Umuthi wegatsha, obizwa nangokuthi i-asclepias (Asclepias) uwuhlobo lomndeni wakwaKutrovy, umelwa izihlahla, izihlahlana kanye nemithi yokubulala ukhula ye-herbaceous. Uhlobo luhlanganisa izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwama-200 ezitholakala ngokwemvelo eMelika. Phakathi kwezinhlobo kukhona zombili eziqabayo futhi ezihlala ziluhlaza, ezinye zazo zithandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabalimi abazikhulisa njengezitshalo zokuhlobisa. Igama lesiLatini lalesi sitshalo se-Aesculapius (Asclepius) lanikezwa lolu hlobo lobuzwe ngenxa yokuthi ezinye zezinhlobo zinezakhiwo zokupholisa. UBernardino de Sahagun waseMexico, owayengusosayensi owaziwayo, umcwaningi, isithunywa sevangeli kanye nesazi-mlando, wethula encwadini yakhe i-General History of the Affairs yase-Spain, ubufakazi obuvela kuma-Aztec bokuthi lo ugcobe usetshenziswe ngempumelelo ukwelapha isimila ngenxa yokufuduka kwamathambo. Lesi sitshalo savela endaweni yaseYurophu kuphela ngekhulu le-18, sikhula njengesiko lobuchwepheshe, futhi ngokushesha sathandwa: imicu yamahlumela awo yayisetshenziselwa ukupakisha amathoyizi athambile nefenisha, kanye nezintambo. Kamuva yaqala ukusetshenziselwa ukwenziwa kwemishini ehlukahlukene yokusindisa impilo, kanye nefilimu. Ngemuva kokuqalwa kokukhiqizwa kwenjoloba, ijazi elihlanganisiwe lamiswa ukukhula ezikhundleni zezimboni futhi ukusetshenziswa kwalo njengento eluhlaza okwenqatshiwe kwayekwa, nokho, namuhla kulinywe ezakhiweni zasengadini.
Izici zokuzilungisa
Ukuphakama kwe-cooper kungafinyelela ku-100 cm. I-rhizome ebunjiwe eshisiwe ikhula kude ngokwanele ezinhlangothini. On amahlumela aminyene enekhanda noma okuphambene (noma kancane ngokuvamile ngokwehluka) kukhona amapuleti ezinkulu ezinamaqabunga, ukwakheka kwawo kungaba oblong, ovoid noma elliptical. Izimbali ezinkulu ezibomvu noma ezinsundu ziqoqiwe kuma-inflorescence amise okombala omningi. Ubusika buqhakaza ehlobo noma ekwindla. Izihlahla ezigugile zivuthisa izithelo lapho kunenqwaba yembewu ye-pubescent, kungenxa yazo ukuthi isitshalo esinjalo sibizwa ngokuthi umhlambi. Le fluff eMelika isetshenziselwa ukugcwalisa imicamelo. Ezindongeni eziphakathi nendawo nasezifundeni ezinesimo sezulu esibi ngokwedlulele, imbewu cishe ayaze ibe nesikhathi sokuvuthwa. Futhi ezifundeni ezinesimo sezulu esipholile nobusika obufudumele, ziyakwazi ukuvuthwa futhi zingashwabana emhlabathini, zinikeze ukuzilima okuningi.
Bonke abamele lolu hlobo banejusi le-Milky enobuthi. Uma ifika esikhunjeni, izobangela ubomvu nokucasuka, ikakhulukazi ngaphansi kwethonya lokukhanya kwelanga okuqondile. Ijusi elinjalo emithini yesintu isetshenziselwa ukususa i-warts. Lesi siko yisitshalo soju, sidonsela izinyosi nezimvemvane engadini, ikakhulukazi uvemvane lwamagcwaca njengezivemvane zenkosi.
Ukufakwa kwejazi eligxiliwe emhlabathini ovulekile
Isikhathi sokutshala
Emaphakathi ne-latvano, izithombo zikhula ngokusebenzisa izithombo, futhi nangendlela okungekho kuyo imbewu. Imbewu yalesi siko ihlala isebenza iminyaka emithathu, kepha ayinasikhathi sokuvuthwa minyaka yonke, kepha kuphela uma ihlobo lishisa kakhulu. Kepha imbewu ingahlala ithengwa esitolo esikhethekile.
Ukuhlwanyela imbewu yezithombo kwenziwa ezinsukwini zokugcina zikaMashi noma owokuqala - ngo-Ephreli. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa amabhokisi anezimbobo zokudonsa, kufanele agcwaliswe ngenhlabathi evundayo. Imbewu ingcwatshwa endaweni engezansi ngo-1-1,5 cm, bese iniselwa ngefafaza. Izitsha kumele zimbozwe ngengilazi noma ngefilimu, bese zihlanza endaweni efudumele. Izitshalo zidayiswa nsuku zonke, futhi ngasikhathi sinye okuncishisiwe okunqwabelene endaweni yokukhosela kuyasuswa. Ukuchelela kwenziwa kusetshenziswa i-sprayer 1 isikhathi ezinsukwini ezimbili noma ezintathu. Amahlumela obungani kufanele avele ngemuva kwamasonto ayi-1.5-2, emva kwalokho adluliselwe endaweni epholile (akukho ngaphezu kwama-degrees ayi-18). Ishelter kusuka esitsheni isusiwe ngemuva kokuba isitshalo sesinamandla. Imvamisa izithombo zikhula kahle kakhulu futhi azibangeli izinkinga zomlimi.
Izithombo ze-Pickling zenziwa lapho ziqala ukwakha ngazimbili zamapuleti eqabunga langempela. Ngokukhetha, kusetshenziswa izinkomishi ngazinye lapho kuthululelwa khona amanzi, kuyilapho ubukhulu bengqimba kufanele bube ngu-20-30 mm. Futhi zigcwele ngengxube efanayo yenhlabathi esetshenziselwa ukuhlwanyela imbewu. Izitshalo ezidluliselwe izinsuku ezimbili zokuqala kufanele zivikelwe elangeni eliqondile. Ngemuva kokuba izithombo zikhule kahle, kudingeka uzithinte.
Ngaphambi kokutshala ijazi elihlanganisiwe emhlabathini ovulekile, kufanele liqiniswe izinsuku eziyi-15. Izithombo zitshalwa ezinsukwini zokuqala zikaJuni, zinamathela emaphethini angama-50x50 cm. Amabhasi akhule kusuka ezinhlanzini azoqhakaza okokuqala iminyaka emithathu noma engu-4 yokukhula.
Ukuhlwanyela imbewu kungenziwa ngqo enhlabathini evulekile. Benza lokhu ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ngemuva nje kokuthi ikhava leqhwa lihambile. Indawo kufanele ibe nelanga ngomhlabathi otshaliwe. Okuhle kunakho konke, izigwaca zikhula ku-loam ene-acid yezakhi ezibuthakathaka.
Imithetho yokufakelwa
Okokuqala udinga ukumba inhlabathi ekujuleni kogobolondo lwefosholo, futhi udinga ukukhetha zonke izimpande zotshani bokhula. Lapho-ke ingaphezulu lesakhiwo siyaklwebeka bese kwenziwa imifantu kuyo. Imbewu ingcwatshwa enhlabathini ngo-30 mm, bese imisele ivaliwe, bese izilimo ziniselwa kahle. Uma imbewu ihlwanyelwe enhlabathini eyomile, kunconywa ukumboza izitshalo ngefilimu, ngenxa yalokhu, izithombo zizovela ngokushesha okukhulu.
Ezinye izinhlobo zesitshalo esinjalo zidinga umkhawulo, osungulwa ngesikhathi sokutshala, ngoba amahlumela amancane akwazi ukuhluma cishe ngo-100 cm kusuka esihlahleni somzali. Ukuze uvikele ukukhula okuqhakaza kwembali enjalo, ungasebenzisa izilinganiso noma izitshalo zokutshala ezitsheni ezembiwe emhlabathini, ezinezimbobo zokudonsa amanzi. Uma kukuhle ukunakekela ithanga likotini, lapho endaweni efanayo lingatshalwa iminyaka engaba ngu-15.
Nakekela umkhwenyana engadini
Kulula kakhulu ukukhulisa umkhwenyana esimeni sakho sengadi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukuwunisela ngendlela ehlelekile, ukhula, ukondla, ukhulula umhlabathi, ubandakanyeke ekwakhekeni nasekuvuseleleni isihlahla, futhi uma kunesidingo, phatha izitshalo ezivela ezinambuzaneni noma ezifweni eziyingozi. Ukuze izihlahla ziqhakaze isikhathi eside, kuyadingeka ukuthi kunqunywe ngesikhathi ama-inflorescence aseqale ukubuna. Futhi lapho ziqhakaza, udinga ukusika zonke izithungo zezimbali, kodwa kuphela uma ungayi ukuqoqa imbewu.
Ungaphuzisa kanjani
Isikhathi sokuqala ngemuva kokutshala izithombo noma ukuhlwanyela imbewu, isiza kufanele siniselwe kaningi. Amabhasi aqinile akha uhlelo lwezimpande oluqinile nolunamagatsha angakhipha ngokuzimele umswakama enhlabathini, kepha ngesomiso isikhathi eside asadinga ukuthambisa, enza lokhu kusihlwa. Kungcono ukunisela amafutha ngamafutha emvula. Uma usebenzisa amanzi kampompi okunisela, khona-ke kufanele ame kahle futhi afudumele elangeni.
Umanyolo
Imvamisa ukondla lesi siko akunconywa. Uma inhlabathi ingeyinhle, khona-ke entwasahlobo, i-urea, i-potassium sulfate, futhi futhi nomquba womquba noma obolile kufanele wengezwe kukho. Ukugqoka okuphezulu kwenziwa ngokushesha ngemuva kokuvela kwamahlumela okuqala. Futhi ungasebenzisa i-mineral complex ukondla izigwaca, eyethulwa emhlabathini ngaphambi kokuqhakaza kwezimbali, kuthi lapho kuphela, kwethulwe iNitrofoska. Lapho ukhula imbali enjalo enhlabathini evundile, akudingekile ukuyondla.
Ukufakelwa
Ngaphandle kokufakelwa, isitoko sizokhula endaweni efanayo iminyaka engaphezu kwe-10. Uma isitshalo sidinga ukufakelwa, khona-ke kunconywa ukwenza lokhu entwasahlobo ngokuhlukaniswa kwesihlahla noma ukusuka phakathi kuya ekugcineni kwenkathi yehlobo. Isitobha sidlulisa ukufakelwa ngokuphelele. Ukulungiselela indawo yokutshala kufanele kwenziwe kusengaphambili, futhi ngaphambi kokususa isihlahla enhlabathini kufanele kuniselwe kakhulu, ngoba umhlaba kufanele uhlale usezimpandeni. Ukufakelwa kuyenziwa, kanye nokubamba kokuqala kwekhwapha (bheka ngenhla).
Ukuzala
Lesi sitshalo singasakazwa ngokuhlukanisa i-rhizome. Kunconywa ukuba wenze lokhu lapho udlulisa izihlahla entwasahlobo noma lapho izimbali ziqeda. Isitshalo esimbiwe sihlukaniswe izingxenye, kuyilapho ucezu ngalunye kufanele lube nocezu lwezinhlamvu zezinso nezinso, emva kwalokho zitshalwe kwizimbobo okufanele zenziwe ngaphambi kwesikhathi. I-Delenki endaweni entsha ivela kalula, futhi ukuqhakaza kwezihlahla ezinjalo kungaqala kakade ngonyaka wesibili wokukhula. Ukutshala i-Delenki ngaphambi kokukhula ngohlelo olunamandla lwezimpande, udinga ukunisela ngamanzi ngokuhlelekile.
Isitshalo esinjalo singandiswa futhi ngokusikwa. Amahlumela amancane asetshenziselwa ukusika izingcezu, kufanele afinyelele amasentimitha ayi-15 ubude, wonke amapuleti asezingeni eliphansi kufanele asikwe, futhi lawo angenhla ancishisiwe ngenxenye ½. Isitsha sigcwaliswa ngesihlabathi esimanzi, emva kwalokho ukusikeka kufakwa kuso ngokusikwa okuphansi. Isitsha simbozwe nge-cap ebonakalayo evela phezulu, ezokwakha izimo zokugcina ukushisa emhlabeni. Ukusika okusikiwe kufanele kwenziwe ngokushesha okukhulu, ngoba akufanele alahlekelwe ujusi wama-Milky. Njengomthetho, ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-30, izihlahla ezisikiwe zisuswe ngokuphelele.
Ngemuva kwezimbali
Ukulungiselela isihlahla sokubusika kuyadingeka ekwindla. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kufanele ambozwe ngokhuni, embozwe amaqabunga, amagxolo esihlahla shredded noma ezinye izinto eziphilayo. Ngaphambi kokumboza ijazi elihlanganisiwe, iziqu ezomile kufanele zifushaniswe ngamasentimitha ayi-10 ukusuka ngaphezu komhlaba. Ukusika izihlahla kungabuye kumboze izihlahla.
Izifo nezinambuzane
Umgodi umelana kakhulu nezifo nezinambuzane eziyingozi. Kwesinye isikhathi, i-whitefly ihlala emithini, okuyinambuzane encane ebukeka njengenundu. Idla ujusi wezitshalo ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi izigwaca. Ukuziqothula, udinga ukusebenzisa isixazululo seFufanon, i-Actellik noma iRovikurt, kuyilapho kufanele ulandele imiyalo esephaketheni lomuthi. Kubhekwe ehlathini kumahlamvu.
Ngesikhathi sesomiso eside, izimbuzane zihlala endlebeni, la ma-arachnid nawo adla ujusi wezitshalo. Esihlahleni, kunzima kakhulu ukubona inkathazo enjalo, ngoba inosayizi omncane kakhulu. Kepha kungenzeka ukuthi uqonde ukuthi imikhaza enjalo ihlala endlebeni, uma ine-cobweb emincane, amahlamvu aqala ukufiphala kumasethi anjalo, bese kuthi iziqu zikhubazeke. Ukuqothula, izitshalo kufanele zifafazwe ngesisombululo sokulungiselela i-acaricidal, isibonelo: i-Actara, i-Actellika, i-Fitoverm nezinye izindlela ezifanayo.
Kwezinye izimo, uboya bungahlupheka ngenxa yomswakama ophansi ngokweqile. Ukuze ukhuphule izinga lomswakama ngesikhathi sesomiso eside kusihlwa, udinga ukufafaza izihlahla ngamanzi afudumele.
Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo zejazi elihlanganisiwe ngezithombe namagama
Njengomuntu ongapheli ukuhlakulela izinhlobo ezi-3 zezigwaca, futhi njengohlobo olu-1 lonyaka.
Isithambisi somzimba (i-Asclepias incarnata), noma i-pad ebomvu, noma iphakethe elibomvu lenyama
Indawo owazalelwa kuyo okunjalo okuhlala kuyo izifunda zasempumalanga nezisenkabeni yeNyakatho Melika. Zinezimpande ezinamaqabunga anamaqabunga, ukuphakama kwawo kungamamitha ayi-1,2. Amapuleti amaqabunga aphikisanayo anobuthi obuncane be-pubescence kanye nobubanzi be-lanceolate noma obude. Izimbali ezinamakha ngombala obomvu noma obomvu-ogqamile ziyingxenye yama-inflorescences abunjwe ngesambulela, afinyelela cishe ku-60 mm ngaphesheya. Izimbali ziqala ngoJulayi noma ngo-Agasti, ubude bazo bungaphezulu kwamasonto amane. Umlondolozi onjalo ulinywe kusukela ngo-1635. Izinhlobonhlobo ezithandwa kakhulu yi-Ice Belli: ukuphakama kwesihlahla kucishe kube ngu-100 cm, umbala wezimbali umhlophe.
I-Tuberose osseous (i-Asclepias tuberosa), noma i-asclepias tuberose, noma i-tuber osseous
Ukuphakama kwesihlahla kungahluka kusuka ku-0,5 kuya ku-0,7 m. Le ovate ye-orange inama-inflorescence amakhulu anemibala ebomvu ephuzi. Izimbali ziqala maphakathi nenkathi yehlobo futhi zihlala cishe kuyo yonke ekwindla. Lolu hlobo lumelana kakhulu nesithwathwa. Kodwa-ke, uma kulindeleke ubusika beqhwa kakhulu, kungcono ukumboza izihlahla. Amafomu alandelayo engadi athandwa kakhulu:
- Gay Butterfly. Kule nhlanganisela ehlukahlukene, ukuphakama kwezihlahla kungamamitha ayi-0.7, umbala wama-inflorescences uphuzi, obomvu noma owolintshi.
- The Sharpener of Maharaj. Izihlahla eziphakeme isigamu semitha zihlotshiswe ngezimbali ezinombala ocebile we-orange.
I-Syrian stoop (Asclepias syriaca), noma i-Aesculapius
Izwe lakulezi zinhlobo yizifundazwe ezisempumalanga yeNyakatho Melika, futhi ayixhumekile neSyria nganoma iyiphi indlela. Yathola igama layo ngephutha, ngoba yayididaniswa ne-kendyr - isitshalo esikhula eSyria. Ochwepheshe babona ukuthi babenephutha, kepha banquma ukushiya izinhlobo ze-epithet "iSyrian" kulembali. Ukuphakama kokuqina okunjalo kungaba ngu-150 cm.Iziqu zimi, futhi zinamapuleti amaqabunga ansundu, angobubanzi bawo bangamasentimitha ayi-7 nobude bamasentimitha ayi-15, umbala wawo uluhlaza okotshani futhi afana kakhulu namaqabunga ama-Rhododendrons angamagagasi. Maphakathi nenkathi yehlobo, kwezinye izikhathi, amaqabunga awela engxenyeni engezansi yesihlahla. Izimbali ezi-pink pink ububanzi ziyofika ku-10 mm, ziyingxenye yamakhompiyutha abunjwe ngesambulela. Izimbali ziqala ngoJulayi, futhi isikhathi sazo ziyizinsuku ezingama-35. Inhlobo le sele ilinyiwe kusukela ngo-1629. Ebusika, akudingekile ukumboza izihlahla. Le nhlobo inephunga elingajwayelekile elifana nephunga lekhekhe le-chocolate, futhi linamandla kakhulu kunephunga lomswakama obomvu wenyama.
I-curasavo stoop (Asclepias curassavica), noma i-gusset
Le nhlobo itshalwa njengonyaka. Uma inakekelwa kahle, khona-ke ukuphakama kwesihlahla kungafinyelela ku-100 cm. Umbala wezimbali ungowolintshi noma obomvu, zikhange kakhulu kumvemvane amaningi. Kubantu abaningi, impova evela kulezi zimbali ingadala ukucasuka kwesikhumba.
