Isitshalo se-almond (Prunus dulcis) - isihlahla esincane noma isihlahlana se-subgenus Ama-alimondi we-genum Plum yomndeni Pink. Lesi sihlahla esihle kakhulu somhlobiso, esivele sithandwa ngabalimi isikhathi eside. Ingxabano ebalulekile yokuxhasa izihlahla ze-alimondi ezikhulayo kungaba iqiniso lokuthi lesi sitshalo sihlala njalo futhi siyakwazi ukujabulisa umnikazi ngokubukeka kwawo okuhle kwezimbali cishe iminyaka eyikhulu.
Incazelo Yezitshalo Zase-almond
I-almond shrub yisitshalo esibalulekile sokuhlobisa. Kuyathandwa phakathi kwabaqambi bengadi kanye nabaklami bemvelo ngezizathu eziningi. Okokuqala, ama-alimondi awathobeki futhi amelana nesomiso. Okwesibili, isihlahla sinomqhele omuhle oyindilinga, ohlale ubukeka futhi ucocekile. Okwesithathu, liqhakaza kakhulu amasonto ama-3. Izimbali zinhle kakhulu, zipinki noma zimhlophe zinamaphawu amaningi. Okwesine, amaqabunga e-alimondi e-steppe nawo ahlobisa. Ngemuva kokuqhakaza, kuvela amaqabunga amnyama aluhlaza kuso. Imiphetho yazo i-serrate, i-lanceolate. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngemuva kokuwa kwezimbali, endaweni yazo izithelo ziyavela. Zingabonakali, kepha zinokubukeka okuhle kokuhlobisa.
Ukutshala ama-alimondi emhlabathini ovulekile
Indawo
Njengazo zonke izitshalo zaseningizimu, isihlahla sikabhontshisi sithanda izindawo ezinelanga ukuba zikhule. Ukuze wenze isihlahla sikhululeke futhi sijabulise ngokubukeka kahle, kufanele usitshale endaweni ethule futhi ezolile. Ukuze uthole izithombo, udinga ukufaka isigxobo ukuze uxhaswe.
Ukutshala ama-alimondi kungcono ekwindla, lapho amaqabunga esevele ebumbekile. Kungenzeka entwasahlobo, kepha kuyadingeka ngemuva kokusatshiswa kwesithwathwa. Ukugibela kungenziwa ekuseni noma kusihlwa.
Ukuze izitshalo zikwazi ukufakwa impova, kuyadingeka ukukhulisa izihlahlana eziningana endaweni eyodwa. Kuhle uma kukhona izinyosi eduze: i-almond steppe isitshalo esimnandi soju.
Inhlabathi
Ngokuqondene nomhlabathi, ofanele ama-alimondi aphansi, kungcono ukuzenzela wena. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukuthatha inhlabathi eshidi, i-humus nesihlabathi ngesilinganiso 3: 2: 1. Uma i-acidity yenhlabathi iphezulu, ke kufanelekile ukungeza ufulawa omncane noma ufulawa we-dolomite.
Ngemuva kwalokho kufanele ugaye umgodi bese uthelela amanzi ngaphansi. Njengombhalo wokudonsa, ungasebenzisa izitini ezaphukile, itshe elichotshoziwe noma amatshe asayizi aphakathi. Amadaya kufanele abe ngama-20-30 cm. Isihlabathi (5-10 cm) kufanele sithululelwe kuwo, bese umhlabathi olungiselelwe kufanele uthelwe. Umsuka wempande yesithombo kufanele ube ngaphezu kwenqanaba lomhlabathi.
Ibanga phakathi kwezihlahla kufanele okungenani libe yimitha eyi-1. I-Bobovnik ikhula kahle futhi izofihla izihlahla ezingomakhelwane.
Ukunakekelwa kwe-almond Engadini
Ukunisela
Into ebaluleke kakhulu hhayi ukusigcwalisa lesi sitshalo. Ama-alimondi awathandi ukuthambisa okuningi. Kulula kuye ukubekezelela isomiso kunomswakama owedlulele. Ukunisela isihlahla kudingekile kuphela lapho ingaphezulu lomile lisondele ku-1.5-2 cm. Ungathela amalitha ayi-10 amanzi esihlahleni esidala, kanti amalitha ama-3-5 azokwanela isitshalo esincane. Ngokuya ngesimo sezulu, kuzodingeka uyinkcenkceshele cishe kanye ngesonto. Ukunisela kufanele kuqaphele ukuze kungagcwalisi intamo yezimpande.
Umanyolo kanye nomanyolo
Ama-Steppe almonds asabela kahle ekunikezeni ukudla njalo, ngakho konke ukubukeka kwawo, akhombisa ukuthi unezakhamzimba ezanele. Entwasahlobo, ungenza kufika ku-10 kg we-mullein no-30 g we-mineral fertilizer. Konke lokhu kumele kuhlanjululwe ngamanzi, bese kuniselwa i-shrub. Ekwindla, i-superphosphate ephindwe kabili kufanele ifakwe (20 g ngesitshalo ngasinye).
Ukulawula ukhula
Ukhula ama-alimondi uyaqaphela: ukhulula umhlaba ungabi ngaphezu kuka-5 cm ukuze ungalimazi izimpande. Ngemuva kokutshala isithombo, kungcono ukucijela umhlaba uzungeze isitshalo nge-peat. Lapho-ke ukhula ngeke lukhule ngokushesha okukhulu. Isihlahla esidala asidingi ukhula njalo, ngoba amagatsha awo amanzisa uhlaza ngaphansi.
Izihlahla
Ukuthena kufanele kwenziwe ekwindla noma entwasahlobo: susa amagatsha owomile nabagulayo. Entwasahlobo, lapho ama-alimondi aqhakaza, ungagawula amagatsha ukuze wakhe ama-bouquets amnandi. Lokhu kuzosusa amagatsha angeziwe.
Ukuthena okwenziwe kwenziwa ngemuva kokuwa kwezimbali. Ama-alimondi akakubekezelela lokhu kuphazanyiswa kahle futhi aqhakaze kakhulu ngonyaka olandelayo.
I-almond steppe yisibindi eside. Sekuyiminyaka kukhula. Amagatsha amadala ayaphela, bese izimpande ezincane zivela. Baqala ukuvela esitshalweni kusuka onyakeni wesithathu wokuphila. Isiqu esinjalo sihlala cishe iminyaka eyisikhombisa, bese siyasuswa. Esikhundleni salokho, shiya amahlumela amancane. Ngakho-ke isihlahla sivuselelwa njalo futhi sibukeka sihle.
Izimbali
Ama-alimondi aphansi ajabulisa izimbali ngezimbali eziningi futhi ezinhle kakhulu. Izimbali ziqala ukuvela esihlahleni ngaphambi kokuba amaqabunga avule. Ngakho-ke, ama-alimondi ambozwe ngokuphelele ngezimbali zodwa, njengefu nomoya omnene. Ngokuya ngezinhlobonhlobo zezitshalo, izimbali zingaba mhlophe, zipinki, burgundy noma nsomi. Yize ama-alimondi aqhakaza kungapheli amasonto amathathu, kufanelekile ukuthi ukhule isihlahla esihle esizeni.
Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, ama-alimondi adinga ukuthambisa okwanele. Uma isitshalo somisa, sizophela ukuqhakaza ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
Ukulungiselela ubusika
Ukusiza isitshalo ebusika, kubalulekile ukuphina iziqongo zamahlumela ehlobo. Le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi yi-tweezing. Amagatsha ayayeka ukukhula bese kuthi iziqubu zawo ziqale. Kulesi simo, kulula kubo ukubekezelela amaqhwaqithi amabi ngaphandle kokubanda. Kungcono ukumboza izihlahla ezisencane ngotshani, ngamahlamvu noma ngamagatsha ngesihlahla sonwele saseYurophu emi. Kodwa noma ngabe amahlumela amaningana ebanda, ama-alimondi asheshe alulame entwasahlobo.
Izifo Nezinambuzane
Ama-alimondi aphansi angathintwa yilezi zinambuzane: ama-aphid, izimbuzane zesigcawu, noma abadla imbewu ye-alimondi.
Ukuvimbela ama-aphid kusuka ezihlahleni, ungatshala ama-marigolds eduzane. Uma lobu buqili bungasizi, kuzofanela uphathe isitshalo ngamakhemikhali.
Ngokuqondene nezinye izinambuzane, ukufafaza okufafaza nge-Bordeaux fluid kufanele kwenziwe.
Ukusakazeka kwe-almond
Ukusakazwa kwembewu
Imbewu ye-almond isezithelo zayo. Ungatshala ama-alimondi entwasahlobo nasekwindla. Kodwa, ngaphambi kokutshala kwentwasahlobo, kubalulekile ukufeza imbewu.
Imbewu ifakwa emgodini ngokujula okuyi-10 cm. Ibanga phakathi kwezintambo kufanele okungenani libe ngu-50 cm, futhi phakathi kwezimbewu - cm eziyi-10. Ukunakekela izithombo kulula: ukunisela, ukhula nokukhulula umhlabathi. Lapho izitshalo ezincane zifinyelela isigamu semitha, wonke amagatsha kufanele asikwe kukhala indandatho eyodwa. Ngemuva kwale nqubo, ungadlulisa izitshalo ziye endaweni ehlala njalo.
Ama-alimondi akhulwe embewini adinga ukuxhunyelelwa isitshalo se-varietal.
Ukusakazwa ngokusika
Ukusakazeka ngokusikwa yinqubo ende. Maphakathi noJuni, ukusika kufanele kusikwe ku-20 cm. Kufanele kukleliswe ngokulingana futhi kungabi ngaphansi kwezindawo ezimbili. Lapho-ke ukusikeka kufakwa ngosuku endaweni yokukhuthaza ukukhula. Umhlabathi wokusikwa kwe-rooting uqukethe isihlabathi kanye ne-peat (1: 2). Izimpande zizovela ndawo ndawo ngamasonto amabili kuya kwamathathu. Uma konke kwenziwa kahle, khona-ke cishe yonke ukusika kuzothatha izimpande. Ngemuva kwalokho zidluliselwa engadini. Lapho izitshalo zikhipha amagatsha, ungazitshala endaweni ehlala njalo.
Ukusakazwa by amahlumela
Uma izihlahla zigawulwa njalo, ukukhula okuncane kuzoqala ukukhula. Kungabiwa ngonyaka wesibili, lapho izimpande zivele. Ukunakekelwa okuthe xaxa kwesitshalo kuyafana nakwizithombo ezincane zonyaka.
Ukusakazeka ngokuhlelwa
Ama-alimondi aphansi anamagatsha aguqukayo angagoba phansi futhi atholwe ngezinsimbi zensimbi. Ukusuka ngaphezulu kuyadingeka ukufafaza ihlumela nomhlaba. Izendlalelo ziyaniselwa, khulula inhlabathi ezungeze futhi zisuse ukhula. Ngemuva konyaka, izitshalo ezincane ezinesistimu yezimpande zingatshalwa endaweni engapheli yokukhula.
Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo zama-alimondi
Ama-alimondi ajwayelekile - isikhule ngenxa yenani layo lokudla nokunempilo. Amantongomane alolu hlobo lwesitshalo anamnandi futhi anempilo. Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zama-alimondi atshalwa kumanani wezimboni nasezivandeni ezizimele.
Ama-alimondi aphansi - yizinhlobo ezidumile kunazo zonke phakathi kwabalimi. Ifinyelela ekuphakameni okungadluli kumamitha ayi-1.5. Izinhlobo ezilandelayo zalolu hlobo zaziwa kahle:
- Isikebhe esimhlophe - ama-alimondi anezimbali ezimhlophe;
- U-Annie - izimbali zombala okhanyayo opinki;
- Iphupho - izimbali ezipinki;
- Ama-flamesos apinki - ama-pink terry peduncle.
Ama-alimondi aseGeorgia - ku-vivo kukhula emaphethelweni, emithambekeni naseziqongweni. Ifinyelela kumitha eli-1 ukuphakama. Ngokubukeka, ama-alimondi aseGeorgia afana nesifuba sikabhontshisi, kodwa anamaqabunga amakhulu nezimbali ezipinki. Njengamanje, abafuyi bezitshalo basebenza ekutshaleni izinhlobo zokuhlobisa zama-alimondi aseGeorgia.
I-Almond Ledebour - ikhula e-Altai. Kugcwele kakhulu kangangokuba kwakha amathikhi. Izinhlobo ezidumile zalolu hlobo iFuer Hill. Inezimbali ezinombala obomvu-namahlamvu amakhulu aluhlaza.
Ama-almonds Petunnikova - ukhula eCentral Asia. Inamahlumela amahle wombala ophuzi okhanyayo. Azikho izimbali eziningi kulo futhi zitholakala zingodwa. Izimbali ziphuzi.
Ama-alimondi amabala amathathu - ephakeme kakhulu kune-bobovnik. Ifinyelela kumamitha ayi-3 ukuphakama. Ama-alimondi athole igama lawo ngenxa yokwakheka kwamaqabunga: athwale kathathu nge-villi engaphansi kweqabunga. Lo mbono unezindlela ezimbili zokuhlobisa:
- Ukubanjwa - izimbali ezi-pink eziqala ukuqhakaza kuphela ngemuva kokuvela kwamaqabunga;
- I-Kievskaya - izimbali ezi-pink terry.
I-shrub ibukeka ihlobisa kakhulu, njengoba amaqabunga evela ngemuva kwezimbali.
Ngaphezu kwalezi zinhlobo ezimbili, kunezinhlobo eziningi kanye nzalo yama-alimondi anezihlakala ezintathu. Ziyahluka ngemibala, izinkathi zezimbali nokubukeka. Izinhlobo ezilandelayo ziyathandwa:
- USvitlana - unemibala ekhanyayo;
- URuslana - izimbali ezinokhilimu;
- Owesifazane waseShayina - izimbali ezipinki ezikhanyayo;
- I-Tanyusha - izimbali ze-terry;
- Izinyoka zeKimura ziyizimbali ezinohlaza ezinombala opinki ophuzi nezinye izinhlobo ezingezinhle kangako.
