimbali ezinje zidinga ukuniselwa ngendlela yesikhathi, ukhula, futhi zithukulule nengaphezulu lomhlabathi phakathi kwezihlahla. Ngesikhathi sesomiso, le ngxenye engenhla yesihlahla kufanele inyuswe kusuka kusibhamu sokufafaza ekuseni noma kusihlwa, ekushoneni kwelanga, ngoba uma ilanga lishaya amaconsi amanzi kuhlamvu, kunokushiswa kungavela. Kubalulekile futhi ukuthi ususe ngokushesha esihlahleni lezo zimbali eziqale ukubuna, ngenxa yalokhu zivuselelwa zakha ama-buds amasha neziqu.
Ungawunisela kanjani amanzi futhi uwondle
Ekuqaleni kokukhula, izihlahla kufanele zinikezwe ukuthambisa njalo. Ngemuva kokunisela ngakunye, umhlabathi wenhlabathi kufanele ukhululwe, futhi uma kunesidingo, wonke ukhula kufanele ukhululwe. Ngesikhathi sesomiso isikhathi eside, ukuchelela kufanele kwenziwe izikhathi ezi-2 noma ezi-3 ngezinsuku eziyi-7, kube maningi. Kufanele iniselwe kuphela ngamanzi axazululiwe, okufanele afudumele kahle elangeni. Ukunisela nokufafaza i-sparaxis kunconyelwa ekuseni kakhulu noma kusihlwa ekushoneni kwelanga. Uma ama-stagnates emhlabathini noma okunisela ehlala eningi ngokweqile, lokhu kungadala ukukhula kwezifo zokukhunta.
Ngenkathi kwakhiwa ama-buds, ama-bush adinga ukondliwa ngesisombululo somanyolo wamaminerali oyinkimbinkimbi wezitshalo eziqhakazayo (amagremu angama-20 athathwa ngebhakede elilodwa lamanzi). Ngenkathi, isitshalo kufanele sondliwe amahlandla ama-3 noma amane. Lapho kuphela, konke ukugqoka kufanele kumiswe. Ngezinsuku ezishisayo, kunconywa ukuthambisa ingxenye esemoyeni yesitshalo kusuka kufafaza, kusetshenziswa amanzi afudumele, ahleliwe. Uma lokhu kungenziwa, khona-ke ukuncipha kwamaqabunga kuzobhekwa, kanye nokuphela kwamahlamvu (angahle angakheki nhlobo), lokhu kungenxa yokuthi lesi sitshalo sihlushwa umswakama ophansi kakhulu womoya.
Ukuzala i-sparaxis
Leli siko lingasatshalaliswa ngembewu, kanye nezingane. Indlela elula yokukhiqiza kabusha iyimifino. Lapho ukutshala isitshalo enhlabathini evulekile, izingane zayo kufanele zihlukaniswe nezilimo eziyizigaxa zayo. Izindawo ezingalunganga zidinga ukufafazwa ngefulawa yamalahle, bese izingane zingatshalwa emigodini ebilungiselelwe ngaphambili. Akufanele uhlukanise izingane ekwindla ngaphambi kokubeka amashubhu wokuzigcinela ubusika, iqiniso ukuthi ezinyangeni ezi-6 kungenzeka zome kakhulu.
Kungenzeka futhi ukukhula imbali enjalo kusuka kwiimbewu, kodwa le ndlela iyaphawuleka ngobulukhuni bayo nobude bayo. Kuthathwa ibhokisi, ukujula kwalo kufanele kube ngamasentimitha ayi-10, futhi kugcwele inhlanganisela yenhlabathi enomswakama egcwele izakhi zomzimba. Imbewu ihlwanyelwa kulesisitsha, emva kwalokho ihlelwe kabusha endaweni efudumele kakhulu enomswakama omkhulu. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-20-30, izithombo zokuqala kufanele zivele, emva kwalokho kuzodingeka ukuzinciphisa, kanti ibanga lama-20 mm kufanele ligcinwe phakathi kwezitshalo. Ngemuva kokuphakama kwezithombo zilingana amasentimitha angama-7-8, kufanele itshalwe engadini, ngenkathi inhlabathi kufanele isivele ifudumele kahle. Amabhasi akhiqizwe kusuka imbewu okokuqala azoqhakaza kuphela emva kweminyaka emithathu.
Ubusika
Ngemuva kokuqhakaza kwezihlahla, ukunakekelwa okuthe xaxa kuzoncika ngqo ekutheni ukhula kanjani lesi sitshalo: njengesihlahla sonyaka noma sonyaka. Lapho ikhule phakathi kwezindawo eziphakeme kanye nezindawo ezinezimo sezulu ezibandayo, ngemuva kokuphela kwenhlansi kanye nengxenye yayo ngaphezulu komhlaba iphenduka iphuzi, izibungu kufanele zisuswe emhlabathini. Ngemuva kokuba inhlabathi isusiwe kubo, idluliselwa egumbini elomile nelinomoya owenele ukuze lome, futhi ingxenye esemoyeni ayidingi ukunqunywa. Ngemuva kokuba amahlamvu omile kahle, kuzodingeka anqunywe ngokucophelela, bese ama-bulbs agcinwe endaweni epholile (ama-5-9 degrees) endaweni. Ebusika, kunconywa ukuthi kwenziwe ukuhlola okuhleliwe kwezinto zokutshala, lapho uzokwazi ukubona ngesikhathi nezilimo eziyizigaxa ezomile bese uzisusa. Lapho kunesikhathi esincane kakhulu ngaphambi kokutshala enhlabathini evulekile, izinto zokutshala kufanele zedluliselwe ekushiseni (kusuka kuma-25 kuye kwangama-27 degrees). Ukwahlukaniswa kwezingane kusuka kuma-bulbs kufanele kwenziwe ngokushesha ngaphambi kokutshala. Izinto zokutshala zalesi sitshalo zingagcinwa iminyaka emi-2 noma emithathu.
Lapho ukhula ama-sparaxis ezifundeni eziseningizimu, lapho kungabandi khona ngaphezu kwe-1 degree ebusika, awukwazi ukumba ngaphandle ebusika. Kulokhu, leli siko likhula njengelihlala njalo. Uma usaba ukuthi amahlathi angaqhakaza, khona-ke ebusika angambozwa ngamagatsha e-fir spruce.
Izifo nezinambuzane
Uma i-sparaxis ihlinzekelwa ngokunakekelwa okufanele, khona-ke ngeke kuthintwe izifo noma izinambuzane. Kodwa-ke, uma uketshezi luhlala luhlala emhlabathini, lokhu kuzoholela ekubukekeni kokubola kuma-corms futhi, njengomthetho, kulokhu lesi sitshalo siyafa.
Uma amahlamvu aseduze nesihlahla aphelile futhi aphelile, khona-ke ngokunokwenzeka lokhu kungenxa yokuntuleka kwensimbi. Ukuqeda i-chlorosis, izindlela eziqukethe i-iron ngohlobo lwe-chelated kufanele zengezwe emhlabathini.
I-Sparaxis ihlangabezana kabi kakhulu nokuntuleka kwelanga, kanye nokubanda.
Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo zama-sparaxis anezithombe namagama
Sekushiwo ngenhla ukuthi kwezinye izikhathi kunzima kakhulu ukuqonda ukuthi iyiphi i-sparaxis ephambi kwakho, okungukuthi, uhlobo noma uhlobo. Ngezansi kuzochazwa lezo zindlela zalesi siko ezithandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabalimi.
I-Sparaxis tricolor (i-Sparaxis tricolor), noma i-sparaxis tricolor (Ixia tricolor)
Ekuphakameni, isihlahla singafinyelela kumamitha ayi-0.4. Ukuphakama kwama-peduncle kufinyelela naku-0.4 m, athwale izingcezu ezi-5 kuya kwezi-7 zezimbali ezinhle, ezingaba imibala emibili noma munye. Phansi kwephalishi, izimbali zinendandatho emnyama ehlukanisayo ehlukanisa phakathi nendawo ephuzi ejulile. Isimo samapuleti amaqabunga yi-xiphoid.
Elegant Sparaxis (Sparaxis elegans)
Ukuphakama kwalesi sitshalo esimfushane akudluli ku-0.15 m. Umbala wezimbali umhlophe noma uluwolintshi. Phakathi komgcini wegadi, i "sparaxis mix" iyathandwa, okuyinhlanganisela ehlukile, efaka izitshalo ezinemibala ehlukahlukene.
Sparaxis Bilbifer (Sparaxis bulbifera)
Ukuphakama kwesitshalo esikhulu, esihlukaniswa ukungathobeki kwawo, silinganiselwa kumamitha ayi-6.6. Kumicibisholo eyindilinga evuthiwe yezimbali kuyabonakala, kufaka nezimbali ezifika ku-60 mm ngaphesheya, zingapendwe ophuzi, ukhilimu omhlophe, omhlophe noma mhlophe aphuzi.
Sparaxis grandiflora
Lolu hlobo lude. Amapuleti amaqabunga anesimo esinjengebhande. Izimbali zikhulu, zide, zingapendwe zimhlophe, zinsomi futhi ziphuzi ngokujulile. Izimbali zinephunga elimnandi kakhulu, yingakho le nhlobo ibizwa nangokuthi i-sparaxis enephunga elimnandi. Okuthandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabalimi yilezi zinhlobo ezinjengalezi:
- Superba. Ukuphakama kwesihlahla kungamamitha ayi-0,25-0.3. I-inflorescence ebunjwe ngespikhi ifaka kusuka kwizimbali ezi-5 kuye kwezingu-7, ifinyelele ku-50 mm ngaphesheya, zingaba namawolintshi, onsomi, umbala omhlophe noma ophuzi, kanti phakathi kwawo kumnyama noma kuphuzi.
- INkosi yomlilo. Izimbali zemibala e-Scarlet zinombala omnyama omnyama.
- Kuhle. Izimbali ezinamakha ombala onsomi omnyama, okuphakathi kumnyama, kanti okubukeka kumhlophe.
- Usuku olunelanga. Izimbali zikalamula-ukhilimu zinomphetho othusayo ongezansi kwama-petals. Umaphakathi ophuzi futhi unemingcele ecashile. Engxenyeni engezansi yama-petals phakathi kukhona imichilo yombala obomvu obomvu.
- Umbala weLunar. Izimbali ezinhle kakhulu ezimhlophe-lilac zihlobisa imivimbo engu-raspberry, obomvu noma obomvu onsomi. Umbala ophakathi uphuzi, kanti okukhanyayo kumnyama.
