Okumhlophe, okubomvana. umuntu usebenzisa izinhlobo zamagilebhisi ezimnyama ngezinhloso ezihlukile. Kumakhotela ehlobo, amagilebhisi ikakhulukazi akhelelwa ukusetshenziswa okusha, ukukhiqizwa kwamajusi newayini enziwe amnandi. Ukuthola isivuno esihle, kuyadingeka ukuthi ungafundi kuphela imithetho yokutshala nokunakekela, kepha futhi ufunde nobuthakathaka bezitshalo, izitha zabo nezifo. Sinikezela ngochungechunge lwezihloko ezikhuluma ngezinambuzane nezifo zamagilebhisi ukunakwa izivakashi zewebhusayithi, ukuze sizisize zifunde ukuthi zingavikela kanjani izifo ngendlela esifike ngesikhathi futhi zisize nezilwane ezifuywayo ezifuywayo. Engxenyeni ngayinye, izifo eziningana nezindlela zokulawula okusebenzayo zichazwe ngokuningiliziwe.
Izifo ezingathathelanayo
Lezi yizifo zamagilebhisi ezibangelwa izimo ezingezinhle zokukhula hhayi umsebenzi obalulekile wezinto eziphilayo eziyingozi.
I-Chlorosis
Kukhona ukutheleleka (okuningi kulokhu ngezansi kwesinye isigaba). Nge-chlorosis, amaqabunga alahlekelwa umbala wawo oluhlaza ngenxa yokuphulwa kokuhlanganiswa kwe-chlorophyll - imibala eluhlaza. Eminye imibala etholakala kuma-chromoplasts iyalondolozwa, ngakho-ke amaqabunga aba ukukhanya ophuzi, ukhilimu, abe mhlophe. Kubangelwa ukushoda kwensimbi kulesi sitshalo. Kulokhu, ipuleti ngokwayo liphenduka liphuzi, imithambo ihlala iluhlaza okwesikhashana. Ukuhlola lesi sifo, sifaka umucu, isibonakaliso noma uphawu eshidini ngesixazululo se-iron chelate (i-citric acid iron). Ngemuva kwamahora ambalwa, ishidi liphenduka libe luhlaza endaweni yesicelo.
Izimbangela ezivame kakhulu ze-chlorosis engatheleleki yilezi ezilandelayo:
- Ukucoliswa kwenhlabathi.
- Umswakama owengeziwe
- Ngokweqile, uma kuqhathaniswa ne-iron, okuqukethwe kumhlabathi wethusi, i-manganese, i-phosphorus, lime.
Ngaphansi kwezimo ezinjalo, ukufakwa kwensimbi enhlabathini kuyaphazamiseka, okuholela ku-chlorosis. I-chlorosis yamagilebhisi iphathwa ngengubo eziphezulu ezi-3 foliar eziphezulu ezinezixazululo zokulungiswa kwensimbi, okungabizi kakhulu yi-iron sulfate. Kuyinto elula ukuhlanganisa ukugqoka okuphezulu kanye nokufakwa kwezinye izinto zomkhondo, izidakamizwa ezishukumisayo nezokwelapha.
Isomiso
Isivini ngaso sonke isikhathi asihlali sinesilinganiso esifanele somswakama wezitshalo. Ukuntuleka kwamanzi kuvezwa ngaphandle kanjena.
Ukudubula - ukukhula nentuthuko kuncipha kakhulu, imiqhele iyaphela, ibune, ibune.
Amathenda - pendula, ubune, uqale kusukela ekugcineni, unyamalale.
Kushiya - jika ophuzi kakhulu, kusukela emaphethelweni amaqabunga aphansi, ungakhula, ugobe, uwe.
Ama-Berries - ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, i-ovary iwa. Njengoba kunesomiso esigabeni sethanga, ayabuna futhi ome, kuqala kusukela phansi kweqembu. Isomiso esigabeni sokugcwalisa sibangela isilonda esibonakalayo: kumnyama futhi kuthola umbala onsundu ingxenye yengxenye yamajikijolo, njengokungathi ucindezelwe ngumunwe. Lapho ususa isikhumba, ingaphakathi liphilile. Ngenxa yalokhu, amajikijolo omile njengawomisiwe, kepha maye, awabe esakwazi ukungenami.
Isomiso sasebusika sihambisana nokuqhekeka kwenhlabathi, izimpande ezincane zihlukane.
Izindlela zokulawula - Ukunisela nokulondolozwa komswakama enhlabathini: i-mulching; indawo yokuhlala ebusika ngomhlabathi; ukukhulula okuhlelekile ukuze kwephule ama-capillaries angaphezulu kwenhlabathi, okwenza ukuhwamuka kube nzima. Ukuchelela esifundeni sezimpande ngokusebenzisa amashubhu akumbile akhethekile: kuyonga futhi kusebenza kahle.
Ukushiswa yilanga
Ezinyangeni ezishisa kakhulu, amagilebhisi angagcwala elangeni. Ngokubukeka, amajikijolo anjengamanzi abilayo avuthiwe, abese eshwabana bese oma. Lapho zithintwa, zishisa ngokusobala. Amacembe abe ngaphansi kwensimbi eshisayo: bomile luhlaza, baphenduka ansundu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Amaqabunga anama-petioles awonakele ahlupheka kuqala: anobunzima bokuphakela amanzi ukwehlisa izinga lokushisa. Wonke umonakalo useceleni kwelanga lesihlahla, ngenkathi ngezifo ezithathelwanayo isithombe esinjalo singenzeki. Isihlahla sizama ukuzivikela ngokungenisa amanzi ngokufudumele kakhulu. Akakhuli, akaqongeleli izakhamzimba.
Izindlela zokulawula. Into esemqoka ukuba khona kwenani elanele lamanzi, ngakho-ke - ukuchelela, ukugoqeka, ubhubhise ukugcwala kwenhlabathi yoboya. ukucubungula. Ekushiseni siphonsa yonke amahlumela asanda kukhula asebangeni "eliphakeme" ngasohlangothini lwelanga. Ungakwazi ukumboza ama-bunches athintekile ngakho konke okutholakalayo: amaphephandaba, amaqabunga, njll. Asizigundi izikhala, linda ngombala wobuhle kuze kube yilapho isimo sezulu sibanda. Lapho kubekwa - sikhetha ukuhlukaniswa komugqa ukuze imigqa ifihle ngokwanele.
Izifo zamagilebhisi ezithathelwanayo
I-Mildew, (Downy hlobo, i-persporosis)
Mhlawumbe isifo esivame kakhulu. I-pathogen hibernates enhlabathini nakwimfucumfucu yesitshalo, ayamelana nanoma yisiphi isimo sezulu, ihlala iminyaka emi-2-5, kuthi izinhlwayi zithwelwe ngumoya kuze kufike ku-100 km. Entwasahlobo, ama-oospores ayahluma, ngosizo lwe-flagella emaconsi amancane omswakama (amazolo, ukuchelela, imvula) abhukuda aya kwi-stomata futhi akhule abe izitshalo, lapho angena khona ngamangqamuzana aphilayo, awabhubhise. Ukwelashwa nge-fungicides yokuxhumana ngemuva kokuhluma kwefungus ngaphakathi kwesitshalo akunampumelelo.
Ngemuva kokufakwa, umucu omncane wesikhunta ukhula ngaphakathi kwesitshalo - i-hyphae, ebusuku izitho ezithwala umzimba ziya ngaphandle. Kukhona eziningi zazo kangangokuba kumuntu kubukeka njengokuhlanganiswa okumpunga okulula ukwenzeka phansi kwephidi. Ingxenye ephezulu yamaqabunga ithola umthunzi onamafutha, ekuqaleni incane, inendawo ekhanyayo, amabala aseshidi akhuphuka, ahlangana kancane kancane.
Izindawo eziphuzi eziphakeme zivela emahlumela, kancane kancane zithole umbala onsundu. Amajikijolo athintekile ayoma lapho komile; uma kune sezulu esimanzi, abola futhi abumba. Ngokutheleleka sekwedlule isikhathi amajikijolo, kuvela amabala acindezelekile aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka eduze kwesiqu, ekugcineni kwejikijolo ayabambana, abole, bese ewa. Ukulahleka okuphelele kwezitshalo kungenzeka.
Izindlela zokulawula - Ukwelashwa okuphindaphindiwe ngama-fungicides.
Esokuqala senziwa ngaphambi kokuqala kwezimpawu zesifo!
Sisebenzisa umthetho we-3 dants: izinga lokushisa i-10 ° C, ubude be-10 cm, ukuphakama kwezulu ngo-10 mm. Izimo ziyahlangabezana - sekuyisikhathi sokusebenza. Ukwelashwa okulandelayo - kuya ngesimo sezulu. Ngonyaka omuhle walesi sifo, inani lokwelashwa lingafinyelela ku-6-8 ...
Ukuvimbela Okokuqala, ukukhethwa kwezinhlobo ezinamandla. Kepha ungathembi kakhulu, lokhu akuxazululi inkinga ngokuphelele: eminyakeni emibi, ukukhula kwesifo ezinhlotsheni ezinzinzile futhi ezingazinzile kwehluka ngejubane lokusakazeka, nokunye okuthe xaxa ngobukhulu nangamaphesenti esivuno esonakalisiwe. Ngakho-ke, ukucubungula, okungenzeka kakhulu, kusamele.
I-Oidium, noma i-powdery isikhutha samagilebhisi.
Ngokuqala kokukhula komvini, kuphuma amahlumela kushiya ukukhula emuva. Amaqabunga anjalo agobile. Amaqabunga, amajikijolo, iziqu kubukeka sengathi kufakwa ngofulawa, yingakho igama lalesi sifo. Leli thala liyizintambo ezicishe zibe mncane kakhulu zekhowe. Inamathele esithelweni ngezinkomishi ezikhethekile zokubamba ezibizwa nge-apressoria. Kulawa, i-haustoria ifakwa kumajikijolo lapho ukhunta udla khona. Ukukhula kwamajikijolo ngokubhujiswa kanyekanye kwezindonga kuholela ekuphukeni, imbewu iveziwe. Amabhomu avela emaphethelweni e-hyphae, lezi zingcezu zidabula kalula futhi zithathwe ng umoya. Kanye kwenye imivini, izihlahla ezintsha ziyahluma futhi zingene.
Uma kulimala ingxenye, lapho ingxenye yamagilebhisi isetshenziselwa iwayini, ukuhlunga kuyadingeka ekukhetheni amajikijolo alimele. Ngaphandle kwalokho, iwayini lizoba nokunambitheka kwesikhunta, kubaluleke ngokuphelele kuma-discoisseurs ...
Izinyathelo zokulwa namagilebhisi we-oidium. Ukwakhiwa kwamagilebhisi okulungile, anomoya omnandi, ukubhujiswa kwezimila ezindlini kusiza ukuvikela noma ukwenza buthakathaka kwesifo. Ama-fungusides namalungiselelo ethusi asiza ngokumelana nethambisi awalungele ukwelashwa kwamagilebhisi e-powdery. Ukulungiswa kwesibabule kunikeza umphumela omuhle kakhulu. Izincane izinhlayiya zesibabule, zingcono. I-Powder isibabule yokuvota idinga ukulondolozwa kahle ukuze inganamatheli ndawonye ebeleni, ihlale isendaweni eyomile. Izinga lokushisa ngenkathi licubungula izinto. Umoya kufanele ufudunyezwe kuze kufike ku-20 ˚,, ngaphandle kwalokho ngeke kusebenze. Ngaso leso sikhathi, ekushiseni okukhulu, ukushiswa kungenzeka, ehlobo elishisayo sicubungula ama-plantings ekuseni noma kusihlwa kusihlwa. Kuhle ukusebenzisa i-pastes ekhethekile evela ku-salfa ye-colloidal, wenza izingxube zethangi kusuka ku-isikhutha ne-oidium. Kulokhu, songa isikhathi nomzamo ngokunciphisa inani lezindlela zokwelapha.
I-anthracnose yamagilebhisi (iso lenyoni, isifo sokuhlala).
Lesi sifo siyasebenza ngemuva kwezimvula ezinkulu ngesichotho, yingakho elinye lamagama. Emagqabini kuboniswa ngokuvela kwezindawo ezincane ezomile ezinsundu ezungezwe umngcele omnyama. Kamuva, maphakathi nendawo uyafa, athole umbala ompunga, ovame izinyembezi. Amahlamvu agcwele izimbobo. Izindawo ezicindezelekile ezinomngcele omnyama ziyavela kumahlumela, zinqume ziqhume, ziphule. Amabala afanayo, ampunga, ansundu, onomngcele omnyama avela kumajikijolo. Ukufana nesithombe seso lenyoni, okuholela kwelinye igama.
Izindlela zokulawula. Lapho ungenwe amagilebhisi e-anthracnose, ukwelashwa kwenziwa ngemithi ngamalungiselelo ethusi noma nge-systemic fungicides. Akusizi ngalutho ukuthi lesi sifo sibizwa ngokuthi isifo sokuhlala emadolobheni; ngemuva kwemvula enkulu ngesichotho, siyasicubungula ngokushesha. Ngaphandle kokubambezeleka futhi kungakhathaleki isikhathi esilandelile esedlule.
Amagilebhisi adinga ukunakekelwa kwethu, ngaphandle kwalokho kunzima ukwethemba isivuno esihle. Ngokusobala, lokhu kufaka phakathi ukufafaza ngezidakamizwa kuphela. Ukutshala okufanele, ukuthena, ukufaka umanyolo, ukuchelela - konke kubalulekile. Isitshalo esinamandla, esicebile siyamelana nanoma yisiphi isifo kangcono.
