Kuhlala kukhona indawo yokushisa okuluhlaza endlini encane noma endaweni enkulu ehlanganayo, engasetshenziswa cishe unyaka wonke, kufaka ne-greenhouse off-isizini, yokukhulisa imifino emisha yetafula lokudlela.
Ebusika, ku zokugcina ukufudumala evuthayo izifunda ezibandayo futhi ongashisi eningizimu, ungakhula dill, iparsley, isaladi, isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi, u-anyanisi on feather. Imifino no-anyanisi, njengomthetho, kungokwokulungiselela isivuno semifino kusenesikhathi sokukhula esifushane, okukuvumela ukuthi uthathe izitshalo eziningana ngenkathi yasekwindla-ebusika futhi uhlale unemifino etafuleni.
Imifino etshalwe abamba ukushisa ebusika. © Lee A. ReichUkulungiselela ukukhula okuhlaza okuhlaza okotshani endaweni ebamba ukushisa
Kunezindlela ezi-2 zokukhulisa imifino ngesikhathi sekwindla-ebusika:
- usebenzisa indawo esemqoka. Kepha lokhu akufisi njalo. Ikakhulu uma inhlabathi isivele isilungele izitshalo ezinkulu zokugcina ukushisa;
- endaweni eyengeziwe eyenziwe ngama-rack yokubeka amabhokisi nezinye iziqukathi ngaphansi kwemifino. Le inketho elula futhi eshibhile, yokuwina kwabaqalayo.
Ukulungiselela imifino ekhulayo ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo:
- Knack phansi ama-rack (noma i-1 rack),
- Thenga amabhokisi nezinye iziqukathi
- Lungisa ingxube yenhlabathi bese ugcwalisa isitsha, usayine isiko laso,
- Faka kudayari engadini uhlu nezidingo zobuchwepheshe bezolimo zamasiko,
- Thenga imbewu edingekayo.
Lapha, mhlawumbe, wonke umsebenzi wokulungiselela. Ngokutholwa kwesipiliyoni esisebenzayo, kungenzeka ukwethula ezinye izilimo, ngaphandle kwa-dill, iparsley, no-anyanisi on the feather. Umphumela uba ukujikeleza kwesiko oku-rack-puted, futhi ngisho nokuhlanganisiwe. Yizame futhi uzophumelela.
Izici zokukhulisa imifino eluhlaza ebusika
Ukulima ubusika, izitshalo ezingenakuketula zivame ukukhethwa ezingadingi amazinga okushisa akhethekile nokukhanya. Isikhathi sokukhula esifushane sikuvumela ukuba uthathe izitshalo eziningana ngesikhathi sasebusika.
Indima ebalulekile kulimo lwasebusika inikezwa indawo yesitshalo. Ngakho-ke, i-dill iyakwazi ukubekezelela ukufotwa futhi ngenxa yalokho ingabekwa endaweni ebamba ukushisa ezindaweni ezinokhanyayo, isaladi alizithembi kangako ukuthi likhula kunoma yiziphi izimo, futhi iparsley idinga ukukhanyiswa nombuso othile wokushisa.
Ukukhula u-anyanisi on the feather
I-anyanisi on feather - isiko ethandwa kakhulu ebusika. Ukunambitheka okuqondile kugcwalisa ngokuphelele noma yisiphi isidlo, kodwa futhi kuyasiza ekuqiniseni amasosha omzimba, kuqukethe uhlu olukhulu lwamavithamini adingwa umzimba.
Izinhlobo ezilandelayo zinganconywa ukuthi zikhule endaweni ebamba ukushisa: iBessonovsky, iKaratal, i-Arzamass, iStrigunovsky, i-anyanisi yeRostov (ukuvuthwa kokuqala). Ukuphoqelela, iminsalo isetshenziswa engenayo inkathi yokushisa futhi ngemuva kokuvunwa, ilungele ukwakheka kwezilimo ezintsha (ama-multi-tiered, slime), kanye nezinhlobo zesikhathi sokuphumula esifushane kakhulu - amakhaza no-anyanisi.
Umsebenzi wokulungiselela
Ngakho-ke, kusuka emabhokisini nakwezinye iziqukathi emashalofini kulungiselelwe ipulani eyenziwe ngaphambilini, efanelekile ngoba ungahlala udlulisa amasiko futhi uwabeke eduze komakhelwane wakho oyithandayo. Kwama-anyanisi, silungiselela inhlanganisela elula yenhlabathi yengadi kanye ne-peat noma enye into ethengiswayo. Sisakaza ifilimu ezansi, sibhoboze izimbobo eziningana (uma kwenzeka simanzana) bese siyigcwalisa ngo-2/3 we-substrate elungiselelwe.
Fafaza bese uxuba umanyolo we-nitrogen ngenhlabathi engaphezulu komhlaba. Njengoba u-anyanisi wezimpaphe nokuvuna kuhleliwe ngesikhathi esifushane (indlela eguquliwe yokugcwalisa), umthamo wamafutha amaminerali akufanele udlule ku-10 g / sq. m yendawo ephelele yamabhokisi. Uma inhlabathi incishisiwe ezakhiweni zomquba, sigcwalisa inhlabathi elungiselelwe nge-15-20 g nitroammophoski ngemitha ngayinye. m. Nisela inhlabathi ngesixazululo esifudumele se-trichodermin noma i-planris ezifweni zezifo zokukhunta bese ushiya inhlabathi ivuthwe.
Ukulungiswa kwe-bulb nokutshala
- Kwesobunxele okuphoqa ubusika ukuphoqa ukulingana ngosayizi. Kuyalulekwa ukuthi ungene ebhokisini elihlukile ngezinto zokutshala ezinobukhulu obufanayo. I-Turnip eyamukeleka kahle ingu-3-5 cm ububanzi.
- Sika intamo yesibabule nge-pruner, noma ngabe ihlumile. Ukwemukela kusiza ukuphazamisa isikhathi sokuphumula kuleli siko.
- Thela u-anyanisi osilungiselelwe ezinkomishini ezihlukile noma ezincekwini ze-gauze noma kwenye into engathandeki bese uyinciphisa imizuzu eyi-10-15 emanzini ukufuthelana ku-40 ... + 45 ° С. Ungasebenzisa ngokushesha isixazululo esingu-0.5% se-potanganum permanganate.
- Amabhulethi aphathekayo atshalwa ngokushesha ezitsheni ezilungiselelwe bese ebekwa emashalofini noma emigqeni wegreenhouse.
- I-Turnip itshalwe kude nge-1-1,5 cm ukusuka komunye nomunye. Ibanga phakathi kwemigqa yama-bulbs okungenani ama-2-3 cm.Sijula amakhanda ngo-1/3 emhlabathini.
Ukumboza okokuvikela njengesivikelo esengeziwe ekulweni nesithwathwa ku-greenhouse. © mehaffeyfarmUkunakekelwa kwe-anyanisi ku-greenhouse
Ukunakekelwa kwe-anyanisi kufaka ukuthambisa, ukugqoka okuphezulu, ukulawulwa kwezinga lokushisa kanye nokukhanya.
Ukunisela
Ngesikhathi sokuqunjelwa, anyanisi athelwa izikhathi ezi-2. Ngemuva kokutshala, kuchichima okwejwayelekile kumanzi. Owesibili - ngemuva kwamasonto ayi-1.5-2.0, ngokunisela okuchekwe kahle okunamanzi afudumele egumbini lokushisa lamakamelo. Izinga lokunisela lihlobene nesimo somhlabathi (ukomisa okwengeziwe, kanye nezinga lokunisela). Isonto ngaphambi kokusikwa kwesisindo, u-anyanisi oniselwa okokugcina. Uma u-anyanisi esetshenziswa kancane kancane (uma kunesidingo), umhlabathi ugcinwa umswakama (awumanzi).
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Uma inhlabathi ivundile ngokwanele, ngakho-ke akufanelekile ukondla isiko. Emhlabathini onamanzi ophelile, ukugcotshwa okuphezulu kwenziwa ngesikhathi se-1 ngesisombululo se-nitrophosphate (i-10-15 g / 10 l yamanzi) noma i-ammonium nitrate (15-20 g / 10 l yamanzi) amaviki ama-2 ngemuva kokutshala. Okondla, ungasebenzisa isixazululo sengxube yama-20 g we-superphosphate enganyibiliki namanzi ne-potassium sulfate nge-10 l lamanzi. Izisombululo zixubene kahle futhi ziniselwe emgodini wokuthambisa ongashisi. Isixazululo somanyolo kumele ngaso sonke isikhathi sigezwe ngaphandle kweshidi ngamanzi ahlanzekile. Ungafafaza inhlabathi ngomlotha wezinkuni - umthombo wezinto ezincanyana kanye nama-macro ngendlela efinyeleleka.
Imodi yokushisa
Ngomhlaba ovaliwe kubaluleke kakhulu ukulonda umbuso wokushisa womoya ngaphakathi + 10 ... + 15ºС.
Uma uthango uthatha indawo eseceleni eluhlaza okotshani bese ukhulisa izinga lokushisa lomoya + ku-18 ... + 20 ° С, bese wehlisa izinga lokushisa lobusuku liye ku + 12 ... + 15 ° С, ungathola izimpaphe eziluhlaza ezinsukwini ezingama-25-30.
Ngokukhula okuqinile okungafuneki kwama-greens, izinga lokushisa lomoya liyancishiswa libe ngu-10 ... + 12 ° C. Kulokhu, ukukhula nokukhiqizwa kwama-anyanisi imifino kuncishisiwe.
Ukukhanyisa okuluhlaza okwenzelwe anyanisi
I-anyanisi ikhula ngokujwayelekile futhi ikhula ngaphansi kokukhanya kwemvelo kohlaza okuluhlaza, kepha amacembe aphenduka aluhlaza. Ukukhanya okungeziwe kukhulisa ukugqama kwamaqabunga nobukhulu bombala wawo. Uma kwenzeka kukhula ishalofu, ukuze wonge amandla amancane, kungakhanyiswa kuphela amashalofu aphansi anombala ngokweqile. Ngokukhanyisa ezindlini zokugcina izithombo, ama-phytolamp avame ukusetshenziswa.
Ulethisi ukhule endaweni abamba ukushisa, ngaphansi kwesembozo.
Ukuvuna
Izimpaphe zika-anyanisi zingasuswa uma kudingeka lapho zifinyelela ku-15-20 cm.
Khulisa dill ku greenhouse
Ukwelula ukukhiqizwa kwa dill, ukuhlwanyela endaweni enqokiwe kwenziwa ngezigaba eziningana ngegebe lezinsuku eziyi-10-12 noma kusetshenziswe njenge-sealant ye-anyanisi (kushintsha indlela yokutshala anyanisi) we-lettuce yamaqabunga, iklabishi laseChinese kanye nezinye izilimo.
Ukulungiselela imbewu ye-dill
Ngomkhiqizo osheshisiwe wamajikijolo, i-dill ihlwanyelwa ngembewu emile. Lokhu, ezinsukwini ezingama-3-4 ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, imbewu igoqwe nge-gauze ephindwe kabili. Cwilisa emanzini 40-50 ° C. Le ndlela iyadingeka ukususa ama-oyili abalulekile ebusweni bembewu, okuzosheshisa ukuvela kwezithombo nokukhula okunobungane kwezithombo. Ngesikhathi sokugcotshwa, siguqula amanzi kanye ngosuku, futhi imbewu ihlanzwa ngokuphelele ngaphansi kwamanzi ampompo. Ekupheleni kosuku lwe-3 sisakaza imbewu kwi-napkin eyomile ukuze ome.
Izinhlobonhlobo dill abamba ukushisa
Kunengqondo kakhulu ukukhulisa izinhlobo ezivuthwa kusenesikhathi endaweni ebamba ukushisa ukuze kuthululwe umndeni.
- I-Aurora (ukusikwa kwama-greens ngosuku lwe-25 lokuhluma),
- U-Gribovsky (usike imifino ngosuku 30 kusuka kuzithombo),
- Kude (usike izinsuku ezingama-38 kusuka kuzithombo).
Bakha imifino enamakha engakapheli inyanga, okumele isuswe masinyane, ngoba emva kwalokho izitshalo ziya ngokuqhakaza ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka.
Rack ku abamba ukushisa ebusika ezikhula okuluhlaza. © thinmacUkulungiselela kwenhlabathi dill
I-dill ayinciphisi emhlabathini, ngakho-ke, njenge-sealant, imvamisa ikhula futhi ikhula ekuhlukaniselweni kwesitshalo main. Ngokutshala okuhlukile, ukuphoqa dill kuhlwanyelwa esitsheni esihlukile - esitsheni noma ebhokisini. Sixuba inhlabathi nge-peat, humus, vermicompost, isihlabathi, noma iyiphi enye impuphu yokubhaka ukwengeza ukutholakala kwamanzi nomoya. Emhlabathini omningi osindayo, izimpande zedayi ziqala ukubola, lesi sitshalo singenwa yi-powdery hlobo, ukwelashwa ngezidakamizwa akunconywa.
Ukulungiswa okwengeziwe kwenhlabathi, kanye nangaphansi anyanisi. Faka u-1 sq. M ku-substrate. amamitha skwele amabhokisi ka-20 g we-urea no-15 g we-potassium sulfate, angathathelwa indawo ngomlotha wezinkuni. Hlanganisa kahle nenhlabathi namanzi. Inhlabathi ngaphansi kwe dill kufanele ihlale ivulekile, ukuze ufinyeleleke oksijini ngokwengeziwe.
Ukuhlwanyela dill
Kumhlabathi omanzi olungiselelwe, ngemuva kwe-12-15 cm sidonsa ama-grooves ajule ngo-2 cm. Hlwanyela imbewu ngokuqinile bese ufafaza ungqimba oluncane lomhlabathi. Imvamisa, kusetshenziswa uhlelo lokuhlwanyelwa umugqa owodwa, kepha ungahlwanyela ngendlela yetepi emigqeni engu-3-5. Kulokhu, ibanga phakathi kwama-grooves etheyipu angama-8-12 cm, naphakathi kwamateyipu ayi-15-20 cm.
I-Moisturizing
Okwe-dill, i-optimum ihlala umswakama womhlabathi (ngaphandle komswakama ngokweqile, ngoba imifino izoba namanzi, ingagula). Ngaphambi kwezithombo, inhlabathi inyanzelwa nsuku zonke ngesifutho. Ngokuqala kwezithombo, izithombo ziniselwa njalo ezinsukwini ezingama-5-7 ngesilinganiso esifanele samanzi lapho umhlabathi ongaphezulu womile.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Ukugqoka okuphezulu kwenziwa ngaphambi kokusikwa kokuqala kabili: i-nitrophos 15-20 g / sq. m. amabhokisi ayisikwele noma ikhambi lomanyolo elisetshenziselwa ukuhlwanyelwa kwezimbewu. Ngemuva kokusikwa okukhulu kuma-greens, baphaka ama-"hemp" asele ku-5-10 cm ngesisombululo se-ammonia se-10-15 g / 10 l wamanzi. Uma ukusika kukhethwa (kumndeni), khona-ke awekho umanyolo owengeziwe owenziwayo kuze kufike isivuno sokugcina kuma-greens.
Ukushisa nokukhanya
I-dill isitshalo esingavimbelani nokubanda, ngakho-ke sigcina izinga lokushisa lomoya ku-greenhouse elingu-15 ... 18 ° С ngaphandle kokusalungiswa. Ingabekwa eduze kweminyango. I-dill ayithobeki kangangokuba ibekezelela ukulinyelwa ezindaweni ezinomthunzi. Lapho sikhula emabhokisini kuma-racks, ngaphezu kwalokho sikhanyisela kuphela ama-rack aphansi ngama-phytolamp, lapho kubhekwa khona izithunzi eziphakeme kakhulu zezitshalo.
Ukuvuna
Ukuze izihlahla zingamaqabunga, dill idinga indawo eyanele yokudla. Ngakho-ke, ekuphakameni okuyi-10 cm, sinciphisa isiko ngokukhipha izitshalo ngobumnene noma sizinciphise ezingeni lomhlabathi. Izitshalo ezidlulile zingatshalwa noma zisetshenziswe njengokudla.
Greenery ku abamba ukushisaUkukhula i-parsley ku-greenhouse
Ukulungiselela imbewu yeParsley
IParsley inesikhathi eside kakhulu ngaphambi kokuvela, okuthi, ngokuya ngezinhlobonhlobo nezimo ezikhulayo, cishe izinsuku ezingama-45. Ukuze sinciphise isikhathi sangaphambi kokukhula, kungcono ukuhlwanyela i-parsley ngembewu emile. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, imbewu igcinwa izinsuku ezingama-5 ku-gauze emanzi enezingqimba ezimbili.
Imbewu ehlwanyelwe idluliselwa izinsuku eziyi-10 iye egumbini elinamazinga okushisa +1 ° C. Lapho kuhlwanyelwa, imbewu enjalo iqhuma ngezinsuku eziyi-17- 17 bese iba isivinini sendawo esivela kathathu ngokushesha kunokuhlwanyela okuvamile.
Ukuhlwanyelwa kweParsley
Sihlukanisa isendlalelo esilungiselelwe ibe yimisele emva kuka-10 cm ngokujula kwamasentimitha ayi-2. Ngokufana nangemva kuka 4-5 cm sibeka imbewu emiseleni bese sivale inhlabathi, siyisongele ngesandla.
Ngemuva kwekuhlwanyela, sincwilisa umhlabatsi nge-sprayer kute sigeze tinhlanyelo kusuka eluhlangeni. Izinga lokushisa lomoya ligcinwa ngaphakathi + 12 ... + 18 ° C alikho ngaphezulu. Ku-20 ° С amaqabunga e-parsley abuna ngenxa yokushisa ngokweqile.
Ukunakekelwa kweParsley ku-greenhouse
Uma izithombo ziminyene, sincipha, sishiya ibanga phakathi kwezithombo okungenani ezingama-5 cm.
Ukunisela iparsley kwenziwa lapho ungqimba ophezulu womile, ngoba izitshalo azibekezeleli umswakama ophezulu.
Ngaphambi kokuvala izintambo, sikhulula inhlabathi bese siqeda ukhula. Ukondla akunakwenziwa.
Ukusetshenziswa kwasekhaya, ingaphezulu elingaphezulu kuka-10 cm cm ukuphakama lingasikwa libe yimifino.
Ngemuva kokusikwa kokuqala, "i-hemp" esele ye-parsley isuthiswa ngesisombululo samanyolo we-nitrogen-potassium ngesilinganiso se-7-10 g / 10 l wamanzi afudumele. Ngenkathi ebandayo ku-greenhouse, ungathatha isivuno esilinganayo esingu-5 se-parsley, uhlinzeke umndeni ngokuluhlaza okugcwele okuhlanganisiwe ubusika bonke.
Yini elandelayo?
Wabasaqalayo, abalimi bazoba ukuzijwayeza okuhle futhi basize ngokukhula endaweni eluhlaza izitshalo ezingama-2-3 ezingadingi ukunakekelwa okuyinkimbinkimbi. Izithombo zokugcina amava ezinolwazi zingakhulisa uhlu olukhulu lwezilimo ezinamakhaza ngesikhathi esifushane sokukhula endaweni ebamba ukushisa ubusuku ebusika, zizisebenzise njengezisekelo eziphambili: amasaladi (iqabunga, iklabishi, isaladi crass), isithombo sezinhlobonhlobo ezahlukahlukene, i-rhubarb nezinye izilimo.
