IMaranta isitshalo esinezimbali zomndeni wakwaMarantov, odabuka endaweni eshisayo yaseCentral naseNingizimu Melika, kanye naseWest Indies. UMaranta walithola igama lakhe ukuhlonipha udokotela wase-Italy nodokotela wezitshalo wekhulu le-16 - uBartolomeo Maranta.
Ama-botanists anamuhla aqaphela ukuba khona kwezinhlobo ezingama-40-50 futhi zonke zinama-rhizomes kanye nefomu lemvelo leziqhumane ezingapheli. Izimbali zaseMaranta ekhaya zizala kahle, zikhule futhi zinikeze izimbali eziningi isikhathi eside.
Ngo-1975, isitshalo se-arrowroot sabalelwa ku-3% wezitshalo ezinqumayo eFlorida, futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi inani lalesi sitshalo lakhula kuphela (laqala ukukhula endaweni yezokugcina izithombo).
Amaphesenti angama-95 ama-arrowroots ayizinhlobo ezimbili nje ezikhiqizwe enkulisa ukuze zisetshenziswe njengezimbali zamahlamvu - Maranta leuconeura 'Kerchoviana' kanye noM. Leuconeura 'Erythroneura'. Zombili lezi zinhlobonhlobo zingabomdabu baseBrazil, izinhlobonhlobo zazo azivuvukalanga, futhi nezimpande zazo azinawo amashubhu.
Incazelo yesitshalo sokuthandaza se-arrowroot nesithombe saso
Amaqabunga ngesimo se-oval, anombala ocebile ohlaza okotshani (okuthi, ngeshwa, angawashiyi unyaka wonke), axhunyaniswe ngokungalingani nesisekelo sesiqu. Amaqabunga ewa ntambama futhi aqonde kuphela kusihlwa - yingakho igama eliphakathi lembali ye-arrowroot "isitshalo somkhuleko". Okulandelayo incazelo yesitshalo somkhuleko se-arrowroot nesithombe saso ngama-engeli ahlukahlukene.
IMaranta isitshalo esisemhlabeni futhi siqhakaza sibheke phezulu. Ngesikhathi sesomiso, kungenzeka ukuthi i-rhizome iqale ukoma kuqala, hhayi amahlamvu (njengoba kunjalo kaningi). Iziqu zinhlamvu kakhulu. Banamaqabunga ama-basal nge-internode egobekile futhi edlulile njengenduku nenombolo encane yamaqabunga e-basal (okungenzeka ukuthi awekho).
Izimbali ze-Arrowhead zinezikhulu ezintathu ezincane nezinkulu ezimbili. Izimbali zeMaranta ekhaya zitshalwa ngezinjongo zokuhlobisa, ngoba lesi sitshalo sinokuthambekela ekwakheni ngokushesha isisusa esiqunisekayo kanye nesigaxa esisebenzayo ekuqaleni kwesikhathi sokukhula kwayo.
I-arrowroot isetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza isitashi esidliwayo. Ezinye izinhlobo, ezinjengeMaranta leuconeura neMaranta arundinacea, zikhula njengembali yokuhlobisa ikhaya endaweni efudumele. Bheka isitshalo somkhuleko se-Maratantha esithombeni, esibonisa ubuhle bale mbali yezimo zasekhaya: 
Ungayinakekela kanjani i-arrowroot ekhaya
Indawo ekhetheke kakhulu yokukhula kwezimbali izoba umbhede otshisayo noma iwindi elinokukhanya okukhanyayo kepha okungaqondile. Iwindi elibheke empumalanga noma enyakatho liyinto enhle. Imbali ye-arrowroot ekhaya ingakhula kahle ngamaqembu ezinye izitshalo ezingaphazamisi ukukhanya kwayo okuhle. Kuyadingeka ukuyivikela elangeni elishisayo, emoyeni owomile nakwezilungiswa, ezingadala ukulimala okungahambeki kuyo (kufaka phakathi amathuba amabala nokushiswa ebusweni bamaqabunga).
Izinga lokushisa elifanelekile lokukhula okusebenzayo kwe-arrowroot ekhaya kuyehluka kusuka kuma-15 kuye kwangama-28 degrees. Ebusika, umoya owomile ungadala izinkinga eziningi zesitshalo. Ukunakekela i-arrowroot ekhaya kwehla ukuhlela ukuthambisa okufika ngesikhathi. Lapha kufanele ugcine umthetho owodwa ongaguquki. Ukomisa komhlaba nokukhathazeka ngokweqile kwawo akumele kuvunyelwe. Ungayinakekela kanjani i-arrowroot ukuze inikeze izimbali eziningi futhi ezinde. Kunemithetho eminingana yendawo yonke. Okokuqala, lapho utshala, hlinzeka ungqimba olungile lwamanzi ebhodweni. Kufanele kube cishe ama-5 cm. Isimo sesibili inhlabathi enezakhi enothile ngamanani amakhulu wezinto eziphilayo. Ezindaweni ezinesihlabathi esimpofu, imbali ye-arrowroot ekhaya isuka ngokushesha futhi inganikezeli ukuqhuma.
Kuyalwa ukuthi udlulise i-arrowroot ekwindla noma entwasahlobo, uma ufisa, ungayitshala emanzini kuze kukhule ihlumela elisha. Bheka izitshalo zomcibisholo osesithombeni kumazinga ahlukahlukene okumila wokukhula kwawo:
Ukukhiqizwa kwe-arrowroot ekhaya
Indlela esemqoka yokusakazwa kwe-arrowroot ekhaya ukusika (amaqabunga ama-2-3) kanye nendlela yokuhlukaniswa kwezimpande ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo.
Ungakhulisa futhi imbali kusuka ezinhlanyelweni - kuvame ukwalulekwa ukuba uhlwanyele imbewu ekushiseni kwama-degree ayi-13-18 bese uyigcina ngenkathi yokukhula.
Ngokutshala, lungisa inhlabathi evundile, okufanele ihlale inomswakama: ungafaka uhlaka olumanzi ephaketheni. Ebusika, inani lokunisela kufanele lehliswe, kunconywa ukomisa umhlabathi kancane. Kuyadingeka ukufafaza i-arrowroot.
Uma ufuna ukuthola amaqabunga aqinile ombala oluhlaza saturated, khona-ke sincoma ngokuqinile ukuthi ungakhohlwa ngokufaka umanyolo ngomanyolo ovinjelwe, ovinjelwe.
Izifo ezingaba khona
Lapho kukhula imicibisholo ekhaya, isitshalo singabhekana nezifo ezithile ezithile. Ukulwa okulungile futhi okufika ngesikhathi nabo kukuvumela ukuthi ukhule umhlobiso omuhle wekhaya lakho. Izinhlobo eziphambili zezifo ze-arrowroot zichazwe ngezansi.
Ukushiswa kwamaqabunga agcwele noma okwengxenye
Izimpawu zokushiswa okuphelele noma okuyingxenye kwamaqabunga - amaqabunga ajika abe nsundu ngokuphelele, noma kuphela emikhawulweni. Lesi yisigaba esiguqukayo phakathi kweqabunga eliphilile neligulayo. Ukugwema - Gwema usawoti omningi ngokweqile kanye namazinga okushisa ngokweqile namandla okukhanya. Akufanele usebenzise umanyolo ovela kwi-superphosphate, ngoba unikeza u-fluorine emithanjeni enobuthi esitshalweni.
I-Chlorosis
Izimpawu ze-chlorosis - amaqabunga amancane e-arrowroot akhule nge-acidity ephezulu kanye nenani elikhulu lemithombo ye-nitrogen, ikakhulukazi ngesimo se-nitrate, athola kakhulu ukuvela kwe-chlorosis. Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka ngenxa yokushoda kwensimbi engena ehlathini. Gwema - sebenzisa i-iron chelate, pH yenhlabathi ephansi bese usebenzisa imithombo ye-nitrogen nge-ammonium.
Indawo yeqabunga leHelminthosplend
I-ejenti ye-causative ye-helminthosplendqabunga yamaqabunga iyinselelo eqhubekayo yabakhiqizi be-arrowroot besebenzisa umhlabathi lapho imbali ihlala inyunyiswa khona isikhathi eside. Ekuqaleni, imivimbo emincane ivela emincane kakhulu ngosayizi - zinika amaqabunga ukubukeka okumibalabala. Ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu, hlukanisa i-foci hlangana futhi wakhe izindawo ezinkulu zesimo esingajwayelekile. Ukuze uthole ukutheleleka, kudingeka okungenani amahora ayisithupha wokuhluma kwezinhlamvu emhlabathini onomswakama omkhulu. Izinhlobo eziningi ze-arrowroot zitholakala kalula kule pathogen. Ukugwema - Nikeza okungenani umswakama emaqabungeni, usize ukunciphisa ubukhulu bezifo zezitshalo. Lokhu kungenziwa kangcono ngokuqeda ukuthambisa i-aerial noma ukuthambisa ekuseni, okuzohlinzeka ukomisa okusheshayo kwamaqabunga. Izitshalo ezoniselwa kusihlwa ziyaqhubeka ziba manzi ubusuku bonke, okuvumela ukuhluma futhi kungenise izinhlobo eziningi zokukhunta.
Isimo sezimpande ze-nematode
Izimpawu ze-node yezimpande ze-nematode - ezithinteka kakhulu kakhulu yi-arrowroots emangalisa enamaqabunga amancane. Ukuhlolwa kwezimpande ezithintwe yilesi sifo kuveza ama-node ezimpandeni ezinikeza ukubukeka kobuhlalu. Ungakugwema kanjani - ukulungiswa ngempumelelo kungasiza lapha.
Izinhlobo ze-arrowroot
Njengamanje, ngokukhula ekhaya, kusetshenziswa izinhlobo ezimbili ze-arrowroot. Lesi sitshalo somkhuleko, esaziwa ngegama le-botanical Maranata tricolor. Kuthengisiwe, le zinhlobo zinganikezwa ngaphansi kwegama le-arrowroot tricolor. Lolu hlobo lunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene kanye nezinhlobo zezimbali. Uhlobo lwesibili luyi-arrowroot enemibala emibili, ehlukaniswa nokugcwala kwemibala nobukhazikhazi bezinto zokuhlobisa. Lokhu okulandelayo izithombe zezimbali ze-arrowroot zezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene nencazelo emfushane yezinhlobonhlobo ezithile.
I-Maranta tricolor (isitshalo somkhuleko)
IMaranta tricolor iyizitshalo ezahlukahlukene eziqhakazayo emndenini wakwaMarantov, odabuka emahlathini emvula aseBrazil. Lesi sitshalo esingaguquki, esidalwa njalo ngonyaka singaba nezilinganiso eziphakeme nobubanzi obungafika kumasentimitha angama-30. Ukusaqanda okuhlala njalo kushiya amasentimitha ayi-12. Banomkhuba wokulala phansi emini, futhi baqondile kusihlwa nasebusuku - yingakho igama elijwayelekile "isitshalo somkhuleko."
Uhlobo lwe-epithet leuconeura lisho "isikhunta esimhlophe", sibhekisa emacembe.
I-arrowroot enombala obude baziwa njenge -planethi yezindlu ezindaweni ezifudumele, ezidinga izinga lokushisa elingu-15 degrees Celsius. Ezimweni zezulu ezishisayo, ingatshalwa njengesembozo somhlabathi ezindaweni ezinamanzi nezomile.
Izinhlobonhlobo ze-Erythroneuraisihlahla sombala obomvu ojulile ne-vein ekhanyayo ephakathi, ephansi neyemuva. Amaqabunga angaba ukukhanya okuluhlaza-ophuzi noma aluhlaza okotshani. Izimbali zalokhu okuhlukahlukene zinombala onsomi ngephethini. 
Okuhlukahlukene uKerchoviana - Lesi sitshalo esidlakadlakhula esikhula sibe yinhlama lapho sikhula. Iziqu zomuntu ngamunye zibukeka kakhulu njengomvini futhi zivame ukukhula ezikudongeni nasezindongeni ezihlukile. Njengoba iziqu zingenazo izimpondo ngakho-ke azikhuphuki endaweni emile. Amaqabunga acishe abe nokuma kwesimo, amasentimitha ayisikhombisa ubude, kufaka phakathi i-petioles, namasentimitha amathathu ububanzi. I-Petiole cishe ingxenye yesithathu yobude beqabunga leqabunga. Ingaphezulu elingenhla lamahlamvu liyakhiwa futhi li-satin - imvamisa emigqeni emibili enamaqabunga amahlanu amnyama aluhlaza. Amabhasi kwesinye isikhathi akhiqiza izimbali eziqhakazile, ikakhulukazi ezimhlophe.
I-Maranta ezimbili-ithoni
I-Arrowroot enemibala emibili iyisitshalo esingandile, kwesinye isikhathi esisabonakala ekuhwebeni. Isihlahla asinazo izimpande ezibunjiwe ngo-tuber, kepha asinazo iziqubu ezingavuvukalanga ezindaweni eziseduze. Amaqabunga awafani ngobukhulu, ukwakheka kwawo futhi abe nombala oluhlaza okotshani okuluhlaza okufakiwe okuphakathi phakathi kwethambo eliphakathi nendawo. Ingxenye engezansi yamaqabunga inombala onsomi.
UMaranta Gibba
IMaranta gibba yizinhlobo zezitshalo ezikhula eMexico (Campeche, Chiapas, Jalisco, Morelos, Oaxaca, Quintana, Puebla, San Luis Potosi, Veracruz, Yucatan), Central America, enyakatho yeNingizimu Melika (Brazil, Peru, IColombia, iVenezuela, iGuyana, iFrench Guiana, iSuriname) kanye nesiqhingi saseTrinidad. Kusukela ezikhathini ezithile, kuye kwavela kuma-Antilles amancane.
Imbali inamaqabunga ama-ovoid. Izimbali - ngesimo sethuse.
Reed Maranta
I-Reed arrowroot ikhula ezindaweni ezishisayo. Kutshalwa ukukhiqiza isitashi esitholakala kuma-rhizomes. Abanye odokotela basebenzisa imbali njengomuthi obalulekile.
Lesi sitshalo esidala esingamasentimitha angama-60 ubude ngezimbali ezincane, izimbali ezimhlophe nezithelo ezikhulukazi. Ama-Rhizomes ayembiwa lapho lesi sitshalo sifinyelela eminyakeni yobudala bonyaka owodwa, noma lapho sikhula ngaphezu kwamasentimitha angama-30 ngobude nama-19 mm ububanzi. Anombala ophuzi, ahlukanisiwe futhi ambozwe esikalini okuxekethile.
IMaranta itshalwa kakhulu emazweni amaningi asezindaweni ezishisayo futhi ibhekwa njengezinhlobo zemvelo eJamaica, eBahamas, eBermuda, eNetherlands Antalya, eNdiya, eSri Lanka, China, neMauritius, e-Equatorial Guinea, eGabon, eFlorida, eCambodia, e-Indonesia nasePhilippines.
