Ama-orchid angenye yezimbali ezinhle kakhulu nezingaqondakali. Manje vula izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezingama-30 zalezi zitshalo ezimangalisayo. Zivame ukusuka ezindaweni ezishisayo ukuya e-Arctic Circle. Kunezinhlobo ezimbalwa nje zama-orchid akhula ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo ekuthambekeni kwethu, kepha akhona. Isibonelo, i-orchid "iVenus slipper". Futhi kukhona inani elikhulu lezinhlobo namafomu ezenziwe ngobuciko.
Futhi uma ama-orchid akhula ngaphambili ekhaya kwakuhlala abambalwa abanolwazi kuphela, manje ama-orchid angatholakala ezindlini eziningi nasezindlini. Lokhu kwenzeke ngenxa yokuncipha nzalo engenakuzithoba kanye nokukhiqizwa kwesisindo kwezinto zokutshala emapulazini ehlukene wezimbali.
Kepha izitolo, ukwandisa ukuthengisa, ukudalula ama-orchid ngesimibalabala kakhulu, kepha umzuzu ongafanele kakhulu. Iqiniso ngukuthi ukuqhakaza isitshalo kungumzuzu onzima kunalokho futhi bakhuthazelela ushintsho olubucayi lwezimo. Ngemuva kwakho konke, ukuthengiswa kukhulelwe ezindlini zokugcina izithombo, ezimweni ezicishe zifanele. Futhi imibandela yokuphuma lapho izitshalo zitholakala khona ngaphambi kokuthengisa, futhi ezindlini eziningi, kukude kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abathengisi bavame ukungabi nazo izimfanelo ezanele zokubonisana nekhono lomnikazi wesikhathi esizayo wale mbali enhle.
Ngakho-ke, umtshali wokuqalisa kanye nemibuzo eminingi kuphakama: ukuthi ungasinakekela kanjani isitshalo, indlela yokwelula izimbali, i-orchid isiphelile - ukuthi wenzeni ngomcibisholo njalonjalo. Sizozama ukubaphendula kule ndatshana.
Lezi zincomo zihlobana kakhulu ne-orchid phalaenopsis evamile ezindlini zethu. Kepha singasetshenziswa futhi ezinhlotsheni eziningi ezitshaliwe. Kepha kufanelekile ukubheka ukuthi ezinye izinhlobo zama-orchid zibeka izidingo ezithile zokunakekelwa. Lokhu, ikakhulukazi, kuya ngemvelaphi, ngemibandela yendawo yabo yemvelo.
Ukuqhakaza kwe-Orchid
Isikhathi sokuqhakaza sama-orchid kungenzeka ukuthi singumphumela omuhle kakhulu wokukhulisa lezi zitshalo, ngaphandle kwezinhlobo ezikhule ngenxa yamaqabunga okuhlobisa.
Isikhathi sezimbali kuya ngezinto eziningi: ezinhlotsheni, ezinhlobonhlobo, esimweni sohlobo oluthile, izimo ezikhulayo, njll. Izimbali ezithile ze-orchid ziyaqhakaza izinsuku ezingama-3-4, okuyinto evamile kuzo, kanti ezinye ziyaqhubeka isikhathi sezimbali ezingaphezu kwezinyanga ezintathu.
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi inkazimulo yesitshalo esinzima futhi engenasisekelo ifake imbali, abathandi abaningi bakhula ngempumelelo ama-orchid ekhaya. Kepha kwesinye isikhathi babhekene nesimo esinjalo sokuthi imbali ingaqhubeki ukuqhakaza, naphezu kwayo yonke imizamo eyenziwe. Ukuze uphumelele, kufanele ulandele imithetho yokunakekelwa kwansuku zonke.
Kufanele futhi ubheke leyo orchid izitshalo zisetshenziswa, ngenxa yalokho, ukuqhakaza kufanele kuqale eminyakeni ethile. Lapho uthenga i-orchid, kuyadingeka ukucacisa iminyaka yokuhlwanyela nesikhathi sokuqala kwenkathi yezimbali nale nhlobo ethile. Uma isitshalo sisincane kakhulu, futhi sesivele sakha ama-buds, kungcono ukwenqaba ukuthenga lesi sibonelo. Ngoba uma izimbali ziqala ngaphambi kwesikhathi, isitshalo singakhathala futhi sifa ngaphambi kokuqedwa kwesigaba esinzima sempilo.
Imithetho Yokunakekela Yezimbali Esizinzile
AmaPhalaenopsis, njengamanye ama-orchid, adinga izimo ezithile ukuze asithokozise ngokuqhakaza izimbali njalo. Izidingo zabo zokunakekelwa ziphakeme kunezimbali ezijwayelekile zasendlini. Kepha ukudala indawo efanelekile yokukhula kwe-orchid nakho ungabi nzima.
Cabanga ngamaphuzu ayinhloko wokunakekelwa.
Isibani
Ukukhanyisa lapho ama-orchid ekhula edlala indima enkulu. Lezi zimbali zidinga ukukhanya okungafani kodwa okugcwele. Njengoba iningi lazo selijwayele impilo emahlathini, kokunye ukuqothuka. Imisebe yelanga eqondile ingabashisa, futhi ukuntuleka kokukhanya kuholela ekunciphiseni ukukhula futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ukuqeda kwezimbali.
Kunzima ikakhulukazi ezitshalweni ebusika, lapho ukukhanya kwemini kuncishisiwe, kunokukhanya okuncane kakhulu kwemvelo.
Rarulula le nkinga nge:
- Amashubhu we-fluorescent.
- Ukulungiswa kwe-Sodium.
- Izibani ze-LED, okuthiwa phytolamp.
Okuvame kakhulu amalambu we-fluorescent nesodium. Bakha isibani sokukhanya esiseduzane nemvelo. Kepha inketho engcono kakhulu kungaba, yize kubiza kakhulu, okuthiwa phytolamp. Ziyiqoqo lamakhodi we-LED adala ukugcwala okukhanyayo okudingekayo ekwakhekeni kwezakhi ezibukekayo. Ngasikhathi sinye, bakhipha ukushisa okuncane (kunciphisa ubungozi bezitshalo “ezivuthayo”), bahlala isikhathi eside futhi bezomnotho. Izibani ezijwayelekile ze-incandescent azifanelekele ukukhanyisa, ngoba ziguqula amaphesenti angama-90-95 wamandla abe yimisebe ye-infrared, okungukuthi, zimane zisebenza njenge- "heater" hhayi njengomthombo wokukhanya.
Umoya ozungeze isitshalo
Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, izwe lama-orchid amaningi nama-phalaenopsis ikakhulukazi, amahlathi emvula. Ngakho-ke izidingo ezandayo zomswakama. IPhalaenopsis idinga umswakama ongaba ngu-80%. Kepha ezindlini, ikakhulukazi ngokushisa okuphakathi, umswakama uphansi kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, i-hydration eyengeziwe iyadingeka.
Ukwandisa umswakama womoya eduze kwesitshalo, ungakhawulela isikhala kusuka egumbini lokuphumula ngefilimu ejwayelekile, ukwelashwa ngezikhathi ezithile ngamanzi afafaza. Uma lesi akusona isikhathi esanele, ungafaka iziqukathi ezivulekile ezibanzi ngamanzi, eduze kwezimbali. Kepha, ukuthintana ngqo nezimpande ngamanzi kufanele kugwenywe - lokhu kungaholela ekuwohlokeni kwawo.
Ukunisela
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ama-orchid angama-hygrophilous impela, umswakama owedlulele kufanele uvikeleke. Lokhu kuholela ezifweni nasekunciphiseni jikelele kwesitshalo. Ngesikhathi sokuphumula, izimbali azivamile ukuniselwa, ngokuvamile, ukuvikela kuphela umhlaba ukuba ungangeni.
Futhi, ungakhohlwa ukuqapha isimo sezimbobo zokudonsa. Ngemuva kokunisela, amanzi kufanele ageleze ngokukhululeka esuka ebhodweni. Kuyenqatshelwe ngokuphelele ukuvumela ukuzuma kwayo.
Ukunisela kungenziwa ngqo ezimpandeni zezitshalo, noma ukufaka yonke imbiza emanziniimizuzu engu-10-15. Ngakho-ke umswakama ngokulinganayo ugcwala wonke umhlabathi.
Umanyolo
Kumuntu oqala ukubhula ngezimbali, kuzoba ngcono ukusebenzisa umanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi owenziwe ngokwama-orchid, owethulwe okunezinhlobo eziningi ezitolo ezikhethekile. Kepha, kuyadingeka ukulandela ngokuqinile imiyalo ekhonjiswe kuzidakamizwa.
Ukulungiselela ama-orchid zingahlukaniswa ngamaqembu athile:
- Ukwanelisa isidingo sesitshalo sanoma iyiphi into eyodwa - i-nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium.
- Umanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi. Aqukethe yonke isethi edingekayo yezakhi zomsoco wezitshalo.
- Izinhlobo zokukhuthaza ezahlukahlukene. Ukukhuthaza ukukhula, ukwakheka kwezimpande, kusetshenziswa ngokuhlangana nomanyolo.
Ukudala ukucindezela kokufakelwa
Izimo zemvelo zokukhula kwama-orchid zinesisindo esikhulu, ngakho-ke, lezi zitshalo ziye zasungula izindlela ezithile zokuphendula ezimweni ezingezinhle.
Indlela "yokufakelwa kwengqondo" isuselwe kulokhu. Ukuze wenze lokhu, uma kunokwenzeka, wehlise izinga lokushisa ngama-4-5 degrees, ukunciphisa ukuthambisa, ukuvimbela ukomiswa ukuphuma enhlabathini epanini, kungafaki ukugqoka okuphezulu. Le nqubo yenziwa phakathi nezinyanga eziyi-1.5-2. Lapho izimo zibuyela kokujwayelekile, lokhu kutshengisa isitshalo ukuthi isikhathi esingesihle sesiphelile futhi sikhuthaza ukuqhakaza.
I-Orchid iqhakazile, yini okufanele yenziwe ngomcibisholo?
Nansi inkathi emibalabala kunazo zonke yokuphila kwama-orchid aqediwe. Umbuzo wokuqala ophakamayo wabaqalayo - i-phalaenopsis iqhakaze ukuthi yini okufanele yenziwe ngokulandelayo? Yikuphi ukunakekelwa okudingekayo ngemuva kokuqhuma kwe-orchid?
Okokuqala kudingeka uqiniseke ukuthi isitshalo sesiphelile ngempela. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukuhlola ngokucophelela ithiphu ye-peduncle kanye namagatsha ayo aseceleni. Uma ziluhlaza futhi zingonakalanga, khona-ke kungenzeka ukuthi izimbali zingakaqedwa, futhi amanye ama-buds angezeka. Lokhu kungenzeka zombili ngesikhathi sezimbali ezinkulu, futhi emasontweni ambalwa ngemuva kokuwa kwezimbali eziningi.
Uma ithiphu selomile, lishintshe umbala, liphenduka liphuzi, kungenzeka, akudingeki ulindele ukuqhuma okusha. Yini okufanele yenziwe kuleli cala? Ungasika isiqu sezimbali ngaphezulu kokugcina, okubizwa ngokuthi "iphuzu lokulala". Izihlahla kwenziwa ngenhla kwezinso kuphela, ngebanga elingaba ngu-1.5 cm. Ezinhlotsheni eziningi zama-orchid, kwenziwa ama-buds ambalwa "okulala" (igama lesayensi, ama-meristems), ambozwe ngezikali ezivikelayo. Lezi efihlekile, njengoba isitshalo sikhula, kungenziwa isebenze futhi ikhule, kwakha peduncle lateral.
Ngemuva kokuqinisekisa ukuthi i-orchid isiphelile, unga, uma kunesidingo, uqhubeke komunye umzuzu obalulekile wokunakekelwa - ukufakelwa. Ngoba akunakwenzeka ukufakelwa kwesinye sezimbali.
Inqubo yokufakelwa kwe-Orchid zingahlukaniswa izigaba ezithile eziyinhloko:
- Ukulungiswa kwenhlabathi nethangi elisha lesitshalo.
- Izinyathelo eziqondile zokuthwalwa kanye nezindlela zokuvimbela ngohlelo lwezimpande.
- Ukuqinisekisa izimo ezifanele zokuguqulwa kwezitshalo ngemuva kokufakelwa.
Kungcono kubaqalayo ukuthenga inhlabathi entsha yalokhu esitolo esikhethekile. Ngaphambi kokufakelwa, kuyadingeka ukumanzisa inhlabathi kahle ebhodweni ukuze isitshalo kulula ukusifinyelela futhi nezimpande zingonakali.
Khipha isitshalo ebhodweni elidala, hlola uhlelo lwezimpande ngokucophelela. Kuyadingeka ukusika zonke izimpande ezomile, ezilimele noma ezinesifo ngethuluzi elibukhali. Abanempilo banombala okhanyayo nokuqina.
Lapho ufaka isitshalo endaweni ethile, kuyadingeka ukuthi uqaphele ikakhulukazi nezimpande. Isitshalo kufanele sicwiliswe ezingeni elifanayo nelasethishini elidala. Ukunisela ngokushesha ngemuva kokufakelwa kungakhethwa; okungcono kakhulu ukufafaza ngokucophelela bese ushiya endaweni enomswakama, enomthunzi amasonto ambalwa.
Ukunakekelwa okuthe xaxa kwe-orchid ngemuva kokuqhakaza kwezimbali akufani neze nokujwayelekile, mane nje udinga ukubona ukubusa kokuphuza nokondla.
I-Orchid Dormancy
Ezinhlotsheni eziningi zama-orchid ngemuva kwenkathi yezimbali kunesikhathi sokuphumula okuhlobene, phakathi lapho isilinganiso sokukhula sincipha kakhulu, isilinganiso se-metabolism sincipha. Isikhathi sokudonswa ngokwaso, isikhathi noma ukungabikho kwaso kuya ngesimo sezulu ezweni lesitshalo esithile.
Ngemuva kokuqedwa kokukhula kwamahlumela amasha, ama-orchid amaningi aqala inkathi yokuphela kwesihlobo. Kungalesi sikhathi lapho lesi sitshalo sidinga ukwehla kwezinga lokushisa kanye nokwehla kwenani lokunisela. Izimo ezinje neqhaza ekwakhekeni kwezimbali eziqhakazayookuyothi, ngokuya ngerejimeni efanele yokunakekela, izokwakha izimbali.
Kunezinhlobo ze-orchid ezinezikhathi zokuphumula eziphelele (ngokwesibonelo, iPleione). Lokhu kuvezwe eqinisweni lokuthi ingxenye esemoyeni yesitshalo iyafa, kuphela izimpande ezisele, zonke izinqubo ze-metabolic zivinjelwe kakhulu izinyanga eziningi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akukho okudingeka kwenziwe, ekugcineni kwesikhathi sokuwa, izimpande ngokwazo zinikeza amahlumela amasha.
Kukhona futhi izinhlobo lapho isikhathi sokuphumula singadalulwa kangako noma sikhona. Izitshalo ezinjalo zikhiqiza imifino unyaka wonke (isibonelo, iPhalaenopsis).
Isiphetho
"Lapho imbali iqhakaza, kufanele ngenzeni?" - ngemuva kokufunda le ndatshana, ngeke usabuza umbuzo onjalo.
Ukunakekela ngemuva kokuqhakaza ama-orchid akulula njengoba kungenzeka. Landela izeluleko ezilula, okungenhla nama-orchid azojabulisa impilo nobuhle bawo isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka.
