Izimfihlo eziyi-7 zabachwepheshe abasiza ukwenza ingadi yakho ikhethekile

Izingadi, eziklanywe ngabaqambi abangochwepheshe, zihlaba umxhwele ngokubuka nje. Babukeka bephefumula ukuvumelana, futhi abadali babo kubukeka sengathi cishe bayizilingo ezinemfihlo nezimfihlo. Kepha eqinisweni, izisekelo zobuciko bengadi azifinyeleleki kangako kubalimi nabajwayelekile abalimi. Ngemuva kwakho konke, isisekelo samaphrojekthi avumelanayo, anemibala futhi ngamunye ayizimiso ezilula. Futhi ukuze usebenze kubo, kwanele ukungazinikezi isikhathi sokuhlola nokuhlelela futhi ungesabi izinqumo ezinesibindi.

Umklamo wezwe

Tricks ezikhethiwe zeNgadi Ehle Engadini

Ukufaka amaqhinga wokwenza umsebenzi akuwona umsebenzi onzima kangako. Futhi kungakhathaleki ukuthi imigomo yokwakheka komhlaba ingaxaka kanjani, vele uyizame kanyekanye - futhi uzobona ukuthi eqinisweni asuselwa emithethweni elula nengqondo yokuqamba. Futhi abaqukethe noma yiluphi ulwazi "lwe-elite". Futhi ukuze ungenzi amaphutha, ungadideki futhi ungalokothi ulahlekelwe “yintambo”, ungakhohlwa ngemithetho eyinhloko:

• ngaso sonke isikhathi, kunoma yiziphi izimo, noma ngabe ukhetha uhlobo oluthile lwesitshalo, ungakhohlwa ngomqondo ojwayelekile - ingqikithi, isitayela, izinhloso zokuhlela, isimo ofuna ukusenza engadini futhi, isabelomali;
• Ungesabi ukuhlela futhi uphinde uhlole, dweba imidwebo, ubhale phansi imibono, uqhathanise futhi "uthole" emhlabathini, uthathe izithombe ukuze uhlale uzethemba ngezenzo zakho;
• hamba njalo usuka kokujwayelekile - ifomu, isitayela, isikimu sombala, njll. - kuya kwesinye - kwizitshalo ezithile nezinhlobonhlobo zazo, hhayi okuphambene nalokho (khombisa zonke izenzo zakho emcabangweni owodwa);
• ungalokothi ukhohlwe ukuhlola ukwakheka nezinto ezisetshenziswa engadini ukuze zisebenze - ukunakekelwa okudingekayo, ukumelana nokuqina, ukuqina; i-aesthetics ibaluleke kakhulu, kodwa kubaluleke kakhulu ngokwengeziwe ukwenza ingadi ongayithanda ehambelana nesigqi sakho sempilo namandla akho.

Uma ucabanga ukuthi ingadi yakho ayinazo isicwebezelisi, ukuphelela nobuqotho, ihlole ngokuya ngezinqubo eziyi-7 eziphambili zomsebenzi - “amaqhinga” kanye “nezimfihlo” ezenza iphrojekthi ivumelane futhi ikhange. Ukuzisebenzisa lapho uhlela kabusha amadala futhi uqhekeka izinto ezintsha, unganikeza isiza sakho isithombe esisha ngokuphelele nokugqamisa kakhulu okuzobeka umqhele design bese kuxhuma zonke izinto ndawonye.

Lapho uhlela ukwakhiwa kwengadi, okokuqala, nquma ngefomu elisekela lonke uhlelo

Imfihlo 1. Ifomu lithanda ukuqiniseka

IFomu akuyona enye yamagama olimi lochwepheshe kanye nokuqanjwa okujwayelekile kwama-contours. Leli ithuluzi elibaluleke kakhulu elingenza ukuthi ingadi ihluke futhi iwuchithe ngokwangempela lo msebenzi. Impela, kungukuhlobana okuyisisekelo kwamafomu anquma ukuvumelana kokuqonda kokubumbana komuntu ngamunye kanye nesiza sisonke. Futhi uma ufuna ingadi yakho ibukeke “yongcweti ”, nquma ukuthi yiliphi ifomu elisekela lonke lelo lungiselelo. Futhi ungalokothi ushiye emuva kuye. Usebenzisa ifomu elikhethiwe ekuhlelweni kwezindlela nezizathu, emibhedeni yezimbali, nezaphulelo, nakuzo "izinto ezincane", uzothatha isinyathelo esikhulu ekubhekeni ukubukeka okuphelele kwengadi. Kuyisimo nobunjalo bayo obungaphansi kokuvumelana kwengadi.

Kepha ungesabi: kukhulunywa ngesisusa, kunokuba ngesibalo esithile enhliziyweni yezingoma nezinto. Ukukhethwa kwesimo akusho neze ukuthi uma unendlela ende enxantathu, khona-ke yonke imibhede yezimbali kufanele iphindaphinde isilinganiso sezinhlangothi zayo. Udinga nje ukukhetha emihlanganweni emibili nezinto zawo eziyisisekelo:

1. imigqa egelezayo, noma ifomu le-fluid, elingamelwa ngokugoba, imigqa egobile, ukuguquka okubushelelezi (izindlela ezinjalo zibukeka ziqabulekile, zemvelo);
2. imigqa eqondile, noma ukwakheka kwejometri okubandakanya izindlela eziqondile nokusetshenziswa kwesikwele, isiyingi, okusaqanda noma isikwele njengoba "isisekelo" esakhiweni (ngenkathi i-geometric motifs ingahlanganiswa noma ingekho ndawonye). Imigqa eqondile ye-Classic kanye neJiyomethri eqinile kwenza ingadi ibukeke inesizotha, inemikhosi futhi iqinile ngandlela thile.

Kulabo abahlomisa ingadi entsha, ukuqala ekuqaleni kulula: bangakwazi ukuzikhethela. Uma ufuna ukwenza ngcono ingadi ekhona, kuzodingeka unqume ifomu eliqavile:

• ahlole ukuthi ngabe ama-motifs wemvelo noma wejometri alawula ingadi yakho bese ukhetha "umholi";
• shintsha izinto ezingahambelani nesisusa esiyisisekelo, zibanikeze abangokwemvelo noma bangqongqo ngomngcele omusha, i-accent, njll.

Ngaphakathi kwesisusa esikhethiwe esimaphakathi ngefomu elithile, ungadlala, futhi "xhuma" ivolumu, ubukhazikhazi, isikali, ukuthungwa ukuze uveze okukhulu.

Uma ungahambelani ekwakhiweni kwefomu elikhethiwe, khona-ke ukuthembeka kwengadi ngeke kutholakale. Okuwukuphela kwendawo ehlukile, enobumbano futhi ehlukaniswe ngokuphelele izindawo lapho izinto ezikhethekile ziphihlizwe khona - ngokwesibonelo, ingadi yeheather noma ekhoneni lokuzindla.

Izindawo ezisebenzayo engadini zihlukaniswa ngokuhlukile komunye, okubonisa inguquko

Inombolo eyimfihlo 2. Ukwehlula umhlaba nakanjani

Indawo ehlukile engadini ayisiwona nje kuphela amagumbi ayizintandokazi, aqokonyiswe njengawodwa akhethekile. Lesi yisici esibalulekile, iyunithi esebenzayo yokulungiselela ingadi echaza lonke design. Ukwahlula kuyadingeka kuyo yonke ingadi, kufanele nakanjani kube esiteji sokuthuthukiswa kwephrojekthi noma kunxeshezelwe ngokuzayo. Ngasikhathi sinye, izindawo azabiwa ngokuya ngomgomo wokuqamba izindawo ezibaluleke kakhulu noma ezizithandayo. I-Zoning ihlinzeka ngokuhlukaniswa kwensimu yonke yesiza ibe yizindawo ezinobukhulu obuhlukahlukene, ezisebenzayo, zombili ekusetshenzisweni nasekubunjweni, ezabiwe engxenyeni ehlukile.

Ngakho-ke, bahlukanisa baba yindawo ehlukile engxenyeni yengadi lapho kukhona ichibi khona, ingadi yemifino, ingadi yezithelo, insimu eseduze kwendlu nethala, indawo enemibhede yezimbali eyinhloko, ingadi yedwala noma ekhoneni lokuphumula, utshani obukhulu. Futhi uma ufisa, bahlinzeka ngokuhlukile basebenzise indawo yokuhlungela ukuhamba, uchungechunge lwemibhede yezimbali, ingadi ye-rose noma iridary, njll.

Izindawo ezisebenza engadini kufanele zihlukaniswe komunye nomunye, okubonisa ukushintshwa. Kunezinketho zokuhlela lapho indawo ngayinye ihlotshiswe ngesitayela esehlukile, ihlukaniswe nayo yonke ingadi. Kepha le ndlela ihlukile. Izindawo ezihlukaniswe iningi lamaphrojekthi zihlukaniswe ngokujwayelekile, zibonisa kuphela imingcele yoshintsho - uthango oluncane, isivalo, umugqa otshanini, i-arch enomvini, izinto zokuhlobisa noma izinto zokwakha ezincane, izaphulelo kanye nezingadi zobumba, zishiya izikhala kanye nezikhala, ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ukuxhumana phakathi kwezingxenye ngazinye. ingadi. Ungazilinganisela ngokuphelele ekuguqukeni kuphela kwendawo noma okokubhidliza izinto (isibonelo, umbala wotshani wotshani, ukushintshwa kusuka egcekeni elicwengekileyo kuya endaweni yokugcwala kusuka kwekhava lomhlabathi, inhlanganisela yendawo egandayiwe kanye ne-gravel noma utshani, njll.).

Lapho ukhetha inketho yokuqedelela amathrekhi namapulatifomu, ukudala imingcele noma ukuklama amachibi nezingadi zamadwala, kufanelekile ukuma ezintweni zokwakha ezivamile endlini

Inombolo eyimfihlo 3. Ubunye bezakhiwo nezitshalo

Ukuze ingadi ibonwe njengephrojekthi evumelanayo, eqediwe futhi ebonakalayo, kuyadingeka ukufezekisa ukulinganisela kuyo hhayi kuphela esakhiweni esithile nasekwakheni ngakunye, kodwa futhi nokwakha umuzwa wobumbano, umphakathi phakathi kwazo zonke izinto zokwakha nokwakheka komhlaba. Okokuqala, udinga ukuxhuma indlu nengadi.

Ukufinyelela umuzwa wokuvumelana, kwanele ukuklama “fad” uqobo okudingeka ugxile kulo lapho uthatha noma yisiphi isinqumo, engeza izici eziyinhloko zendlu - izinto ezisetshenziselwa ukwakhiwa kwayo kanye nemigqa eyinhloko enquma isitayela sokwakha. Lapho ukhetha inketho yokuhlobisa izindlela namapulatifomu, ukudala imingcele noma ukuhlobisa amachibi nezingadi zamatshe, kuyasiza ukuhlala ezintweni ezivamile zendlu.
Kodwa ubumbano alunakutholwa kuphela ngokufuna izinhlobo ezifanayo zamatshe noma ngokukhetha isihlahla. Ingadi nendlu "zixhunyiwe" komunye nomunye ngosizo lwezitshalo, zinaka hhayi kuphela ukudala imibhede emihle yezimbali nokusebenzisa izihlahla ezinkulu nezihlahlana engadini njenge "counterweight" endlini, kodwa futhi nokuhlobisa i-facade uqobo. Futhi azikho izinketho zokuhlobisa okunjalo okuluhlaza:

• ukusetshenziswa kwemivini yokwenza upholstery ekhaya;
• ukufakwa kwesisekelo somvini omuhle wokuqhakaza emnyango emnyango wendlu;
• ukusetshenziswa "konogada oluhlaza" emnyango nokubeka ingadi yebhodwe ngasendlini;
• ukwakheka kwemingcele yama-rabatoks kanye ne-ribbon, imibhede yezimbali emincane enezitshalo ezinde eduze kwezindonga zezakhiwo nasemaphethelweni wenhlabathi "osalile";
• ukwehlukana kwezingoma ezithandekayo ngethala;
• umhlobiso owenziwa ngabashayeli bezindiza bewindows, i-veranda ne-balcony, njll.

Izindawo eziningi ongabeka kuzo, zingcono. © Ukusungulwa Kwangaphandle

Inombolo 4 eyimfihlo. Into esemqoka ukuhlala ngokunethezeka

Noma yimuphi umklami uzothi ingadi ekhangayo ngokuyinhloko yindawo lapho ungakhululeka khona futhi ujabulele ukuxhumana nemvelo. Namuhla ngaphandle kwethala cishe akunakwenzeka ukuthi ucabange indlu eyodwa yezwe. Kepha i-patio ethokomele ehlangana nesakhiwo ayinqunyelwe ngokuphelele imisebenzi yokuzijabulisa engadini. Izindawo zokuphumula ziyizinto eziphambili, ezibaluleke kakhulu kunoma isiphi isiza. Ngemuva kwakho konke, abagcini ngokunikeza ithuba lokuphumula, bancoma impumuzo edalwe uthando futhi babonge izithelo zemizamo yabo. Yiwo enza ingadi iphelele, umuntu ngamunye, akhange. Futhi kungokwakho. Ngempela, kungombhalo wokuphumula lapho kuboniswa khona izinkambiso zomuntu siqu kanye nezinto azithandayo zabanikazi besayithi.

Awekho amakhona angaphezulu kokuphumula engadini. Izindawo eziningi ongabeka kuzo, zingcono. Ngaphezu ithala, noma esivandeni esincane, kubalulekile ukusetha okungenani ikona “elikude” ukuze uphumule. Futhi njengoba behluke kakhulu, kuhlala kukhona inketho yokuklama efanelekile. Ngemuva kwakho konke, ukunamathisela ibhentshi elincane lokhuni ngothango, ukubeka isihlalo esincane ngaphansi kwesihlalo esinezintambo ze-rose noma ukufaka izihlalo eziningana ekugcineni kwendlela kulula. Futhi lokhu kungasho ukuthi izindawo ezinkulu zokuzilibazisa ngaphansi kwesihlahla somndeni, phakathi kotshani, echibini, zibuyiselwa emibhedeni yezimbali, ngokubukwa kabusha nge-barbecue, gazebos, pavilions, lapho kunokuthile okwenzeka khona.

Into esemqoka ukuvikela indawo enjalo yokuzilibazisa emehlweni enyama, khetha ifenisha, izitshalo zezimbiza ezinobumba nezinye izinto. Futhi ungakhohlwa ngokuvikelwa okwengeziwe. Ngempela, ukuphumula okuphelele kungenzeka kuphela lapho umoya wokuhlakazeka emhlabeni, induduzo nokuvikeleka ubusa khona. Futhi izindlela zalokhu zingasetshenziswa ezahlukene - ama-heedge amafushane, izikrini nezikrini, imivini ephathekayo kuma-trellises, umbhede wezimbali. Ngaphezu komsebenzi wokuzivikela, "uthango" olunjalo lwekhoneni lokuphumula kufanele futhi lenze eminye imisebenzi - dala iphanorama enemibala, inikeze umuzwa “wokushona” ngemibala nangamakha.

Izingadi ezihlaba umxhwele kakhulu - lezo ezingathathwa ngokoqobo shazi

Inombolo eyimfihlo 5. Umphumela wokumangalisa

Ingadi kuphela ethathwa njengokuthakazelisa, ehlukile, eyangempela, futhi awukhathali ukuyivula nokuyihlola. Enye yezinto ezisemqoka lapho kungenzeka ukunquma ngokunembile amaphrojekthi wekhwalithi ephezulu yi-aura yemfihlakalo, imfihlo, imfihlo, lowo moya okhethekile ongavumeli inzalo ukuba iguge usuku nosuku. Ukwenza ingadi ibe yimfihlakalo akunzima kangako - kwanele ukwenza imfihlo ethakazelisa kakhulu, efihlekile emehlweni enyama.

Izingadi ezihlaba umxhwele kakhulu yilezo ezingathathwa ngokoqobo shazi. Okungenani “imfihlo” eyodwa kufanele ibe ngisho nasendleleni elula kunazo zonke futhi inesizotha ngosayizi wengadi. Igumbi lokuphumula, ibhentshi elingcwelwe uthango, i-gazebo ethokomele, isitulo esincane sedesika epulazini lakho eliyintandokazi, isithombe esihle segadi, isitshalo esingaphandle, ingadi yamakhemikhali noma ingadi yokuhlobisa - noma yini engadini isetshenziswa njenge "mfihlo". Kufanele zivele ngokuzumayo, ngokungazelele, zifihle izitshalo ezivulekile kuze kube yilapho umzila uphenduka noma uzithola ukwenye ingxenye yesayithi ngenkathi uhamba. Lawa “amagugu afihliweyo” enza ingadi yakho ihehe futhi ijabulise.

Ukufihla ikona eliyimfihlo elithambile emilenzeni enamaqabunga, ungasebenzisa uthango olugxibha ithanga ngomvini noma nge-rabatka eluhlaza enezihlahla ezikhula isikhathi eside nezihlahlana, futhi kwesinye isikhathi kube nengadi ebunjiwe. Into esemqoka ukubeka izitshalo phambi kwento ukuze kungabonakali ukuthi yini efihliwe ngemuva kwabo. Futhi noma uhambahamba engadini nsuku zonke, awusoze wakhathala ukuthola izinto ezifihliwe. Banikeza umuzwa wokuqamba, ukwakheka okuhlukaniswe ngezindlela eziningi, ukuheha imfihlakalo, ngaphezu kwemibala nokunethezeka, bagcwalisa lezo zindawo ngombono wokutholwa.

Ukuqhubekela phambili kusisekelo sokuthi "usuka kwezinkuni uye ku-crumb", awusoze wenza amaphutha noma wenza umngcele we-ribbon

Inombolo 6 eyimfihlo. Ungabanjwa ngemininingwane

Inkinga enkulu yezingadi "eziyizimfundamakhwela" ukushoda kokukhethwa okuhleliwe kwezitshalo. Umgcini wegadi ngamunye isikhathi esiningi wake waba nethuba lokuthenga izithombo noma ama-perennials ama-perennials "ewa othandweni ekuqaleni kokubona" ​​noma ayengwe ngenhlobonhlobo entsha. Futhi cishe kuzoba nendawo yobungqabavu obunemibala engadini ... Ngale ndlela, iphutha lokuqala lilele - udinga ukukhetha hhayi indawo yezitshalo, kodwa izitshalo zendawo ethile.

Umqondo ojwayelekile, inhloso, isisusa sokwakheka, isithombe esikhethiwe kanye nokubukeka okufisayo kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi kube kusendaweni yokuqala. Futhi izitshalo kufanele zibonwe njengethuluzi lokufinyelela umgomo ophakeme, hhayi njengomthombo oyinhloko wokuphefumlelwa. Imvamisa, ngisho noma bediliza ingadi yezimbali elula, baqala ngesitshalo, bakhethe abathandekayo bakho, abanemibala ethandwa kakhulu. Kepha uma ufuna imbali yakho yeentyatyambo ibukeke iyihlelekile futhi inendawo ephelele, akudingi ukuthi ungadideki imininingwane, kepha cabanga ngomqondo wensimu yezimbali, bese uthola izitshalo ezinhle kuphela kuyo. Inhloso ingaphezulu kwezindlela zokuyifeza, futhi umqondo ojwayelekile ubaluleke kakhulu kunamathuluzi athile.

Njalo, ngaphansi kwanoma yiziphi izimo futhi kunoma yikuphi ukwakheka kokuhlobisa, ngokulandelana cabanga bese utshala ngokulandelana:

• izitshalo ezinamahlahla;
• izihlahlana ezinde;
• izihlahlana ezincane;
• ama-perennials amakhulu e-herbaceous;
• perennials eziphakathi nendawo nezincane;
• abavikeli benhlabathi;
• ama-accents asizini kanye "nezinkanyezi" ezincane.

Ukuqhubekela phambili kusisekelo sokuthi "usuka kwezinkuni uye ku-crumb", awusoze wenza amaphutha noma wenza umngcele we-ribbon. Izitshalo ezingasetshenziswanga ekwakhiweni okuthile zimane zeqiwe - bese uqhubekela esigabeni esilandelayo.

Ukuvama kwalomsebenzi ngokulandelana kubizwa ikakhulu lapho kuqhekeka izingadi ezintsha: okokuqala, izindawo zibekelwa izihlahla ezinde, bese kuthi izihlahla ezinde ezinde namaqembu esihlahla kanye nezihlahla. Ngemuva kwalokho - babeka imininingwane ngemibhede yezimbali, bese-ke begcwalisa konke okwenziwe ngezitshalo. Futhi nasenqubo yokutshala izihlanganisi zekhaphethi, zihlala zisuka kokukhulu kuya kokuncane, zisuka nezihlahlana ezincane ziye ezembozweni zomhlaba nasehlobo.

Ungacabangi ukuthi le ndlela ishiya indawo yokuthenga okuthandayo okuzenzakalelayo noma ukutholwa okusha. Ilula futhi kufanelekile: ikamelo lokuphumula engadini ekhethekile ye "vavanyo "noma khetha isaphulelo esisodwa ozozama kuso izinhlobo ezintsha. Ngokuphelele njengeplatifomu yendawo yonke, imibhede yezimbali yabashayeli bezindiza kanye nemibhede yezimbali, iziqhingi, egcwele abashayeli bezindiza njalo isizini: ama-perennials amaningana angahlala atshalwe kuwo.

Indawo yezindawo eziphansi, utshani nezinye izinto ezivundlile kufanele zibe zilingana nezingoma ze volumetric, izinto zibheke phezulu

Inombolo eyimfihlo 7. Isakhiwo sima mpo

Ngaphandle kokuthi ukunakwa okuphakathi ekwakhiweni kwengadi kuhlala kunikezwa kule ndawo kanye nokwahlukaniswa kwayo - ukubekwa komhlaba, ukubekwa kombhede wezimbali, izindlela, utshani, njll - enye indiza enzima ekuhlolweni okuqondile nayo ingaphezu kokubalulekile. Isakhiwo esima mpo sensimu sinquma ukujula kwendawo, ukuvumelana, ukuxhumana kwezakhi, ibhalansi phakathi kwezakhiwo nemibhede yezimbali ebandayo, iphenduka impumuzo eyisicaba ibe indawo ebonakalayo. Futhi ngumdlalo ezindaweni eziphakeme ezahlukahlukene - okungajwayelekile kakhulu kumakhono we-landscape.

Ukukhethwa kwezitshalo zasengadini kwehlukene, kufaka phakathi ukuphakama. Izembozo ezingaphansi komhlaba kanye notshani obunotshani obhula ngokweqiniso noma obhula bukhazimulayo, ama-perennials, amasizini osayizi abahlukahlukene, izihlahlana nezihlahla kusuka emincane kuya kumbi, konke iziqu ezikwazi ukudonsa phezulu kuya kubude bamamitha amaningi konke kungamathuluzi angafaka ukujula kunoma yikuphi ukwakhiwa . Futhi umdlalo nokuphakama kwezitshalo kungenye yemibukiso engadini ethakazelisa kakhulu. Kepha ukwesabeka kwengadi, nezindonga ezisekelayo, nezinye izinhlobo zama-alpine slides, izisekelo, amasokisi nawo afakiwe. Ukukhululeka kwengadi akufanele kube yisicefe, kube yisicaba futhi kuvinjelwe, futhi notshani obushelelezi obungemthetho kufanele bugcizelelwe ngendawo ephakeme nendawo ephakeme.

Ukuthola ibhalansi efanelekile yama-contours nama-verticals akulula, kepha kungenzeka. Ukubusa kwendawo yonke "kwegolide" kusho ukuthi into esemqoka ukulinganisela. Indawo yezindawo eziphansi, utshani nezinye izinto ezivundlile kufanele zibe zilingana nezingoma ze volumetric, izinto zibheke phezulu. Futhi kukho konke ukwakheka, kuzo zonke izifunda zensimu, umuntu kufanele alwele umgomo ofanayo - kunoma iyiphi "indiza" ukuhlinzekela "amandla akhe" aqonde phezulu. Isimo senguquko phakathi kwezakhi eziphansi neziphezulu zingakhethwa ngokuya ngezinhloso namafomu abusa engadini, ukubenza babe bushelelezi futhi bangokwemvelo noma bahluke. Ngemuva kwakho konke, ungasebenzisa izitshalo eziphakeme ngokwezindlela ezihlukile. Ushintsho olungemuva olusuka endaweni ephansi iye emuva kakhulu, iziqongo ezibukwayo ezingomeni ezithokomelekayo, ama-rabatki alinganayo nosayizi noma ngokulinganayo “okufana” ne-cardiogram, "amaza" athambile noma umehluko wemidondoshiya nezimfushane, “amaphuzu” akhanyayo, wonke umuntu oshaya izingoma ezinkulu isisusa oyithandayo. Kepha ukuvumelana kwesakhiwo esime mpo akunakwaphulwa.