I-Cherry coccomycosis ngesinye sezifo ezintsha futhi eziyingozi kakhulu zezithelo zamatshe. Amacala okuqala ukutheleleka kwezingadi e-USSR atholakala eLatvia. Lokhu kwenzeka ngo-1956. Ngemuva kwalokho, kusukela ngo-1960 kuya ku-1962, kwavela izimpawu zalesi sifo emazweni angomakhelwane: e-Ukraine, eBelarus nase-Estonia. Eminyakeni embalwa kamuva, isifo ebesingaziwa ngaphambili sachazwa abalimi beCentral Black Earth Region. Lapha, amasimu ezifundeni zaseTambov naseLipetsk ahlushwa yi-cococycosis ye-cherry.
I-Coccomycosis cherries: yini?
Sekudlule isikhathi esingaphezu kwengxenye yekhulu kusukela lapho. Ukutheleleka okufika ezweni lethu kusuka eScandinavia kusabalale ezifundeni eziningi zaseRussia. Namuhla kwaziwa kahle ukuthi i-cherry coccomycosis yisifo sezithelo zamatshe zemvelaphi yesikhunta.
Lesi sifo sithinta amahlamvu ezihlahla, siholela ekuweni kwamaqabunga ngaphambi kwesikhathi futhi senze buthaka kakhulu ukutshala kwezithelo.
Abalimi bazi kahle izimpawu nemiphumela yokutheleleka nge-coccomycosis, kepha ososayensi namanje abakaze banqume ukuthi hlobo luni lwesikhunta olujabulisa ukugula okukhulu kwezihlahla zezithelo. Namuhla, ama-microorganisms amabili ayingozi afuna isihloko se-ejenti ye-causative ye-cherry coccomycosis:
- Blumeriella jaapii, wachaza futhi wangena ekuhlangeni kwamazwe aphesheya ngo-1961;
- I-coccomyces hiemalis, eyaziwa kusukela ngo-1847.
Noma yini amakhowe enecala ngalesi sifo, isebenza ngendlela enkulu nenobuqili. Ezimweni ezinhle, ngokwesibonelo, ehlobo elifudumele nelinomswakama, i-coccomycosis ingathinta izindawo ezinkulu. Kepha ngonyaka wokuqala, umlimi ngeke aqaphele ukulahleka kwezitshalo, kodwa uzomangala kuphela ukuthi amahlamvu ezihlahla aqala ukuwa vele phakathi ehlobo.
Izihlahla ezithwelwe ngamakhowe ayingozi ngo-Agasti zime namagatsha angenalutho. Lesi isithombe isithombe iningi labalimi namuhla abasigcinayo kuyo yonke indawo ephakathi neRussia. Ngenxa yokwephula umjikelezo wezinto eziphilayo, ama-cherries athintwe yi-coccomycosis awunasikhathi sokulungiselela ubusika. Iqhwa libangela:
- ukufa kokukhula kwezinsizwa;
- ukuqhekeka kwegxolo;
- Ukuphangwa kwezimbali nokukhula kwezimbali.
Iminyaka eminingana, izingadi ezithintwe yi-coccomycosis ziye zancipha kakhulu futhi zilahlekelwa umkhiqizo wazo wangaphambili. Kulokhu kwenezelwa ukwehla kwekhwalithi yezithelo, eziba zimbi kakhulu bese zithela kancane futhi ziqonge ushukela.
Ngesikhathi sokuvuna, izithelo ezisegatsheni zifana namathambo ambozwe yisikhumba kunawo wonke amakha
Izinhlobo ezindala, ezithandwa kakhulu eRussia bezingakulungele ukwenza isenzo se-ejenti yokubangela i-coccomycosis. Isibonelo, amaLyubskaya kanye namaVladimirskaya cherries ngokwemvelo acishe anyamalala emasimini ezimboni nasezifundazweni. Futhi lesi simo saphoqelela abafuyi bezithelo ukuba baqale ukuthuthukisa izinhlobo ezintsha zamakhherubi amelana ne-coccomycosis. Umsebenzi onjalo uyaqhubeka, kepha ososayensi abakwazi ukufeza ukungatheleleki ngokuphelele kuze kube manje. Izihlahla zezinhlobonhlobo iShokoladnitsa, iTurgenevka, iRovesnitsa, iKharitonovskaya, yomfundi nezinye ezinye zingcono kunezinye.
Ngeshwa, ukutholwa sekwephuzile kokutheleleka, ukuqongelela kanye nokusakazeka ngokushesha kwabangela ukuba ama-fungicides abe ithuluzi elisemqoka kumlimi wegadi.
Ukusakazeka okusebenzayo kakhulu kwama-fungal spores yile:
- ekushiseni komoya okungaba ngu-19-23 ° C;
- esimweni sezulu esimanzi, sihambisana nemvula kuphela, kodwa futhi nenkungu noma amazolo;
- ngesikhathi somoya onamandla osiza ukusabalalisa ukutheleleka.
Ukutshala kwama Cherry esifundeni esenyakatho nentshonalanga, isifunda se-non-Chernozem, izindawo ezisenyakatho zesifunda saseChernozem kanye nezindawo ezingomakhelwane zisengozini enkulu. Lapha, ukwelapha izingadi ngama-fungicides nezidakamizwa eziqukethe ithusi sekuyindaba yomkhuba wonyaka.
Enyakatho ekude, lapho ihlobo lishisa khona futhi lilambile, okungajwayelekile ukubonakaliswa kwalesi sifo, ngakho-ke, ukufafaza ngamakhemikhali kanye nezinye izindlela zokwelashwa kwe-cococycosis ye-cherry kwenziwa njengoba kunesidingo. Kuliqiniso, umsebenzi lo uhlanganiswa yindaba yokuthi ukhunta uthinta hhayi nje kuphela izihlahla zezithelo, kodwa nezitshalo ezihlobene. Isifo esiyingozi:
- I-Apricot
- iplamu ipipi;
- ipipi elimnandi;
- i-bird cherry;
- iplamu.
Ngezibonakaliso zokuqala zokugula kumasiko ahlobene, zonke izindlela zokulawula ngokumelene ne-coccomycosis kanye nama-cherries asetshenzisiwe.
Umjikelezo wokuphila we-ejenti ebabayo ye-coccomycosis ye-cherry
Izinhlamvu zesikhunta zibekezelela ngokuphelele ubusika baseRussia, zilinde ukubanda:
- ezithelo namaqabunga asele emagatsheni;
- ekuqhekekeni kwe-cortex, ikakhulukazi okuthambekele kokudonsa i-gum;
- kudoti wezitshalo ngaphansi kwesihlahla;
- ebusweni bomhlaba.
Ngokuqala kokushisa, izinhlamvu ziyadedelwa emoyeni futhi zithathwe ngumswakama nomoya. Imvamisa lokhu kwenzeka ngaphambi kokuvuthwa kwezinhlamvu, futhi lapho zingena ngamahlamvu amancane anamanzi, zikhula ngokushesha bese zingena ezicutshini zesitshalo.
Ukubonakaliswa kokuqala kwe-coccomycosis yama-cherries kubukeka njengokuphuzi noma ubomvu bengxenye yamaqabunga, kungalindelekile ekuqaleni kwehlobo. Ngemuva kwalokho, kuvela amachashazi amancane ayindilinga anemibala emnyama noma onsundu ebusweni bamapuleti eshidi. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izindawo ziba zinkulu, zihlangana futhi zihlale iningi leqabunga. Kancane kancane, indwangu yepuleti leshidi iyoma futhi inyakaze.
Ukuguqula iqabunga eligulayo eliwile, ungacabanga ngamapheya amhlophe noma apinki anemibala emisha yokuvuthwa.
Umenzeli obangela i-cococycosis ka-cherry ngenkathi ethile angakwazi ukuzala aze afike ezizukulwaneni eziyisishiyagalombili, ngakho-ke, ngaphandle kwezinyathelo eziphuthumayo nezinqumayo, amathuba okusindisa ingadi mancane.
Izinyathelo zokulawula i-Cherry coccomycosis kanye nokuvimbela izifo
Izinyathelo zokulawula i-coccomycosis zam cherries ziqala ngokubeka ingadi. Namuhla kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhetha hhayi izithelo kuphela, kepha futhi nama-cherries axazhiwe amelana ne-moniliosis ne coc cocycosis. Ukutshala kwabo akuqinisekisi impumelelo, kepha kuzovumela isikhathi esincane sokuchitha isikhathi sokwelapha izihlahla ngamakhemikhali.
Ngokuphathelene ne-coccomycosis, womabili amadala, ama-ejenti aqukethe zethusi, isibonelo, i-Bordeaux ketshezi, kanye nama-fungicides esistimu yanamuhla ayasebenza. Ukwelashwa kwe-coccomycosis yama-cherries kwenziwa ngezigaba eziningana:
- ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ama-buds angakavulwa esiteji se-cone eluhlaza;
- ngaphambi kokuqhakaza noma ngezinsuku zalo zokuqala;
- ngokushesha ngemuva kokuwa kwama-petals;
- ngenyanga, uma umuthi okhethiwe uvumela inqubo enjalo;
- phambi kokuwa kweqabunga.
Lapho amahlamvu sele ewile, futhi umlimi elungiselela ukuqeda isizini, kubalulekile ukuphatha umqhele kanye nombuthano wesiqu ngesixazululo esingu-5% se-urea. Lokhu kuzofaka umanyolo izitshalo futhi kuqede amagciwane nezinambuzane ezilungiselelwe ubusika.
Ukwelashwa kwe-coccomycosis yama-cherries ngamakhambi esintu akwenziwa, kepha izindlela zokuvimbela izosiza kakhulu. Zizosiza ukuvikela ingadi hhayi kulesi sifo fungal kuphela, kepha kusuka ku-moniliosis, ezinye izifo zezilimo zezithelo kanye nezinambuzane zazo:
- I-Foliage njengoba iwa iqoqiwe empeleni iqoqwe futhi ishiswe. Ngokufanayo, basebenza ngezithelo ezingacoliswanga ezisele emagatsheni.
- Ngaphansi kwezihlahla, ukhula luhlala lukhipha ukhula lomhlabathi ehlobo.
- Ebusika bamba izihlahla futhi zivikele izihlahla, zizivikele emoyeni, isithwathwa nasezithonjeni zentwasahlobo.
- Entwasahlobo nasekwindla, ukuthungwa kwendle kwengadi kwenziwa, kwenziwa onke amahlumela akude.
- Izindawo zokusikeka, izindawo ezithinteka ama-lichens noma ngezibonakaliso zesifo sezinsini ziyahlanzwa futhi ziphathwe ngezinhlobo zezingadi.
Ukuthobela kuphela imithetho yobuchwepheshe bezolimo nokunaka njalo isimo sezihlahla zezithelo kuqinisekisa ukuvuna okuhle nokuphila isikhathi eside kwengadi.
