UPetunia - Indlovukazi ye-flowerbed

Ama-petunias ayizakhamuzi ezibaluleke kakhulu zemibhede yezimbali, imibhede yezimbali, i-rabatok, imingcele, amakhethini, amabhalishi namawindi. Banikeza amakhasethi akhanyayo amnandi wezimbali zazo zonke izithunzi zemvula kusukela ekuqaleni kwehlobo kuya kwisithwathwa; kwesinye isikhathi izimbali zimboza ngokuphelele amahlamvu namahlumela.

UPetunia © Ballet Queen2013

UPetunia noma petunia, Isi-Latin - UPetunia kusuka ku-fr. petun - ugwayi. Uhlobo lwesitshalo se-herbaceous noma semi-shrub somndeni wakwaSolanaceae, sisuka ku-10 cm kuye kumitha eli-1 ukuphakama. Ama-perennials asetshenziswa kusiko njengonyaka. Ivela ezifundeni ezishisayo zaseNingizimu Melika, ikakhulukazi iBrazil, futhi ikhula ngokwemvelo eParaguay, eBolivia, e-Argentina nase-Uruguay. Uhlobo luni lwe-petunia, iPetunia parviflora, litholakala eNyakatho Melika.

Iziqu ze-petunia ziqondile noma ziyakhamba, zinamagatsha amaningi. Amacembe ahlelwe ngokulandelana okulandelayo noma okuphambene (okuphezulu), okuthambile, okuphelele. Iziqu kanye namaqabunga ziba yi-pubescent ngezinwele ezilula kanye ne-glandular. Izimbali zimhlophe, zibubende noma zibomvu, zingezodwa, zingama-terminal noma nge-axillary, kuma-peduncle amafushane, alula noma aphindeke kabili, ajwayelekile noma angajwayelekile. Izithelo ziyibhokisi le-bivalve elinembewu encane kakhulu.

I-petunias ekulenga ezimbizeni zezimbali. © Ceil Hoffer

Izimo zezilwane zasekhaya

Isibani: UPetunia unesithombe futhi uyisimangaliso. Ikhula kahle ezindaweni ezivulekile ezinelanga. Ama-petunias amakhulu amakhulu agqamile angama-thermophilic kunalawo anezigaba ezincane, lapho kubanda kakhulu lapho kubanda futhi ayeki ukuqhakaza.

Ukunisela: Ukungamelana nesomiso, kepha ukungabi khona komswakama isikhathi eside kudinga ukuthambisa. Ibekezelela umswakama oqinile wenhlabathi, kepha ihlushwa ukugwinya kwamanzi.

Inhlabathi: UPetunia ukhetha inhlabathi enenkani noma enesihlabathi, kepha angakhula kunoma iyiphi indawo evundile. Isabela kahle ekwethulweni kwe-humus noma komquba enhlabathini, kepha hhayi umquba omusha, ngoba inomthelela ekunqotshweni kwezitshalo ngezifo zokukhunta. Lapho ulungisa inhlabathi ye-petunia ezindaweni ezinenhlabathi enama-acidic (pH ngaphansi kuka-5.5), kufanele kufakwe ulamula. Lapho intwasahlobo zimba inhlabathi, kufakwa umanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi kuyo.

Ukugqoka okuphezulu: Isikhathi esingu-1 emasontweni ama-2 ngomanyolo wamaminerali kanye ne-organic entwasahlobo nasehlobo.

Ukukhula kwe-petunia

Ukutshala imbewu ye-petunia

IPetunia isatshalaliswa ikakhulukazi ngembewu. Ekhaya, izithombo ze-petunia ezikhulayo zihlanganiswa nokushoda kokukhanya, ngakho-ke udinga ukuthatha imbewu enenqwaba yokutshala. Ngokushesha lapho imbewu ihlwanyelwa, ngokushesha izitshalo ziyaqhakaza. Uma kungenzeka ukunikeza izithombo ukugqamisa, khona-ke kungenzeka ukuhlwanyela ngoFebhuwari. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, kungcono ukuhlwanyela engxenyeni yesibili kaMashi. Obunye ubunzima obuhambisana nosayizi wembewu ye-petunia inhlabathi lapho zizobekwa khona futhi zilondoloze umswakama wayo omuhle. Imbewu enjalo idinga inhlabathi evulekile, ekhanyayo nenempilo. Kuyalulekwa ukuhlunga ungqimba oluphezulu mayelana no-1 cm obukhulu ukuze imbewu ilale ngokulinganayo emhlabathini.

Imbewu kaPetunia exutshwe nesihlabathi esomile ithululelwelwa emanzini ampompele kahle ngosuku ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela inhlabathi. Ngemuva kwalokho wafafazwa, embozwe ngengilazi futhi washiya emazingeni okushisa angama-20 - 23 ° C. Ngosuku lwe-5 - 7, kuzovela amahlumela amancane adinga ukunakwa okukhethekile. Manje zidinga ukufafazwa nsuku zonke futhi okungenani kabili ngosuku (ekuseni nakusihlwa) ziphendukele ekukhanyisweni. Ngalesi sikhathi, izithombo zidinga umswakama ophezulu, kepha ukungaphezulu komswakama enhlabathini kubenza bafe ngenxa yomlenze omnyama. Lapho izithombo zikapiyuni zikhula futhi kuqhamuka iqabunga lokuqala, ingilazi lingasuswa. Uma izithombo ziqala ukufa, zidinga ukufafazwa ngesihlabathi esomile, sinciphise ukuthambisa futhi ngokushesha sithambe. Ngo-Ephreli, izithombo zezilwane ezifuywayo zidluliselwa kumagumbi okugcina izithombo. Ukufakelwa endaweni engapheli kwenziwa ngemuva kokuphela kwesithwathwa sentwasahlobo. Ukufakelwa kwesitshalo kubekezelelwa kahle.

Izimbali zezinhlobonhlobo zezilwane ezincane ezinamanzi ezincane zenzeka ezinsukwini ezingama-70-75 ngemuva kokuhlwanyela, izinhlobo ezinkulu ezinezimbali ezinkulu ziyaqhakaza ezinsukwini eziyi-10-15 kamuva.

Ukusakazeka petunias ngokusika

Izinhlobonhlobo ezinezimbali eziphindwe kabili lapho zisakazwa ngembewu zinikeza kuphela ama-40-50% wezitshalo ezingama-terry, ngakho-ke zivame kakhulu okusakazwa ukusikwa, usike kusuka notshwala bomama, abagcinwa ebusika ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo ezikhanyayo emazingeni okushisa ayi-10-12 ° C, nomswakama olinganiselayo kanye nomoya omncane wokungenisa umoya. Ngemuva kokukhula kwezingcambu, ukusikwa kudluliselwa kumabhodwe we-9 cm.

I-Hanging basket ne-petunias. © uMary Stuart

Ukutshala izithombo ze-petunia

IPetunia itshalwe emhlabathini ovulekile enkabeni yeRussia engxenyeni yesibili kaMeyi. Yize iqiniso lokuthi leli siko lingama-thermophilic kakhulu, izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo zesimanje (ikakhulukazi ezivela eqenjini le-multiflora) zingakubekezelela ukupholisa ukuya emazingeni okushisa aphansi amancane ngisho namafrimu amancane wesikhashana. Emadolobheni amakhulu, izithombo eziqhakazayo zezingulube zingatshalwa emibhedeni yezimbali, izimbali zezimbali nezamakhamela ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli - ekuqaleni kukaMeyi.

Izithombo zePetunia zitshalwa kangcono ngezinsuku ezinamafu noma kusihlwa, ngemuva kokunisela izimbiza ngezitshalo kahle. Ibanga phakathi kwezitshalo lincike ezinhlobonhlobo nakuhlobo lokutshala. Nge-petunia enezimbali eziningi ekutshaleni izimbali, ingama-15-20 cm, amakhulu amakhulu - 20-25 cm, okuphezulu - 25-30 cm.

Emabhokisini we-balcony, iziqukathi, izitsha zokuhamba, ibanga phakathi kwezitshalo lingancishiswa isikhathi esisodwa nesigamu. Ngemuva kokufakelwa, izithombo ziyaniselwa (uma inhlabathi ingemanzi ngokwanele), nenhlabathi ezungeze izitshalo ifakwe nge-peat noma nge-humus. I-mulching ivumela inhlabathi ukuthi igcine umswakama isikhathi eside futhi ivikela nezitshalo ngesikhathi sokubuya kwamaqabunga.

Izithombo zikaPetunia zitshalwa emiphongolweni nasezitsheni kunalokho kubekiwe - izitshalo ezingaba ngu-70 nge 1 m². ISurfinia namanye amaqembu e-ampelous (okungukuthi, ukulengiswa, izinwabuzane) zezilwane zasendlini, kanye ne-calibrachae, zivame ukutshalwa kubhasikidi wokulengisa, emakhadeni we-balcony nasemiphini emide. Ukuze uzuze ukukhula okumangalisayo nokuqhakaza okuningi kulezi zitshalo, kumele kaningi kuniselwe futhi kufafazwe ngamanzi (ngezikhathi ezishisayo nezomile - izikhathi ezingama-2-3 ngosuku), kuphakelwa okungenani kanye ngesonto, kushintshwe ukugqokwa okuphezulu nokungazimpande (ukufafaza ngamaqabunga). Uma ukukhula nokuqhakaza kwezimbali kuvinjelwe ngenxa yezimo zezulu ezingezinhle, ukwelashwa ngezivuseleli zokukhula (i-Epin-Extra noma i-Zircon) kunikeza imiphumela emihle.

Umbhede wezimbali ezincelisayo

Ukunakekelwa kwePetunia

Izinhlobo ezinkulu ezinamabala amakhulu zifuna ukushisa kakhulu, umswakama kanye nezimo zokudla okunempilo kunalezo ezigeleza kancane. Ukugqoka okuphezulu yisimo esiyinhloko sokuqhakaza kwezimbali eziningi futhi okuhlala isikhathi eside, ngakho-ke izitshalo zondliwa njalo, kuqala isonto ngemuva kokutshala kuze kube ngu-Agasti ngokuphumula kwezinsuku ezingama-7-10. Ukuqhakaza okuningana kwezilwane ezifuywayo kuhlinzekwa ngumanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi ngokuphelele, ikakhulukazi nge-potassium. Ukufaka umquba ngamanyolo we-organic, kufaka phakathi ukumiliselwa kwe-mullein, kanye nomanyolo we-humic, kunikeza umphumela omuhle kakhulu. Ukugqoka okuphezulu njalo kuyaqhubeka kuze kube sekupheleni kwezimbali.

Ukunakekelwa kufanele kubhekwe ngokucophelela izitshalo ze-petunia ezitshalwe ezitsheni ezincane: iziqukathi, izimbiza zezimbali, amabhokisi e-balcony, ikakhulukazi kubhasikidi olengayo. Inhlabathi yabo idinga ukulungiswa okunempilo, okubandakanya i-humus, i-peat, i-turf noma umhlaba onamaqabunga nesihlabathi. Amaphesenti alezi zingxenye angahluka; into esemqoka ukuthi le ngxube ihlukene futhi ngasikhathi sinye imelana nomswakama. Ukuze wenze kahle amapharamitha ayo, kuyinto efiselekayo ukwengeza i-perlite ne-hydrogel kwingxube. I-lime ifakwa engxube ne-acidity eyandayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuqeda kancane umanyolo wamaminerali oyinkimbinkimbi kumele ungezwe kwingxube yenhlabathi ngamathangi amancane. Lapho ugcwalisa amabhokisi neziqukathi ngenhlanganisela, amanzi (amatshe, udaka olwandisiwe, njll.) Kufanele kuthululelwe phansi ngesendlalelo okungenani esingu-5 cm.

Ukulimala okukhulu kakhulu ezinhlotsheni zokuhlobisa zezilwane ezifuywayo imvula. Izimvula ezinkulu zasehlobo, amanzi aconsa amacembe abuthakathaka, okwenza izimbali zibe zimbi, kanye nezitshalo - ezimile. Ngezimvula ezinde ezinde, izitshalo zingalahlekelwa ngokuphelele umphumela wazo wokuhlobisa bese ziyeka ukuqhakaza. Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokuna kwemvula, amabhodwe kanye obhasikidi ane-petunias kufanelekile ukuthuthelwa ngaphansi kwesembozo. Ukunisela i-petunia eqhakaza nakho kudingeka ngokucophelela, ngaphansi kwempande, ukuqaphela ukuthi kungalimali izimbali.

I-Ampelic petunias ne-calibrachae ingahlupheka kakhulu emoyeni, ngakho-ke obhasikidi neziqongo zezimbali kufanele zibekwe ezindaweni ezivikelwe umoya.

Ezinhlotsheni eziningi ze-petunia, ikakhulukazi ngezimo ezinkulu ezinamabala amakhulu nezimbali, izimbali ezigqokile zingonakalisa ukubukeka. Cishe zingabonakali ngamasidi amakhulu, kodwa zibonakala ngokucacile kuziqeshana zezimbali, izimbali zezimbali nasemibhedeni emincane yezimbali eduze kwezindlela. Ukwenza ngcono ukuhlobisa kokutshala, izimbali ezinjalo ziyasuswa.

Ukusetshenziswa kwezilwane ezifuywayo ekwakhiweni kwengadi

Ukushintshwa okuyingqayizivele kwe-petunia kuzimo ezahlukahlukene zokulima, inhlabathi nesimo sezulu, ukusebenziseka lula kobuchwepheshe bezolimo, isikhathi nokugqama kwezimbali kwenza kwaba ngenye yezinkambiso ezithandwayo zabatshali bezimbali kanye namathafa ezwe. Njengamanje, i-petunia ingenye yezindawo zokuqala ukuthandwa phakathi kwamaflaya, futhi lapho kufika amaqembu amasha kanye nzalo, inzalo kuyakhula. Ububanzi bokutshala kwayo bukhulu - ukusuka ezindaweni ezishisayo kuya e-Arctic nase-Alaska, ukutshala kwabo kungatholakala kuwo wonke amazwekazi, ngaphandle kwalapho, mhlawumbe, i-Antarctica.

I-flowerbed ne-petunias. © Kor! An

Ukuthandwa okunjalo kwezilwane ezifuywayo sekuwumphumela kanye nesizathu sokuthi imizamo ebalulekile yezakhi zofuzo, izitshalo nezitshalo emhlabeni wonke ihlose ukudala izinhlobo ezintsha, nzalo kanye namaqembu engadi yezilwane ezifuywayo. Elinye lalawa maqembu likhangayo ngendlela yalo futhi lithatha indawo ethile ekubonweni kwendawo.

Ngokwesiko, izimbali zemibhede, imibhede yezimbali nemingcele zenziwa kusuka ezinhlanzini, ezitshalwe kumakhalkoni. Ngenxa yohlelo olunamandla lwezimpande, nzalo yesimanje ikhula kahle emikhunjini enomthamo olulinganiselwe (iziqukathi, izimbiza zezimbali, obhasikidi bokulengiswa nezimbiza). Izinhlobo nezinhlanyelo ze-Terry zitshalwa kangcono ezindaweni ezivikelwe umoya kanye nemvula enkulu: kumakhalkoni, kuma-verandas avulekile, kuma-loggias, ezitsheni naseduze kwendlu. Ama-nzalo akhula ngokushesha ama-petunias akhulu akuvumela ukuthi uvale izikhala ezingenalutho ku-mixborder noma ngemuva kokuvuna ama-bulbs.

Ozakwethu

Zonke izinhlobonhlobo zezilwane ezifuywayo zinhle ngokwazo futhi zihlangana nezinye izitshalo. Ekutshaleni kakhaphethi, atshalwa eduze kwezimbali ezihlala ziqhakaza njalo, i-lobularia, izihlahla ezihlotshisiwe ezihlotshiswe ngama-coleus, i-cineraria, i-areresin, nezinye. Emibhedeni yezimbali, zibukeka zilungile eduze kwezitshalo eziningi zasehlobo, ezinjenge-verbena, snapdragons, brices, marigolds, marigolds, celosia, ager i-rudbeckia, i-levkoy nabanye efanelekile ngombala nokuphakama kwalokhu okuhlukahlukene.

Ekupheleni kwentwasahlobo nasekuqaleni kwehlobo, ama-petunias abukeka emangalisa kakhulu eduze kwamapani, ama-primroses, kanye nama-tulips, ama-hyacinths, ama-hazel grouse, futhi kamuva - ngama-irises kanye neminduze. Eduze kwechibi nasendaweni enomthunzi, bazokwenza inkampani enhle kakhulu enamabutho, ama-daylilies, ama-virginian tradescantia nezinhlamvu zokuhlobisa.

Ezindaweni zezimbali neziqukathi, ama-petunias nama-caliberhoas azohlanganiswa ne-zonal pelargonium, i-fuchsia, i-lobularia, i-peticholare gelichrysum, i-chlorophytum, ibhalsamu nethanga elimnandi. Emabhasikini okulengiswa kanye namabhokisi efasitela, angatshalwa ngezitshalo eziningi, njenge-lobelia, ivy, zelenchuk, i-mucous budra, i-verbena, i-mucous pelargonium nabanye.

UPetunias. © UCaroline Mulley

Izifo Nezinambuzane

Umlenze omnyama

Amagciwane: isikhunta somhlabathi esivela ku-genera Olpidium, Pythium, Rhizoctonict, ikakhulukazi iPythium dinaryanum neRhizoctonia solani.

Izimpawu: Ingxenye eyisisekelo yesiqu iba manzi, iba mnyama kanye nama-rots. Isitshalo siyalahla futhi sifa. I-mycelium yesikhunta isakazeka ngokushesha eceleni kwe-substrate ekwandiseni, imvamisa ngisho nemibuthano, ethinta izithombo ezintsha. Amakhowe athinta izithombo, kusukela ezinsukwini zokuqala zokuphila. Lesi sifo siyingqayizivele: kwezinye izimo, uma ungathathi ezinye izindlela zokuthibela nezokwelapha, ungalahlekelwa yizo zonke izithombo.

Izimo zokubhebhetheka kwalesi sifo: izilimo ezinkulu kakhulu, inhlabathi ephezulu nomswakama womoya, izinga lokushisa eliphakeme (ngenhla kuka-20 ° C), umhlabathi ophakeme kakhulu.

Ukulondolozwa kwamagciwane (amandla ezifo): emhlabathini nasemfucumfucweni wezitshalo.

Izindlela zokulawula: ukunakwa okuyinhloko kufanele kukhokhwe ekuvinjelweni: musa ukukhulisa izilimo, ungasebenzisi isigaxa esindayo kakhulu noma esine-asidi (izinga elikhulu le-acidity yomhlabathi we-petunia yi-pH 5.5-7), amanzi ngokulinganisela, gwema umanyolo we-nitrogen owedlulele, susa izithombo ezinezifo ngengxenye yesifunda esiseduze. Lapho ulungiselela i-substrate yezithombo, kuyinto engathandekiyo ukusebenzisa umhlaba kusuka engadini noma kusuka ku-greenhouse, kepha uma kungekho omunye umhlaba, kufanele uvinjelwe bese imikhiqizo yemvelo equkethe izakhi zomhlaba ze-antorganism eziphikisana namagciwane (i-Agat-25 K, Fito-sporin, I-Trichodermin, njll.). Ngezinhloso zokuvimbela, ungathambisa inhlabathi ngamalungiselelo wesibabule (Sulphur colloidal, Cumulus, Tiovit Jet - 40 g / 10 l amanzi).

Lapho kuvela "umlenze omnyama", kuyadingeka ukufafaza izitshalo nokunisela inhlabathi ngokumiswa kwamalungiselelo aqukethe i-mancozeb, metalaxyl noma oxadixyl (Ridomil MC, Profit, Ridomil Gold MC, njll - 20-25 g / 10 l wamanzi).

I-flowerbed ne-flowerpot enama-petunias. © Luanne Panerotti

Ukubola okumpunga

Pathogen: ukhunta ongaphelele u-bothrytis cinerea. okuthinta izilimo eziningi.

Izimpawu: Kuvela amabala ansundu okhanyayo noma imivimbo emaqabungeni, iziqu nezimbali, bese zimbozwa ukuqhuma okumpunga kwesikhunta. Izingxenye ezithintekile zesitshalo ziqala ukubuna, bese zibola, ziphenduke isisindo esinsundu ngokubopha okumpunga. Kwesinye isikhathi isikhunta siqala ukukhula kumakhompiyutha, okuholela ekufeni kwengxenye yesitshalo etholakala ngenhla kwe-lesion. Uma i-lesion inzima, isitshalo singafa. Ukhunta luhlasela i-petunia kunoma yisiphi isigaba - kusuka emaqabungeni e-cotyledon kuya ekuvuthweni kwembewu.

Izimo zokubhebhetheka kwalesi sifo: izilimo ezinkulu kakhulu nokutshala, umswakama ophakeme, izinga lokushisa eliphansi (ngaphansi kuka-14 ° C), umanyolo we-nitrogen ngokweqile, ukuntuleka kokukhanya. Isikhunta sivame ukuthinta izicubu zezitshalo ngamanxeba, siyakwazi ukungena ezimbali ngethayile.

Ukulondolozwa kwePathogen: emhlabathini nasemfucumfucweni wezitshalo. Amakhowe angabusika ezakhiweni zokhuni zokugcina izithombo.

Izindlela zokulawula: zokuvimbela - Ukutshala nokutshala ngokweqile, ukunisela ngokweqile, amazinga okushisa aphansi kakhulu kufanele kugwenywe. Ukuthuthuka kwalesi sifo kumisa endaweni okushisa komoya okuphezulu (25-27 ° C) kanye nokwehla komswakama wayo ukuya kuma-80% noma ngaphansi. Kuyadingeka ukuzisusa njalo izingxenye ezithintekile zesitshalo nezinsalela zezinsalela, ezisebenza njengomthombo owengeziwe wokutheleleka, kanye nokwandisa inani lomanyolo we-phosphorus kanye ne-potassium ekugqokeni okuphezulu.

Phakathi kwezixazululo ezitholakala kulimi lwama-amateur, umuntu angasho umkhiqizo we-biological Integral (25 ml / 1 l wamanzi), amakhemikhali Skor (2 ml / 10 l wamanzi) noMaxim (2 ml / 1 l wamanzi). Kodwa-ke, yonke le mishanguzo ayisebenzi ngokuthuthuka okuqinile kwalesi sifo.

Ukubola okumhlophe

Pathogen: I-Marsupial mushroom Whetzelinia sclerotiorum (isiphawulo seSderotinia sclerotiorum).

Izimpawu: ukubonakala kwamabala ansundu akhiphayo, ezindaweni ezinomswakama, embozwe ngengubo emhlophe ye-mycelium, izicubu ezithintekile zithambisa futhi zimhlophe. I-mycelium emhlophe iba ngaphezulu nangaphakathi kwesiqu, lapho isikhumbuzo esimnyama, izitho zokuzala zesikhunta, zisheshe zakheke khona. Ngokuvuthwa kwe-sclerotia, kumiswa amaconsi koketshezi, ukukhanya okubuye kukhanye. Amahlumela atholakale ngenhla kwengxenye ethintekayo ayafa. Isikhunta singalimaza zonke izingxenye zesitshalo.

Izimo zokubhebhetheka kwalesi sifo: lokushisa eliphansi nomswakama ophezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inhlabathi ene-acidic, amasimu aminyene ngokweqile nokususwa okungazelelwe kwezingxenye ezithintekile zezitshalo kuyasiza kulesi sifo.Izitshalo zingenwa ngumonakalo womshini wezicubu, kepha isikhunta siyakwazi ukungena ngaphakathi nangaphakathi kwe-stomata, ngakho-ke sisakazeka kalula ngengadi yezimbali ezandleni nezingubo zomuntu lapho enakekela izitshalo.

Ukulondolozwa kwePathogen: enhlabathini nakwimfucumfucu yesitshalo ngesimo se-sclerotia, esingalahli ukusebenza kuze kube yiminyaka emithathu. I-Mycelium ingahle igcinwe.

Izindlela zokulawula: ukumba nokujula kwenhlabathi, ukugcinwa kwamasu afanele ezolimo, ukususwa ngesikhathi kwezingxenye ezithintekile zesitshalo. Imiphumela emihle itholakala ngokungenisa i-Trichodermin (2 g ngequla ngalinye) emithonjeni lapho kutheliswa izithombo. Lapho kuvela izimpawu zokuqala zesifo, ukwelashwa nge-biological (Integral - 5 ml / 1 l yamanzi, i-Fitosporin-M - 4-5 g / 1 l yamanzi) noma amakhemikhali (Maxim - 2 ml / 1 l amanzi) kudingeka.

Kuma-specimens abaluleke kakhulu, ekuthelelekeni kokuqala, kuyadingeka ukuhlanza izindawo ezithintekile, bese ufafazwa nge-lime-canon noma namalahle. Kungcono ukuthi ufafaze inhlabathi ezungeze izitshalo ngomlotha noma namalahle achotshoziwe. Lezi zindlela zivimbela ukukhula kwesifo, kepha ungasebenzisi okunye ukwelashwa ngemikhiqizo yamakhemikhali noma yezinto eziphilayo.

Ukubola okumanzi

Pathogen: I-Rhizoctonia solani.

Izimpawu: esigabeni samapheshana e-cotyledonary, lesi sifo siba “njengomlenze omnyama” (bheka ngenhla). Ukusuka esigabeni sokukhetha kuze kube sekupheleni kwesikhathi sokukhula, leli pathogen libangela ukubola kwentamo yezimpande, amaqabunga aqothuleke futhi ancibilike, athole umbala oluhlaza okotshani onomthunzi wokuhola. Kuvela amabala ansundu akhanyayo entanyeni yezimpande, embozwe ngengubo emnyama yokuzwa enwebu ye-fungus mycelium. Kamuva, kuvela i-sclerotia encane emnyama kwi-mycelium. Izitshalo ezigulisayo zisele ngemuva ekukhuleni, ziphenduka ziphuzi futhi ziphele. I-fungus iyakwazi ukuthinta isitshalo nganoma yisiphi isikhathi.

Izimo zokubhebhetheka kwalesi sifoUkutshala kujule kakhulu, nenhlabathi ene-acidic kanye namanzi. Umenzeli we-causative akafuni ezimeni zemvelo futhi angakhula ebangeni lokushisa lika-3-25 ° C, lapho umswakama womhlabathi ungo-40-100% kanye ne-acidity pH 4.5-8.

Ukulondolozwa kwePathogen: ngesimo se-sclerotia ne-mycelium enhlabathini (ekujuleni okungafika ku-80 cm) kuze kube yiminyaka engama-5-6. Sonke lesi sikhathi uyakwazi ukutheleleka.

Izindlela zokulawula: zokuvimbela - ubuchwepheshe obuphezulu bezolimo nokususwa ngesikhathi kwezitshalo ezinezifo; amagciwane (Okudidiyelayo - 5 ml / 1l wamanzi, i-Fitosporin-M - 4-5 g / 1 l yamanzi) kanye nesikhunta (i-Trichodermin - 2 g yesidakamizwa kahle lapho kudluliselwa) izithombo. Izinsolo zemikhiqizo yezinto eziphilayo ziyizithombo ezinamanzi futhi zifafazwe imbewu etshaliwe. Kulesi simo, kukhiwa i-capsule yama-microorganisms ezuzisayo ezungeze izimpande.

Lapho kuvela lesi sifo, ukufafaza ngamalungiselelo amakhemikhali kuyadingeka (i-Ridomil MC, Inzuzo, i-Ridomil Gold MC - 20-25 g / 10 l yamanzi).

Ibala elinsundu

Pathogen: Phyllosticta petuniae.

Izimpawu: kuvela izindawo ezinobumba onsundu emaqabungeni, kuqala zoyindwe, bese kuba nezindawo ezixineneyo. Fruiting fruiting amafomu engxenyeni elula yamabala. Amahlamvu athintekile abuna futhi abune.

Izimo zokubhebhetheka kwalesi sifo: ukulimala kwemishini, umswakama ophezulu
umoya.

Ukulondolozwa kwePathogen: kumaqabunga awile.

Izindlela zokulawula: zokuvimbela - ubuchwepheshe obuphezulu bezolimo. Ukuze uvikele lesi sifo, kanye nalapho kuvela lesi sifo, kungenzeka ukuthi ufafaze ngamalungiselelo aqukethe ithusi ngezikhathi ezithile zezinsuku ezingama-7-7 (Carcocide - 50 g / 10 L wamanzi, chloroxide yethusi - 40 g / 10 L wamanzi, i-Oksikhom - 20 g / 10 L amanzi, njll.).

Ukulimala okufika lapho

Amagciwane: I-Phytophthora cryptogea ne-Phytophthora infestans.

Izimpawu: isisekelo sesiqu siphenduka nsundu sibole. Isitshalo siyabuna bese kamuva sifa. Ukwehlulwa kungenzeka kunoma yiliphi ubudala, kepha, ngokuvamile lesi sifo sihlangana ngokuya ngokulimala sekwephuzile kwamatamatisi namazambane, okuhambisana nezimpawu ze-biology zamagciwane.

Izimo zokubhebhetheka kwalesi sifo: umswakama ophezulu, ubusuku obubandayo obunamazolo asindayo.

Ukulondolozwa kwePathogen: ezingxenyeni zobusika bukhoma zezitshalo ezidlulisela lesi sifo (ngokwesibonelo, nezilimo eziyizigaxa ezinesifo zamazambane atshalwe engadini). Kunobufakazi obunamandla bokuthi ukutheleleka emhlabathini nakudoti wezitshalo akuqhubeki.

Izindlela zokulawula: ngesikhathi sokukhula kwezithombo, kuyadingeka ukukhipha umoya obamba ukushisa kahle hhayi ukuqina kwezilimo. Ngemuva kokufaka izithombo emhlabathini, izindlela zokwelapha zokuvimbela ukuzilungiselela ngamalungiselelo aqukethe ithusi zingenziwa (i-Kartotsid - 50 g / 10 l yamanzi, i-chloroxide yethusi - 40 g / 10 l yamanzi, i-Oksikhom - 20 g / 10 l yamanzi, njll.), Kepha izimbali zivame ukulinyazwa , okuholela ekulahlekelweni kokuhlobisa izinsuku eziningana. Okupholile kakhulu izidakamizwa ezisuselwa ku-mancozeb, metalaxyl noma oxadixyl (Ridomil MC, Profit, Ridomil Gold MC, njll - 20-25 g / 10 l wamanzi).

Ngaphezu kwalokho, abagcinanga ngokuvikela kuphela, kodwa futhi nomphumela wokwelapha, ngakho-ke bangasetshenziswa ngesikhathi lapho izimpawu zesifo sezivele zivele khona.