I-sunflower noma i-heliantemum isitshalo esihle futhi esingenakungabaza esidala esiyoba umhlobiso omuhle wensimu. I-sunner ye-sunnnial yaziwa ngemibala ehlukahlukene: ukusuka kokumhlophe okumhlophe kuya kokhanyayo okhanyayo noma onsomi onsomi. I-shrub ephikelelayo izothanda izindawo ezinamadwala ezingathandeki, ukuhlobisa ingadi ngokubukeka kwayo okujabulisayo.
Igama elimangalisayo lembali ekhanyayo
Igama laso eliyinhloko, i-heliantemum, isitshalo esincane esithandekayo esitholwe ngamagama amabili esiGreki: ilanga - "helios" nembali - "anthos". Abantu babembiza ngo-sunflower. Leli gama lanikezwa isizathu: ukuqhuma kwesihlahlana esivulekile ekuphumeni kwelanga futhi usuku lonke “kubukela” inkanyezi, iphendulela amacembe ayo emisebeni yayo.
Futhi mangaki amagama eziteketiso ezothando owatholwa ngujongilanga ngenxa yokuphikelela kwawo nobuhle obunesizotha.
Incazelo yeBotanical
Ngokuya ngezigaba ze-botanical, i-sunflower ingeyohlobo lomndeni we-herbaceous (noma shrubby). Njengabameleli abaningi beqembu elinesizotha, iTender isitshalo sonyaka esinamandla.
Iziqu ziqonde noma zingamagatsha (ngokuvamisile, ezinwabuzelayo emhlabathini), ukuphakama kwazo kufinyelela ku-10-50 cm (ngokuya ngezinhlobo). Amaqabunga ayakhuphuka, okusaqanda ngokuma kwawo ngamathiphu akhombe. Amahlamvu angaba owanoma yimuphi umbala: kusuka kokugcwele okuluhlaza kuya okuluhlaza okotshani. Izimbali ezisezingeni eliphakathi nendawo ezinamaphawu amahlanu. Umbala ogqamile wamaphondo nezinsimbi udonsela izinambuzane impova. Ngemuva kokuvunda, izithelo zebhokisi zikhula kuthambile, ngaphakathi lapho kukhona imbewu eningi.
Izwe eliqondile le-Heliantum kunzima ukusungula. Yinye into eqinisekile: le mbali enhle kangaka isifikile kithi sikude. Ngenxa yokuphikelela kwayo, imfene isususe eNyakatho Afrika yaya nasebhande lase-Arctic laseRussia.
Ukutshala nokunakekela sunflower
Yize i-heliantemum iyi-shrub engenakuzithoba, yena, njengazo zonke izitshalo, udinga ukudala izimo ezifanele zokuphila. Bheka izici ezimbalwa zohlobo lwe-sunflower, futhi uzokujabulisa ngobuhle bayo isikhathi eside:
- Ngokungafani nezimbali eziningi zasengadini, i-heliantemum ayidingi ukugqoka okuphezulu (zivusa ukukhula okuningana kwamaqabunga neziqu, kanti izimbali ziba zincane).
- Ujongilanga ukhetha izindawo ezifudumele nezifakwe kahle. Amasayithi kufanele omile (akhanywa) ngenhlabathi enamadwala, i-calcareous, loamy noma enesihlabathi.
- IHeliantemum idinga ukuniselwa ngezikhathi ezithile, ngezikhathi ezomile;
- Ngemuva kokuthi isihlahlana siphele okokuqala, sidinga ukulungiswa kancane. Ngakho-ke, uzogcina isimo sesitshalo futhi uvikele ukwanda kwawo.
- Yize ubhekilanga eyisitshalo esiphikelelayo, kwesinye isikhathi sithinteka yisifo se fungal esijwayelekile esibizwa nge- septoria (amabala amhlophe). Kuyadingeka ukususa ngokushesha amaqabunga anegciwane, bese uwashisa. Indoda emnene idinga ukufafazwa ngesisombululo esingu-1% se-Bordeaux ingxube. Kungale ndlela kuphela lapho ukufa kwesitshalo kungavinjelwa.
Ezinye izinhlobo zojongilanga zinamazinga angafani ukumelana nesithwathwa. Ngakho-ke, ngokwesibonelo, izimbali ezibomvu zingama-thermophilic kakhulu, zifa ngokushesha emakhazeni. Zivame ukusetshenziswa njengezitshalo zonyaka.
Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zojongilanga
Manje zingaphezu kuka-70 izinhlobo ze-sunflower zonyaka ezaziwayo. Esihlahleni, i-shrub ephikelelayo itholakala emathafeni ase-Afrika, e-Alps, ogwini lweMedithera, eCaucasus nasezifundeni ze-Arctic. Manje le mbali iyathandwa kakhulu ngabalimi bezitshalo. IHeliantemum, ukutshala nokunakekela okuyilula kakhulu, isibe ngumhlali ohlala njalo wezingadi emhlabeni wonke. Ezinye izinhlobo zamathenda zinothakazelisa kakhulu.
I-sunflower iqukethe izimbali ezinkulu
Ngokungafani nozakwabo basendle, lokhu okuhlukahlukene kuhlukaniswa ngosayizi omkhulu wezimbali (kufika ku-4 cm ubukhulu). Ama-Buds kanye nama-stamens aphuzi ngokugqamile. Amaqabunga wesisa esikhulu-esigeleza kahle abanzi, we-green green hue. Iziqu nazo zibanzi, zifinyelela ukuphakama okungaba ngu-30 cm.
I-monolithic sunflower
Ama-sunflowith we-monolithic ayizinhlobonhlobo ezidumile nezithandwayo. Izwe lawo liseNingizimu yeYurophu neMedithera. Iziqu zinde (kufika ku-30 cm), ezinwantayo emhlabathini. Amaqabunga ayindilinga, amnandi emehlweni, ihloni eliluhlaza okotshani. Emvelweni wemvelo, izimbali zinombala ophuzi, futhi ngezinhlobo ezifuywayo - i-orange, pink, raspberry, red, lilac.
Impunga yelanga
Ukubhalwa okuncane kweTender evamile ezindaweni ezomile nezinetshe laseNyakatho Yurophu (kufaka neGreat Britain) kanye neNyakatho Afrika. Amahlamvu mancane, phansi, grey grey (okwakubizwa ngalo igama). I-buds mancane, i-lime ephuzi noma emhlophe.
I-apennine sunflower
Enye yezinhlobo ezinkulu ze-heliantemum: ukuphakama kweziqu zayo kungafinyelela ku-50 cm! Izwe lakubo yizindawo ezomile zezintaba zaseYurophu. Amahlamvu ayakhuphuka, ambozwe ngefreyimu eluhlaza. Izimbali ziphuzi obucayi onomngcele ophuzi noma umbala weqhwa.
I-sunctic sunflower
I-sunctic sunflower - okuwukuphela kwezinhlobo ezisenyakatho ze-heliantemum. Isithombe salembali enesibindi siyohehela noma ngubani. Isihlahla esincane esihle (cishe esiyindilinga ngokuphelele), okuwukuphela kwawo wonke umndeni waseningizimu, sasihlala ezindaweni ezinokhahlo enyakatho. Izimbali zinombala ophuzi kakhulu ngombala, futhi ukuphakama kwesembozo kufinyelela ku-40 cm.
U-sunctic we-sunctic njengamanje ubhekwa njengosengozini futhi ubhalwe eNcwadini ebomvu.
I-Alpine yelanga
Njengoba igama lisho, le nhlobo ihlala emithambekeni ye-Alps. Isitshalo simangalisa: iziqu zifinyelela ekuphakameni okuyi-10-15 cm. Amaqabunga nezimbali mancane. Ebudaleni, iziqu zinombala onsundu onsundu onsundu.
Ama-nzalo
Ama-heliantemums weHybrid ayizinhlobo zemvelo noma ezifuywayo eziwela ndawonye. Bahlukaniswa yizimpawu eziphezulu zokuhlobisa, imibala ehlukahlukene kanye nokumelana nesithwathwa.
Ukuzala kwe-Heliantemum
Isithombe sendlela yokuhlela kahle ukutshala i-heliantemum singatholakala ngezansi. Le mbali ayilandeli izimo zokuphila, ngakho-ke, ivumelana kalula nakwezinye izindawo.
Kungcono ukuhlwanyela izimbali emabhubhu amancane kuze kube yilapho izithombo ziqina futhi zilungele ukuhambisa engadini.
Ungakhula ube mnene ngokwakho. Kunezindlela ezimbili zokusakaza le mbali: imbewu ne-vegetative (ukusikwa). Yikuphi okungcono - khetha umlimi.
Ukutshala ubhekilanga kusuka ezinhlanzini kulula kakhulu kunokuxhunyelelwa. Ngakho-ke ulimaza kancane isitshalo futhi uyaqinisekiswa ukuthola umphumela. Isikhwama sembewu singathengwa kunoma yisiphi isitolo noma ngezandla. Okulandelayo, bonisa ukuthi uyihlakulela kanjani indoda enobumnene. I-sunflower, ihlwanyela izithombo zazo ongaziqala ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli.
Imbewu etshalwe ngoboya bekotini noma ku-rag evundile izodonsa izinsuku eziyishumi nanhlanu.
Uma ufuna ukutshala imbewu endaweni ebamba ukushisa, kwenze ekupheleni kuka-Ephreli. Uma kwenzeka kuba nesithwathwa, amboze izithombo nge-spanbond.
Izithombo kufanele zibekwe kude, ngoba ngezithombo zasehlobo ziphenduka izihlahla ezivuthayo. Ngeshwa, izihlahla zikhule ngale ndlela kuphela uma kuphela unyaka noma ezimbili ziyaqhakaza.
Uma ungazizwa sengathi ulindile, ungazama ukususa i-tendloin nge-cutways. Maphakathi noJulayi, izihlahla ezisikiwe ezingxenyeni (mhlawumbe ezinezindawo ezintathu noma ngaphezulu) zisikwa esitshalweni esidala.
Kungcono ukuthatha izingxenye ezingezansi zokusika. Ingaphezulu licishe lingabi nampande.
Shiya amapheshana amabili kusiki, ususe okusele. Faka emaphethelweni aphansi wezinsika kusikhuthazo esakha izimpande bese utshala izingane ebhodleleni lepulasitiki (mhlawumbe emthunzini). Njengomhlabathi we-cuticle, sebenzisa i-1-2 cm yesihlabathi. Amanzi njengoba kudingeka.
U-sunner we-sunnnial yisitshalo esihle esithandwa ngabalimi abaningi. Lesi shrub sinezimpande kunoma iyiphi indawo.
