Isilayidi se-alpine esivandeni noma esakhiweni sikuvumela ukuba uqaphele iphupho le-oasis evumelanayo lapho imvelo ephilayo nengaphili ihlanganiswe khona kahle. Ingadi yamatshe okuhlobisa iqukethe ukuhlanganiswa okuphelele kwamatshe angenakugwenywa nokubandayo nezikhala ezixutshanayo ezigelezayo eziluhlaza ezinamandla alo akhethekile. Imithambeka yezentaba eyakhiwe ngokungakhethi, ehlotshiswe ngemvelo eluhlaza, ikuvumela ukuba uzizwe njengomnqobi weziqongo zezintaba futhi ujabulele ubuhle bayo obuyingqayizivele.
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zamagquma ase-alpine futhi ungakhetha ukuthi yikuphi okulungele izinsiza nokuthandwa. Kodwa ukudala "ukugqamisa" engadini yakho ngendlela yensimu yamadwala akuyona nje ukubeka amatshe acwebile endaweni, udinga ukuchitha isikhathi esiningi, ukubekezela kanye nomzamo wokuthola isithombe esiphelele futhi uthole umphumela osezingeni eliphakeme. Kunemithetho eminingana eyisisekelo enconyelwa ukuba icatshangwe lapho usetha igquma le-alpine ngokwakho.
Ukukhetha indawo yegquma le-alpine
Into yokuqala okudingeka uqale ngayo ukukhetha indawo esizeni lapho into izokwakhiwa khona. “Ubuso” begquma le-alpine kufanele bubheke ngakuya eningizimu-mpumalanga noma eningizimu-ntshonalanga, futhi “intaba” (uma ikhona) ibheke eningizimu. Isakhiwo kumele sibe elangeni futhi sivuleke. Into okuyo ayikwazi ukubukeka inesizungu futhi ihlukile. Ngokuphikisana nalokho, kufanele kuhlanganiswe ngokuvumelanayo nazo zonke izinto ezingamasiko eziseduze nezamasiko. Indawo ekahle yensimu yamatshe iyindawo yokuzijabulisa noma insimu eseduze nesakhiwo sokuhlala. Lesi sakhiwo sokuhlobisa sizodonsela ukunaka futhi sibangele ukuthandwa.
Inani lezinto zokwakha
Ngemuva kokukhetha indawo nokuhlola indawo etholakalayo yokusebenza, ungathatha uhlelo lwephrojekthi. Kuyadingeka ukubonisa imidwebo kanye nemidwebo yomklamo wesikhathi esizayo, ukulandelana komsebenzi futhi, inani lempahla esetshenzisiwe esetshenzisiwe.
Ukuze usebenzise iphrojekthi kuzodingeka amatshe amaningi wemvelo ahlukahlukene. Inani labo lincike esikalini nasezinhlotsheni zamagquma ase-alpine. Isibonelo, egqumeni eliphakeme lamazinga amaningi uzodinga amabhlokhi amatshe amakhulu anesimo sendalo esingahambisani (ngaphandle kokucutshungulwa okwengeziwe), okuzosetshenziswa ukulingisa i-gorge, i-cliff, intaba noma intaba. Amatshe aphathwe ngendlela yoxande ayadingeka ekwakheni udonga olugcinayo. Futhi, ama-chip amatshe, udrako, amatshe amatshe, isihlabathi nosimende abalulekile.
Lapho wenza ingadi yamatshe ngensimu yezimbali (i-rocariya), kucatshangwa ukuthi indawo enjalo inokwakhelwa iminyaka eminingi futhi ayidingi zinguquko ezijwayelekile, ngakho-ke kuzodingeka izinto zamatshe ezingaphansi kwayo. Kepha ukudala ukukhululeka kwamagobongo okwenziwa, amatshe azosetshenziswa kakhulu.
Ukwakha into yemvelo nevumelanayo, abaklami bemvelo bayalulekwa ukuthi bakhethe kuphela amatshe endawo ayinikiwe kanye nedwala elilodwa elizokwakhiwa. Isisindo esincane setshe elilodwa elikhulu akufanele libe ngaphansi kwamakhilogremu angamashumi amathathu, futhi isisindo samatshe amakhulu endaweni aqala kumakhilogremu angamakhulu amane. Isisindo esiphakathi sesisindo sezinto "zamatshe" ezincane (amatshe noma amatshe) engadini eyodwa yedwala angama-300-500 kg.
Kuyadingeka ukucabanga ngezindlela zokuhambisa amatshe nezinye izinto ezisindayo esizeni. Noma iyiphi imoto efanelekile ingonga isikhathi, umzamo nempilo. Ukusebenza esakhiweni sendawo yokwakha kungaqala kuphela lapho wonke amathuluzi nezinto zokwakha esezanele.
Izigaba eziphambili zomsebenzi
Wonke umsebenzi uqukethe izigaba ezintathu eziyinhloko, kepha ngaphambi kokudlulela kuwo, kufanele umaka kuqala leyo ndawo, ngokuya ngecebo elilungiselelwe, uhlole umphumela wokuqala futhi, uma kunesidingo, uwulungise, wenze ushintsho oluncane. Ngosizo lwentambo noma i-twine, izikhonkwane zokhuni nemigqabha ekhanyayo, udinga ukuveza imininingwane engaphezulu kwentaba ye-alpine bese uqamba izakhi zayo ezinkulu kakhulu. Ngemuva kwalokho, ungaqhubeka esigabeni sokuqala.
- Umhlaba kufanele usulwe, kufanele kubekwe ungqimba lwamanzi (uma i-rockery ihlelwe), izigaxa zokwenziwa okuhleliwe nokuphakama kwamatshe kufanele kwakhiwe, kufanele kubekwe isiteshi sokusakazwa okuzayo (noma olunye uhlobo lwedamu) futhi nezindonga ezisekelayo zengadi yedwala kufanele zakhiwe.
- Umsebenzi uqukethe ukuhlela amatshe amakhulu ngendlela yokubumbeka okuhleliwe noma ukuhlanganisa nokulungiselela ungqimba lomhlabathi wokutshala uhlaza.
- Isigaba esidinga ukunambitheka, ukucabanga kokudala kanye nomcabango kungumhlobiso. Kuqukethe ukutshala izitshalo, ukuhlela izesekeli ezingeziwe nokubeka izinto ezincane zamatshe (amatshe kanye namatshe).
Ukwakhiwa kwamadamu
Ukudonsa amanzi osezingeni eliphakeme kusiza ukuvikela ukungabibikho kwamanzi nokujikeleza kohlelo lwezimpande zezitshalo, kulawula ukuguguleka komhlaba kanye nokushiswa kwenhlabathi, futhi kugcine ukushisa kwenhlabathi okulinganiselwe ngesikhathi sonyaka esibi. Indwangu efaneleke kakhulu yidonsa ngamatshe amatshe amnyama (amakhulu) noma isitini esibomvu esiphukile.
Ungqimba oluphezulu lomhlabathi olunobukhuluamasentimitha ayishumi kuya kwamashumi amabili (ngokuya ngohlobo lwensimu yamatshe) kufanele lususwe ngokucophelela futhi lubekwe eceleni komngcele womgodi. Ngemuva kwalokho bushelelezi indawo ephumile bese uyihlanze kahle yonke imifino nezimpande zayo. Uma ingadi yamadwala yesikhathi esizayo ifaka impumuzo eyisicaba, khona-ke ukushuba kongqimba lwe-drainage kungamasentimitha ayi-10, ngokwakhiwa okuqhubekayo kokungahambi kahle kuleyo nsimu - 20 cm wamanzi
Ngemuva kokubeka ungqimba lwamanzi angamasentimitha ayishumi, lumbozwe ngenhlabathi evundile futhi ingaphezulu lidwetshwe ngokucophelela. Ungqimba lwamanzi aminyene angamasentimitha angama-20 lusebenza njengengxenyekazi enkulu yokwakhiwa kwamagquma ahlukahlukene nokungahlangani ngakho-ke awembozwa ngenhlabathi.
Izici zedivayisi ye-alpine hill ephezulu
Ingadi yamadwala enamazinga amaningi iluhlobo oluyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi idinga ukubekezela okukhulu nokuzibophezela ngesikhathi sokwakha. Ukwethembeka nokuqina kuncike emsebenzini wekhwalithi lapho kwakhiwa lo mklamo.
Umugqa wokuqala wamatshe, okuwudonga olwesekelwayo, ubekwa uzungeze umngcele, uwafake ngokuqina ngangokunokwenzeka komunye nomunye futhi ujulile emhlabathini ngamasentimitha ayishumi. Ukuze uthembeke namandla okuxhumeka kwamatshe, kuyanconywa ukusebenzisa usimende kasimende noma ukunamathela kwethayili.
Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ngokuphelele amasimu akhula esikhathini esizayo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukulungiselela inhlabathi, ezobekwa ngaphansi kwengadi yedwala futhi isize ukugcina umswakama olinganiselayo, kanye nokuvikela ukuguguleka. Ukusatshalaliswa komhlaba ongaphezulu osusiwe emaphethelweni omgodi kunconywa ukuba kuhlanganiswe ne-peat noma i-humus, kanye namatshe amatshe amancane noma isihlabathi esihlanganisiwe (ngokulingana okulinganayo). Ingxube edingekayo kufanele ibekwe phansi ukuze kukhishwe amanzi, igcwele kahle futhi ithelwe ngamanzi amaningi okugcotshwa okusheshayo.
Ngemuva kokumiswa, isigaba sokuqala siqhubekela ekwakhiweni kwesibili. I-ruble noma i-gravel isetshenziswa ebusweni bomhlaba bese ithala lesibili libekwa ngamatshe, liwabambe ngesixazululo esithembekile. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi phakathi kwamatshe udinga ukushiya igumbi lesiteshi esizayo sesiteshi. Ithala elisezingeni lesibili limbozwe inhlabathi, liniselwa kakhulu futhi lishiywe ukuncipha.
Ngeveli ngalinye elisha, indawo yethala elilandelayo iya ngokuya incipha. Ekugcineni, kubekwa itshe elihlukile, eliba yingxenye yensimu yedwala. Ukuphakama kwentaba ye-alpine kuya ngendawo esetshenziselwa isisekelo. Ukwakha isakhiwo semitha, kuzodingeka amamitha ayi-10 omhlaba.
Ukuqedela inqubo yokuncipha kwenhlabathi, kanyeokomiswa ngokuphelele kwezixazululo, into ishiyelwa izinsuku ezingaba ngu-10-15. Kungemva kwalokhu kuphela lapho singakwazi ukuqhubeka nokuhlobisa, sitshale izitshalo futhi sihlele nedamu. Izitshalo zinconywa ukuthi zitshalelwe, kusukela phezulu futhi kancane kancane ziye ezansi kwegquma.
Ukusetshenziswa kwezingadi ezincane zamatshe
I-Alpine islayida cishe ngamasentimitha ayikhulu ukuphakama idinga umzamo omncane nezinto zokwakha. Njengomgogodla kanye nesisekelo esinokwethenjelwa sokwakha, ungasebenzisa imfucuza yokwakha (ngokwesibonelo, izingcezu zezitini noma zamatshe). Ngosizo lwabo, amabanga we-slide amakiwe (ngqo phezulu kohla lwamanzi amakhulu), bese ingxube yenhlabathi ithululelwa ngaphezulu, ezobhekana nokuguguleka kanye nokuqunjelwa. Ukwakheka kwalo: umhlaba wegadi, ubumba olwandisiwe, izingcezu zezitini ezibomvu nodrako omncane. Ubungako obuphakathi kwalesi singqimba singamasentimitha angama-50-60. Isendlalelo esilandelayo siphinde sibe yindawo yokudonsela amanzi, equkethe amatshe amancane noma itshe elichobozekile, lapho kubekwa khona amatshe amakhulu noma kubekwa amatshe, kubacwilisa cishe amaphesenti angamashumi amane enhlabathini. Ingaphezulu lengadi yedwala limbozwe inhlabathi evundile enobukhulu obungaba amasentimitha angama-20. Ukwakheka kwale ngxube yenhlabathi kumele kube lula, kube nokukhululekile futhi kube nokudla futhi kuhambisane nokuthandwa yizitshalo zezimbali.
I-shrinkage yokugcina yesilayidi ithatha cishe izinsuku ezingama-20-25. Ngemuva kwalokho, ungatshala izitshalo eziningi, uhlele imininingwane ehlukahlukene yokuhlobisa kanye namatshe amancane. Amatshe amakhulu amatshe kule-slide mini akanconywa ukuthi asetshenziswe, uma ebekwe kuphela phansi kwesakhiwo.
Ingadi yezingadi zamadwala
Izitshalo ezinkulu zamagquma ase-Alpine ziyizinhlobo ezinotshani nezine-shrubby eziphakeme ezincane. Emvelweni yemvelo emagqumeni ungathola izinhlobo nezinhlobo eziphansi kakhulu. Izimila zasensimini yamatshe edaliwe kufanele zibukeke njengezemvelo futhi zikholwe ngangokunokwenzeka. Futhi ukuze ulondoloze ukuheha kwawo unyaka wonke, kunconywa ukukhetha izithiyo ezivimbela ubusika (izitshalo ezihlala ziluhlaza) kanye nezitshalo ezihlanganisayo. Umbala wamahlamvu aluhlaza noma izinaliti uhambisana kahle nezingoma zamatshe.
Izimila zezingadi zamatshe kufanele zihlukaniswe yizimpawu eziyisisekelo - ukuzithoba, ukumelana nokubanda nokumelana nesomiso. Ukuze ulondoloze ukuhlobisa impumuzo futhi wakhe ukwakheka okuvumelanayo, abatshali bezimbali abanolwazi nabaqambi bemvelo baluleka ukutshala imbali nezitshalo ezinqenqemeni ngephethini yokuhlola.
