I-Ruta ngesiGreek isho "longa." Wanikeza igama emndenini obanzi wezitshalo (i-rutovyh), ohlanganisa i-Amur velvet (isihlahla sikakhokho), isihlahla esihle kodwa esinoshevu kakhulu (umuthi ongashisi) nezithelo zika-citrus: ulamula, i-orange, i-mandarin.
Eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane ezimbili nesigamu edlule, i-rue yayaziwa amaGrikhi asendulo, ayisebenzisa njengesinongo.
© Arek Cyniak
Izwe lase-rue liwugu lwe-Afrika nolwase-Europe oLwandle iMedithera. Ukusuka lapha, kwasakazekela kulo lonke elaseYurophu, eMiddle East, Japan nase China.
Owokuqala ukusebenzisa impande njengomuthi kwakunguKing Mithridates VI Eupator (63 BC), umbusi we-Kingdom of Pontus, onhloko-dolobha yakhe yayiseduze naseKerch yanamuhla. Kunenganekwane ukuthi iKing Mithridates yathathwa njengobuhlakani obuningi bezingcweti kanye nama-antidote, yathatha imithamo emincane yonke ubuthi obabaziwa ngaleso sikhathi, futhi ngenxa yalokho yajwayela umzimba wayo esenzweni sabo. Futhi lapho ibutho lakhe lihlulwa amaRoma, akakwazanga ukuzifaka ubuthi futhi waphoqeleka ukuba aziphonse enkembeni yakhe. INtaba iMithridates eduze kwedolobha laseKerch, lapho afela khona, igama lakhe. Kusukela lapho, impande isabalale eCrimea, lapho isakhula khona endle yonke indawo.
Ngesandla esikhanyayo seKing Mithridates, impande yayibhekwa njengekhambi lomhlaba jikelele isikhathi eside kakhulu. Kwakusetshenziswa njengekhambi lobuthi nokulimana kwezifo ezinobuthi nezinambuzane. Ezikhathini zasendulo babhala ngaye: "... uzophuza, kanti kuzodlula, kudle ubuthi obuluhlaza nokuqothula."
ERoma lasendulo, kwakuthathwa njengendlela yokulwa nobuthakathi. AmaRoma ayekholelwa ukuthi impande iyasiza esweni elibi. Babephethe kanye nabo, balengiswa emnyango ukuze bazivikele ezinambeni, emaphethelweni nakuzo zonke izinhlobo zobubi.
Kusenkolelo evamile yokuthi izinyoka azishisi eduze kwezindawo lapho impande ikhula khona.
NgeNkathi Ephakathi, i-ruta isatshalaliswa kabanzi ezivandeni zezindela, ngenxa yekhono lazo lokususa imvuselelo yezocansi emadodeni. Udokotela odumile waseJalimane uBock (ngekhulu le-XVI), wabhala: "... Zonke izindela nabantu benkolo abafuna ukugcina ubumsulwa nobumsulwa kufanele basebenzise i-ruta ekudleni naseziphuzweni." Wayebuye abhekwe njengesibulala magciwane. Abantu bahlikihla isidumbu ngomzimba ukuze bavikeleke kulesi sifo, bakhipha igciwane endaweni yalo ngentuthu yalo.
Lesi sitshalo kukhulunywa ngaso kuyo yonke imibhalo yezokwelapha yangalesosikhathi.
Kuze kube manje, impande ifakiwe ekhemisi yamazwe ayi-8. Isebenza njengendwangu eluhlaza yokulungiselela amalungiselelo amaningi e-galenic asetshenziselwa ukwelapha isifo samathambo, i-rheumatism ye-articular, i-neuralgia, kanye nokuthola i-rutin. Ukufakwa kanye nama-decoctions kusuka empandeni kuvimbela ukukhula kwe-Staphylococcus aureus, kumise ukukhula kwesikhunta - amagciwane; ujusi ovela emaqabungeni amasha i-antiseptic enhle. Amafutha abalulekile anezinto ezingama-bactericidal nezokubulala izinzwa. Eqinisweni, izici zokupholisa izimpande aziqondakali ngokuphelele. Kodwa-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwezimpande ngezinhloso zokwelapha kudinga ukunakekelwa okukhulu futhi kufanele kwenziwe kuphela ngaphansi kokuqondisa udokotela, nge-overdose yempande inobuthi. Ngakho-ke, kulesi sihloko ngeke ngicabangele izakhiwo zokwelapha ezibanzi lesi sitshalo, nikeza izindlela zokupheka ukulungiselela amalungiselelo ahlukahlukene nezindlela zokuvuna izinto ezingavuthiwe ngalezi zinhloso. Ngizohlala phezu kwencazelo yempande njengesinongo futhi, ngisho ... njengesitshalo sokuhlobisa.
© Natsubon-kinkin
Incazelo
I-Ruta isihlahla esincane esihlala sikhona esihlala siqhakaza esinobude obungama-50-70 cm, sinesiqu esiqondile esinamagatsha anamanzi kanye nezingxenye eziphansi zamagatsha. Amahlumela angenawo ama-lign afa minyaka yonke. Ebusika obukhulu ngaphandle kokukhosela, yonke ingxenye yasemhlabeni ingafa, kodwa minyaka yonke ibuyiselwa empandeni. Emgqeni ophakathi uhlala iminyaka engama-20 noma ngaphezulu. Izingxenye ezinesizungu zesitshalo zinombala ophuzi wotshani. Amaqabunga kanye nezithombo ezingezona ezinamabala aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Amacembe ama-petiolate, ama-cirrus aphindwe kathathu, ngokuvamile angunxantathu noma acishe abe yi-obovate. Iziqukathi (amabala akhanyayo) anamafutha abalulekile ayabonakala ekucaceni kwamaqabunga. URuta ukweleta lo mafutha igama lesiLatini elithi Ruta tombolens - izimpande ezinephunga. Iphunga lempande liqine futhi lisindayo impela, futhi akubona bonke abantu abalithandayo. Kepha lapho somile, iphunga liyashintsha, liba mnandi futhi lifane nephunga le-rose, ngakho-ke lusetshenziswe njengesitshalo esinephunga eminyaka.
URuta akahlukani nezithombe futhi akamelana nesomiso, akafuni ngenhlabathi, ikhula kahle kuma-strash, i-calcareous, i-carbonate, i-loamy. Isitshalo sibekezelela isomiso kangcono kunomswakama owedlulele.
Izimbali ziqala ngoJuni kuya ku-Agasti. URuta isitshalo esihle sikaju, izinyosi zimzungezile. I-inflorescence yayo yi-corymbose engajwayelekile, izimbali ziphuzi ngezinsimbi ezine. Izithelo - ibhokisi eliyindilinga "elinamagatsha" amane, emilenzeni emifushane nezinezimpondo ezincane ku-lobule ngayinye. Ama-inflorescence omile anezithelo ahlobisa kakhulu futhi asetshenziselwa izidumbu ezomile. Emabhokisini kunezimbewu ezimnyama ezivuthwa ngoSepthemba - Okthoba futhi zigcinwe ukuhluma iminyaka engaphezu kwemi-5.
IRuta isitshalo esingathobeki kalula, ayidingi ukunakekelwa okukhethekile, ikhula endaweni eyodwa ngaphandle kokwehlisa isivuno, iminyaka engama-5-6.
Amabibi we rue, ngenxa yamahlamvu awo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ahlobisa kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, abahlobisi bavame ukuyisebenzisa - bayitshala emibhedeni yezimbali noma bayihlanyele njengegobolondo. URuta ubekezelela ukugunda izinwele.
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Ukuzala.
IRuta isatshalaliswa yimbewu. Uma uqoqe imbewu ezitshalweni zakho, kungcono ukuthi uyihlwanyele ngaphambi kobusika, ngoba izinyanga zokuqala ezingama-4-5. ngemuva kokuqoqwa, imbewu ayiqhumi. Imbewu emaphakeji ingathengwa ezitolo zezimbewu. Ikakhulu, ngathenga imbewu yenkampani yezolimo i- “Semko” futhi ngayihlwanyelalela izithombo ngoMashi-Ephreli emabhokisini ezithombo, imbewu yahluma ndawonye ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-7-10. Ngemuva kokusatshiswa kwesithwathwa seqhwa, izithombo zatshalwa endaweni ehlala njalo ngokwesikimu esiyi-20-25x50-60 cm. Ngabe sengiphinda ngifaka izitshalo eziphindwayo. URuta udlulisa ngokuphelele ukufakelwa.
Ngonyaka wokuqala, izithombo zivame ukungakhuli ngaphezu kuka-10 cm cm. Ubusika ungazimboza, lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi izitshalo eziningi eziphakeme ziyakhula. Endabeni yami, bekungekho ndawo yokukhosela, kepha wonke amabhusha ebusika, ngisho nengxenye yomhlabathi yagcinwa, mhlawumbe lokhu kungenxa yesimo sezulu esihle saleyo busika. Esikhathini esizayo, izitshalo azikwazi ukumbozwa. Kuliqiniso, khona-ke zikhula zibuyele entwasahlobo esikhathini sokuqala nangesikhathi sokuqala, kuze kuvele amagatsha amaningi, azihlobisi.
Entwasahlobo, eqandisiwe, amagatsha afile kufanele anqunywe ezinso zokuqala futhi ondle isitshalo ngomanyolo we-nitrogen (mhlawumbe urea).
Ungasakaza futhi impande ngokuhlukanisa isihlahla noma ukusikwa okuluhlaza, okugxile ngaphansi kwesembozo sefilimu.
IRuta ayinazo izifo nezinambuzane, kepha amahlahla amancanyana angancishiswa ukhula, ngakho-ke kudingeka ukuthi ahlulwe ukhula njalo.
Lesi sitshalo singadala ukucasuka kwesikhumba, ukusha, ngakho-ke kungakuhle ukusibeka lapho umuntu enokuxhumana okungatheni naye. Uma kwenzeka, konke ukusebenza nempande kwenziwa kangcono ngamagilavu.
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Sebenzisa ekuphekeni.
Amaqabunga kanye nembewu yezimpande asetshenziswa njengezinongo ngesimo esomile. Njengoba kuphawuliwe ngenhla, lapho yomile, bathola iphunga elimnandi. I-Ruta ifakwe isaladi, iwundlu lamawundlu, ukugcwaliswa kwenyama, ama-omelet, izitsha zenhlanzi, isobho lamazambane. Isitshalo sisetshenziselwa ukuwafaka. Isamentshisi le-sandwich ngo-ukhilimu ushizi (ikakhulukazi, iresiphi yalesi ushizi inezimpande zasendulo, khumbula, ekuqaleni kwendatshana kwakhulunywa ngokusetshenziswa kwezinsongo ezivela ezimpandeni ngamaGrikhi asendulo ngokuhambisana nokukrakra okuyimpuphu okuyimpande, ngakho-ke kunobufakazi bokuthi isazi sefilosofi samaGreek USocrates, emema omunye wabangani bakhe ukuthi avakashele, wathembisa ukuthi uzomphatha ushizi nezimpande ...).
Ukunambitheka kwasekuqaleni nokunuka kunambitheka ngeviniga.
Njengoba lesi sitshalo sinephunga elinamandla nokunambitha, ukusifaka ekudleni njengesinongo kufanele kube ngokulinganayo.
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Ukuvuna.
Ukuze usebenzise impande njengesinongo, kubalulekile ukuvuna imifino yayo ngaphambi kokuqhakaza noma ekuqaleni. Amagatsha anamaqabunga angenamabala anobude obungadluli kuma-20 cm asikwa ngama-secateurs anamaqabunga nezimbali eziqhakazayo ezingama-1-2. Umiswe emthunzini ngamaqhubu. Izinto ezihlanzekile kufanele zibe luhlaza. Gcina endaweni emnyama, eyomile. Kukhanya, impande ibuna ngokushesha, icishe ibe mhlophe, bese ilahlekelwa umsebenzi. Gcina isikhathi esingaphezu kweminyaka emibili.
Ngokokuqala ngqa, izinhlobonhlobo zemifino yaseRussia, iLacemaker, iyabizwa. Iqhathaniswa kahle nokubukeka "okuhle kakhulu".
