Akukho sakhiwo somuntu siqu esingacatshangwa ngaphandle kwamaqabunga ama-cirrus ama-izaqathe ngaphezulu kwemibhede. Lesi ngesinye sezitshalo ezaziwa kakhulu ezimpandeni. Kodwa ngisho nabalimi abanolwazi ngesinye isikhathi abakwazi ukuthola isivuno sezaqathi ezinkulu, ukutshala nokunakekela, kungabonakala sengathi bekuyisikhathi eside silinganiswa. Yiziphi izimbangela zokwehluleka, nokuthi ungakhula kanjani isanqante esihle?
Ukukhetha isiza izaqathi
Ungakhula kanjani izaqathe emhlabathini ovulekile? Isitshalo esimpande esidumile sidinga ukunakwa hhayi kuphela lapho sikhula, ukunakekela isivuno kuqala ngokukhethwa kwendawo. Izaqathi, njengazo zonke izilimo zezimpande, zifuna kakhulu izimo, ikakhulukazi endaweni imibhede ephukile kuyo.
Uma ekwindla kungagugi, kungakhuli kahle, kufakwe izithombo zezimpande kusuka enhlabathini, lapho-ke kungahle kube nezizathu eziningana:
- ukufaka Umanyolo oqukethe i-chlorine yezilimo;
- ukwehla kwentwasahlobo yenhlabathi;
- ukumba okungafanele kwemibhede, kanye nama-Clacs, amatshe nezinsalela ezinkulu zezinto eziphilayo ezisele emhlabathini;
- ukuntuleka kokukhanya;
- inhlabathi eyomile ngokweqile noma ukuthambisa ngokweqile izaqathi;
- umanyolo we-nitrogen ngokweqile;
- Ukhula olungelingani noma olugqinsiwe olugqinsiwe.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izici eziningi zithinta kabi ukubonakala kwezilimo zezimpande nokunambitheka kwazo. Ngakho-ke, indawo yezaqathi ikhethwa ngokucophelela. Ukuthola izaqathi eziseqophelweni eliphezulu, nokutshala nokunakekela zona akuzange kube yize:
- inhlabathi kufanele ibe lula, ixege futhi ivundile;
- ama-plantings akufanele alahle ukukhanya;
- Ukulungiselela ukuhlwanyelwa kuqala ekwindla.
Ukulungisa inhlabathi izaqathi
Ngaphambi kokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo, inhlabathi ibiwa ngokucophelela, izimpande namatshe ziyasuswa. Uma kunesidingo, yenza ufulawa we-dolomite, u-lime, okuyinkimbinkimbi yamanyolo we-potash ne-phosphorus. Entwasahlobo, indawo yekherothi iphinda ivundiswe futhi ikhululwe ngokujulile.
Imvamisa, abalimi, babelana ngolwazi lwabo lokuthi bangakhula kanjani izaqathe emhlabathini ovulekile, bayalulekwa ukuthi banake ukujikeleza kwezitshalo. Kuhle uma i-zucchini noma amathanga, izindunduma, u-anyanisi, amazambane noma enye into esondelene ekhulile engadini ngaphambi kwama-izaqathi. Uma ngesizini edlule, izaqathi, iparsley noma isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi kwase kukhula esakhiweni, khona-ke kulo nyaka isivuno singancipha, futhi izilimo zithola izifo noma izinambuzane. Ungabuyisela ukutshala isanqante endaweni yayo yasekuqaleni kuphela emva kweminyaka emine.
Izinsuku zokutshala izaqathe
Akubalulekile kangako kunokukhethwa kokufika kwendawo, futhi ube nesikhathi sokutshala. Ifuna ukukhulisa izaqathe ezinhle kusenesikhathi, izakhamizi zasehlobo zizama ukusebenzisa ukumelana nesithwathwa kwesitshalo:
- Imbewu iqala ukumila kakade ku + 3 ° C.
- Amahlumela awesabi amaqabunga ukuya ku-2 ° C.
- Izitshalo ezakhiwe kahle zibekezelela isithwathwa kuya ku-4 ° C.
- Umbuso wokushisa ofanele ubhekwa njengento ebanga ukusuka ku-18-24 ° C.
- Emazingeni okushisa angaphezulu kuka-+25 ° C, izimila izaqathe zihamba kancane.
Futhi yize amakhaza abuyela emuva ethinta kabi impilo yeshalofu yezitshalo ezimpande, lokhu akuvimbi abalimi kusuka ekuqhubeni, uma isimo sezulu sivumela, ukutshala kwasebusika noma kwentwasahlobo izaqathi ngesivuno sokuqala. Ezilimweni ezinjalo, kukhethwa izaqathi ezivuthiwe.
Ukutshala nokunakekela izitshalo zezimpande okuhloselwe ukugcinwa kuzo kwenziwa ngemuva kokumisa amazinga okushisa nsuku zonke acishe abe ngu-15 ° C.
Ukutshala isanqante nokunakekela isithombo
Imbewu esezingeni eliphakeme kuphela, ehlungwe ngokucophelela futhi elwa namagciwane, engakhiqiza isivuno esiningi. Futhi ukwenza lula ukuhlwanyelwa, abahlali abanolwazi behlobo banikela ngamaqhinga ambalwa alula.
Imbewu yekherothi:
- ngokulingana okuhlanganisiwe okuhlanganiswe nesihlabathi esomile esigeziwe;
- engeza ezinhlanyelweni zezilimo ezihluma ngokushesha, isibonelo, ulethisi noma isithombo, ukuqaphela ukutshala kusenesikhathi bese wenza ukhula lokuqala;
- kuxutshwe nofulawa noma isitashi, okuthelwa epulini elungiselelwe emfudlaneni;
- namathela kumathephi amaphepha amancane.
Lezi zinyathelo, kanye nembewu ye-dragee, yenza lula izaqathi zokutshala, ikhule futhi igcine indawo yokulima, ngoba ukuncipha kanye nokhula kuba umthwalo omncane.
Ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, imibhede idedelwa ekujuleni kwe-bayonet, idalulwe bese, ngemuva kwama-25 cm ukusuka komunye nomunye, imisele eminyene ilungiswa ngo-2 cm ukujula. Lapho izaqathe zihlwanyelwa, imisele imbozwa ngengxube yesihlabathi nge-peat noma inhlabathi evundile, futhi okutsaliwe kumbozwe ngefilimu ngaphandle kokunisela.
Ifilimu:
- ngeke kuvume ukuthi umswakama ukhiqize imbewu oyidingayo;
- vimbela ukuhlaselwa kwezithombo zezinambuzane eziyingozi zekherothi;
- ngeke avumele ukugcwala ukuthi kwakheke phezu kwenhlabathi;
- ukukhuphuka, okubalulekile ngokuhlwanyela kusenesikhathi, izinga lokushisa lomhlabathi kanye nokusheshisa ukuhluma.
Le filimu isuswa kuphela ngemuva kokuvela kwezaqathi, ukutshala nokunakekelwa manje okubandakanya ukukhululwa kwenhlabathi njalo, ukunisela nokhula imibhede.
Ukunakekelwa
Ukuphendula umbuzo: "Ungakhula kanjani izaqathe emhlabathini ovulekile?", Ochwepheshe empeleni bayama ngesidingo sezithombo ezinwebekile. Kepha abahlali behlobo, kwesinye isikhathi, kunzima kakhulu ukuhlukana namahlumela kuphela ahluma. Ngenxa yalokhu, inani lezaqathi ezikhulisiwe likhulu, kepha ikhwalithi yalo ayibathandeki ngokuphelele abahlali behlobo.
Ukuze uthole isivuno esihle, kubalulekile ukuphula izithombo ngendlela esifike ngesikhathi:
- Lapho isigaxa sokuqala samaqabunga eqiniso siveza izithombo, izaqathe zifakwa ekunciphiseni kokuqala, zishiya igebe lika-3 cm.
- Ngamabili amaqabunga amaqabunga, izithombo ezingeziwe ziyasuswa futhi, zifakwa emigodini eyakhiwe.
I-Thning yenziwa ngemuva kokunisela kusihlwa, ukuze ilanga lingalimazi amahlumela alimele, futhi iphunga lokuluhlaza alizidonsanga izinambuzane ezinama-carrot. Izitshalo ezisusiwe zidonsa ngobumnene ngaphandle kokukhulula emhlabathini.
Ukuqothuka okungaphezulu kombhede wensimu kungaba yisithiyo ekukhuleni izaqathe ezinhle. Ngemuva kokunisela, kuhlakazwa njalo, kukhululwe umhlabathi ngokucophelela, noma inhlabathi imbozwe nge-peat mulch. Ukuze ingxenye engenhla yezimpande izitshalo ezikhulayo futhi zivele zande ngaphezu kwenhlabathi yenhlabathi aziguquki ziluhlaza, izaqathe zithwetshulwa ngezikhathi ezithile.
Ukunisela kanye nokondla izaqathe
Isikhathi sezimila kumakhotela izinyanga ezingama-4-5. Engxenyeni yokuqala yethemu, lesi sitshalo sakha imifino eningi, sidinga ukuthambisa okuningi, bese siqala ukukhula kwesilimo esiyimpande, esisebenza kabi ekuphanjisweni kwamanzi.
- Kudingeka amalitha amane wamanzi kathathu ngesonto kuyadingeka ngemitha yesikwele ngayinye yezitshalo ezisencane.
- Njengoba izaqathe zikhula, kuze kube maphakathi nenkathi yokukhula, ukunisela kuyanda.
- Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbili, izaqathe ziniselwa kanye ngesonto, kusetshenziswa amalitha angama-8-10 kumitha skwere.
Ukucabanga ngendlela yokukhulisa isanqante esihle, akumelwe sikhohlwe ngokuvikela izitshalo ezinambuzaneni. Okubaluleke kakhulu futhi ukuvikela kwezifo zekherothi, okungathinta kakhulu ikhwalithi yesitshalo nokulondolozwa kwayo.
Ukondla okuyinkimbinkimbi izaqathi kwenziwa kabili. Esokuqala senziwa ngemuva kwenyanga kwavela amahlumela, kwathi kwesesibili emva kwezinyanga ezimbili.
