Ubuchwepheshe bezolimo bama-peonies. Ingxenye 3: Ukunakekelwa

• Ubuchwepheshe bezolimo bama-peonies Ingxenye 1: Ukukhetha nokulungiselela indawo ongatshala kuyo
• Ubuchwepheshe bezolimo bama-peonies. Ingxenye 2: Ukufakelwa
• Ubuchwepheshe bezolimo bama-peonies. Ingxenye 3: Ukunakekelwa

Ngokulungiswa kwenhlabathi efanelekile ekutshaleni imigodi noma imisele, imisele emincane ikhula eminyakeni emibili yokuqala ngaphandle kokugqoka izimpande ngomanyolo wezimbiwa. Zidinga ukhula oluhlala njalo nje kuphela, ukukhulula kanye nokunisela. Khulula ngokucophelela inhlabathi ezungeze izihlahla: eduze nesihlahla kuya ekujuleni kuka-5 - 7 cm, ebangeni le-20 - 25 cm ukusuka kulo - ngu-10-15 cm. Ngokuvula okuningana njalo, ungqimba lwe-mulch olugcwele kahle lufinyelele cishe kuyo yonke inhlabathi, luvikele umswakama ukuba ungaphumi kusuka ezingxenyeni eziphansi zenhlabathi. . Iqeda isidingo sokunisela kaningi esimweni sezulu esomile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhulula okuvama kusiza ukulawula ukhula. Kuyalulekwa ukukhulula inhlabathi ngemuva kwezimvula nokunisela okunzima ukuvimba ukwakheka kokuqhekeka.

Ngonyaka wokuqala emva kokutshala, ingxenye esemoyeni yesitshalo incane futhi inesilinganiso esisodwa noma ezimbili ukuphakama okuyi-15 kuya ku-25 cm. Ngalesi sikhathi, uhlelo lwezimpande luyakhula ngokuqinile, kepha nokho buthaka buthaka izakhi zomzimba (i-nitrogen - N, phosphorus - P, potassium - K) lapho ukugqoka izimpande ngomanyolo wamaminerali. Kulesi sigaba sokubunjelwa kwezitshalo, ukugqoka okuphezulu okungenazimpande kusebenza kakhulu, lapho izakhi zomzimba zidonswa ngamaqabunga. Isipiliyoni sibonisa ukuthi kunengqondo ukwenza ukugcotshwa okuphezulu okuphezulu kokuqanjwa okulandelayo ngesikhawu sezinsuku eziyi-10-15:

• ukugqoka kokuqala okuphezulu ngu-40-50 g we-urea (urea) nge-10 l lamanzi ngokushesha ngemuva kokuqala kokukhula kwezingxenye zezinto zezindiza;
• okondlayo kwesibili -40 - 50 g kwe-urea ngokufakwa kwethebhulethi lezinto zokulandela umkhondo kumalitha ayi-10 amanzi;
• i-top top dressing-- amaphilisi angu-2 wezinto zokulandela umkhondo kumalitha ayi-10 amanzi.

Ukugqoka phezulu kwe-Foliar kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa i-sprayer engadini. Kungcono ukufafaza kusihlwa. Ukuze umanzise kangcono ingaphezulu lamaqabunga ku-10 l wesisombululo, engeza isipuni esisodwa soswidi lokuwasha. Ngesikhathi sokuphakelwa kwesibili nokwesithathu, kubalulekile ukunisela ukutshala okuncane ngesisombululo se-sodium humate ukuthuthukisa ukuthuthukiswa kohlelo lwezimpande. (5 g nge-10 l lamanzi) noma i-heteroauxin (amaphilisi ama-2 nge-10 l lamanzi). Uma ama-buds akha emabhusha eminyakeni emibili yokuqala ngemuva kokutshala, ayasuswa ukuze izitshalo zingachithi inani elikhulu lezakhi ezimbali, kodwa qhubeka nokuthuthukisa uhlelo lwezimpande.

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Ngonyaka wesithathu ngemuva kokutshala, izihlahla zikhula, zibe neziqu eziyi-10-15, ziqale ukuqhakaza kakhulu. Ngalesi sikhathi, ukugqoka izimpande ejwayelekile ngomanyolo wamaminerali kuyadingeka. Esikhathini sentwasahlobo-ihlobo, kwenziwa okungenani ezintathu. Kuzo zonke izimo, ukweqisa izihlahla ngezakhi zomzimba akunasidingo, ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukugcina imithamo yokugqoka okuphezulu nesikhathi sokuqalisa kwawo.

Umkhakha wezasekhaya ukhiqiza izinto ezingaphezu kwama-30 ze-nitrogen, phosphorus, potash kanye nomanyolo onzima. Imvamisa kuyanconywa ukwenza inani elifanele lomanyolo ngokusekelwe kumagremu ento esebenzayo esihlahleni ngasinye seminyaka emithathu kuya kwesikhombisa. Ezitshalweni ezindala kuneminyaka eyisikhombisa, umthamo wokufaka umanyolo uyanda. Into esebenzayo iqondwa njengephesenti lezinto eziyisisekelo (i-nitrogen, phosphorus ne-potassium) kulomanyolo. Kumaphakeji omanyolo athengiswa ezitolo, lolu lwazi luhlala lunikezwa. Amaphesenti ezithako ezisebenzayo zomanyolo ezivame kakhulu anikezwa ku-Isithasiselo 1.

Ukubalwa kwenani elidingekayo lomanyolo, uma izincomo zinikezwa ngamagremu ento esebenzayo, kungenziwa ngokuya ngefomula elandelayo:

N = 100D / E,

• lapho iH inani elifunwayo lomanyolo, kumagremu;
• D - inani elinconyiwe le-element ngesikhathi sokudla, ngamagremu ento esebenzayo;
• E - okuqukethwe kwalesi sici kumanyolo (kukhonjisiwe kwiphakheji), ngamaphesenti.

Isibonelo, esihlahleni esisodwa udinga ukufaka i-15 g ye-potassium ngento esebenzayo. Ipulazi line-potassium sulfate enokuqukethwe kwe-potassium okungu-45%. Yenza ukubala:

H = 100 X 15/45 = 33g.

Ngakho-ke, ama-33 g we-potassium sulfate kumele afakwe ehlathini elilodwa.

Ukuze uthole ukukhula okuhle kwezihlahla zepuloni nokuthola izimbali ezisezingeni eliphakeme, ukugqoka okuphezulu kwentwasahlobo i-nitrogen-potassium kubaluleke kakhulu: nitrogen 10-15 g, potassium 10 - 20 g wento esebenzayo esihlahleni ngasinye. Gcoba eqhweni elicibilikile noma ngokushesha nje lapho selihambile, ufafaza esihlahleni noma ulivimbe lisebenze. Umanyolo oncibilikile oncibilikisiwe ufinyelela ezimpandeni. Ukusabalalisa umanyolo, zama ukungangeni kwi-rhizome yehlathi.

Ukugqoka kwesibili okuphezulu kwenziwa ngesikhathi sokuqunjelwa: i-nitrogen 8-10 g, phosphorus 15 - 20 g ne-potassium 10-15 g kwento esebenzayo esihlahleni ngasinye. Inhloso eyinhloko yokugqoka kwesibili ephezulu ukuthola izimbali zekhwalithi enhle.

Ukugqoka okuphezulu kwesithathu kwenziwa emavikini amabili ngemuva kokuqhakaza izimbali. Kufaka: phosphorus -15 -20 g, potassium - 10-15 g wento esebenzayo. Ukuthambisa kukhuthaza ukwakheka kwamahlamvu amakhulu wokuvuselela, ukunqwabelana kwezakhi ezimpandeni, ngaleyo ndlela kuhlinzeka ngokuqhakaza okuningana ngonyaka olandelayo. Kuyalulekwa ukwenza umanyolo ngendlela yesisombululo - isiyonke ingabi ngaphezu kwe-60-70g yomanyolo nge-10l yamanzi. Imvamisa, ukufaka umanyolo kuhlangene nokunisela. Umanyolo owomile ungafakwa egreyidi ngaphambi kokunisela. Isebenza ngempumelelo kulezi magama nangaphezulu ukufaka umanyolo micronutrient - ithebhulethi elilodwa noma amabili ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi.

Ama-Peony bush anenqwaba yamaqabunga, ngakho-ke aphuma umswakama omningi. Kanye njalo ezinsukwini eziyisishiyagalombili kuya kweziyishumi badinga ukuthambisa okwenele - amabhakede amathathu noma amane amanzi esihlahleni ngasinye. Ukunisela kubaluleke kakhulu ekuqaleni kwehlobo, ngesikhathi sokukhula okusebenzayo nokuhluma, engxenyeni yesibili yehlobo (Julayi - ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti), kuyadingeka ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa kokuvuselelwa kwezinso. Ngemuva kokunisela, kungcono ukukhulula inhlabathi ezungeze izihlahla ukuze kugcinwe umswakama kuyo.

Uma okutshalekile kungagqinsiwe, kungcono ukunisela ngemifantu ngokujula kwe-10-15 cm, okuhlelwe kude ne-20 - 25 cm ukusuka esihlahleni. Ezitshalweni ezindala, ezandisiwe, leli banga liyandiswa ukuze amanzi angene ezimpandeni zezinsizwa ezisebenzayo. Ukunisela emiseleni kungenziwa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sosuku, kepha kungcono kusihlwa nasebusuku, lapho ukuhwamuka kuncane futhi iningi lamanzi lingena emhlabathini. Ungakwazi, njengoba uselungiselele uhlelo lwama-grooves phakathi kwezihlahla, ushiye i-hose phakathi kwezitshalo ebusuku bese uvula amanzi ukuze umfudlana wamanzi ube buthaka futhi ungashisi izimpande.

Ukunisela okungaphezulu kusuka ezinkanjeni zokunisela kwenziwa kaningi, futhi esimweni sezulu esishisayo - nsuku zonke. Kungcono ukungasebenzisi ukuthambisa kusuka kuma-fafaza, ngoba izifo zamakhowe zingakhula ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwaso. Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, le ndlela yokunisela ayamukeleki neze, ngoba izimbali zimanzi, zithokomele emhlabathini, amabala avela kuzo, ikakhulukazi ebonakalayo ezinhlotsheni ezikhanyayo.

Ukuthola izimbali ezinkulu lapho ukhula ukusika noma ukubekisela amasampula, kuyadingeka ukuthi ungabekelwa eceleni ama-buds aseceleni lapho efika usayizi wethanga. Uma ushiya ama-elementi aseceleni, khona-ke isikhathi sezimbali sandiswa kakhulu futhi ukuhlobisa kwezihlahla kuyanda.

Lapho usuthisa ama-peony bush lapho uneminyaka engu-8-15 ubudala, inani lamanyolo wamaminerali lenyuswa cishe isikhathi esisodwa nesigamu uma liqhathaniswa nezihlahla ezincane. Ukudla okuphathelene nokugcotshwa kwesiladi, okulungiselelwe kanjena, kunikeza imiphumela emihle ngalesi sikhathi: i-mullein entsha ifakwa emgqonyeni ngesilinganiso sebhakede elilodwa ngamabhakede amanzi ayi-10 noma amabhontshisi enyoni - ibhakede elilodwa lamabhakede amanzi. I-400-500 g ye-superphosphate ifakwa engxenyeni futhi ishiywe emgqonyeni izinsuku eziyishumi nambili zokuvutshelwa, emva kwalokho isetshenzisiwe, ihlanjululwe kabili ngaphambi kokusebenzisa (0.5 ibhakede le-slurry ngebhakede lamanzi eli-0,5). I-slurry idliwa kanye - ngesikhathi sokuhluma - ibe ngama-grooves angama-10-15 cm ajule, enziwe esihlahleni kude nge-20 - 25 cm, izinga lokugeleza - ibhakede elilodwa lengxube esihlahleni ngasinye. Ukuphakelwa kotshwala ku-rhizome akwamukeleki.

Uma kungekho manyolo we-organic, kulula ukuzilungiselela kusuka kukhula lokhula, iziqongo kanye nemfucumfucu ekhishini. Noma yisiphi isiqukathi sigcwaliswa ngesigamu ngalesi siga, sigcwele amanzi futhi simbozwe ngesivalo (ukuze kuvikelwe ukusabalala kwephunga elingathandeki). Okondla, uketshezi oluphumayo lishiywe limi izinsuku ezinhlanu kuya kweziyisikhombisa, luhlanjululwe ngamanzi ngesilinganiso samalitha ama-2 kaketshezi ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi, isilinganiso esifanayo sokugeleza.

Ezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zokuzala nzalo ne-peony officinalis, umnqamulajuqu wokulinyelwa ngempumelelo endaweni eyodwa awudluli iminyaka eyi-10-12. Izinhlobonhlobo zezimbali ezi-milky-eziqhakazayo, ngokusho kwethu esikubonile, ngisho nokutshala okunekhono ngemuva kweminyaka eyi-15, ziqala ukukhula, izimbali zazo ziya ziba zimbi kakhulu, izimbali zikhula zibe mncane, ama-buds amaningi angavuli nakancane, amahlumela aba mncane. Lokhu kungenxa yokungondleki okwanele kohlelo lwezimpande, okuthi ngalesi sikhathi luye ekujuleni kwe-1 m. Ngakho-ke, ukugqoka okuphezulu komhlaba okujwayelekile akunikezi umphumela.

Ukubuyiselwa kokuqhakaza kombala ogcwele imibala ye-peonies yalesi sikhathi kungalandela. Ngemuva kokudla kokuqala eqhweni elincibilikile, lapho izakhamzimba zingena ekujuleni okulingene kanye namanzi ancibilikile, imithombo emine engama-30 kuya kwengama-40 cm yenziwa eduze kwesihlahla ibanga elingama-20 - 25 cm nge-digimitha engadini engu-120 mm. . Esimweni sesibili, kudingeka ukuthambisa okuningana kodwa okuhamba kancane emithonjeni ukuze umanyolo ancibilike futhi afinyelele ezimpandeni ezigcwele ukujula. Ukuze imithombo ivinjwe yinhlabathi, ungafaka izingxenye ezincane zamapayipi asalestos-usimende anezimbobo kuwo noma izigaxa zamagatsha amile avela ezihlahleni.

Ukugqoka kwesibili okuphezulu kwenziwa ngesikhathi sokuqunjelwa, kususelwa ku-25-30 g we-nitrogen, phosphorus ne-potassium ngento esebenzayo. Ukwakheka kokugqokwa kwesithathu okuphezulu kufana nokwesibili, kukuqhuba ekuqaleni kwezimbali, ngoba kungalesi sikhathi lapho izitshalo zidinga umsoco obalulekile. Ngemuva kokuqhakaza kwama-pion, i-15-20 g ye-phosphorus ne-10-12 g ye-potassium ifakwa emthonjeni ngamunye wento esebenzayo, bese iyaphuzwa. Uhlelo lokufaka umanyolo olunjalo lwaluvumela ababhali ukuthi bathola izimbali ezifika ku-50 ezigcwele ngokuphelele esihlahleni eneminyaka engama-20 kuye kwangama-25.

Ukudala ukuqala kokuqhakaza kwezimbali ezinsukwini eziyi-12 kuya kwezingu-15 ngaphambi kokujwayelekile, isazi sezimbali saseMoscow uL. N. Sokolov uphakamisa ukusebenzisa isembozo sefilimu. Ukuze wenze lokhu, uzungu olungama-4 X4 m ngosayizi, oqukethe izihlahla ezingaba ngu-25 zephunga lokwelapha, umbozwe ngefilimu ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli, ngemuva kokuqeda iqhwa. Lo greenhouse luhlaka lwe-gable olunodonga oluseceleni 90 cm, lufika ku-150 cm eceleni kogongolo. kwenziwa umnyango, kwelinye - iwindi lokungena komoya.

Ifilimu elisophahleni lingahle ligoqeke kuze kufike ogangeni, nasezindongeni eziseceleni - bopha okungaphezulu kuka-30 cm phezulu ukuze kufakwe umoya omncane. Uhlelo lokudla lujwayelekile. Iqoqo lezindlela zokuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo zokukhunta, ezisebenza ikakhulu ezimweni zomswakama ophezulu kanye nokushisa okuphezulu, libaluleke kakhulu. Esikhathini sasemini, izinga lokushisa akufanele lidlule ku-20 - 25 ° C. Ngenkathi isimo sezulu sibanda, qoqa ifilimu ukuze ube nomoya phakathi nosuku. Ekugcineni, iyasuswa lapho kusebusuku, kusungulwa lokushisa lelihle. Ngalesi sikhathi, izihlahla ze-peony sezivele zikhula kahle, futhi ukuqhakaza kuqala.

Ezimweni eziningi, amabhasi aneminyaka emithathu nangaphezulu ngesikhathi sezimbali adinga ukufakwa kwezisekeli. Lokhu kudingekile ikakhulukazi ngezinhlobo eziphakeme ezisakazeke kakhulu, izimbali ezinkulu nezinzima zazo ezingenakugwenywa, noma ngeziqu ezinamandla, ziqale ukwehlela emhlabathini. Lesi sakamuva siyanda ngesikhathi semvula nangomoya onamandla. Ngenxa yalokho, izimbali ziba zingcolile bese zilahlekelwa ukuhlobisa kwazo, zibe ezingafanele imibukiso futhi zithengiswe.

Kungcono ukubeka izisekelo kusengaphambili - izinsuku eziyisikhombisa kuya kweziyishumi ngaphambi kokuqhakaza. Kulula ukwenza imibuthano enobubanzi obungamasentimitha angama-50-80 kusuka ku-waya onobubanzi obungu-4-5 mm, obekwe ezindongeni ezintathu 1 m ubude kusuka ocingweni olufanayo.

Esikhundleni sendandatho yensimbi, ungathatha amashubhu epulasitiki anobubanzi obuyi-8-10 mm bese uwafaka ku-loops phezulu kwezimbobo zesikhonkwane. Ukusekelwa okunjalo, ukupenda umbala wamaqabunga, kucishe kungabonakali futhi akukunciphisi ukuhlotshiswa kwendawo. Ukusekelwa kufanele kube nokuphakama okungama-50-70 cm ukusuka emhlabathini.

Kubalulekile ukukhetha ububanzi bendandatho kuya ngeminyaka nangosayizi wesihlahla ukuze iziqu zitholakale ngokukhululekile ngaphakathi kwaso. Lokhu kuzogwema ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo zokukhunta esihlahleni, kusize kakhulu ukusikwa kwezimbali.

Ekupheleni kokuqhakaza, ukuxhaswa kungasuswa, hhayi ukunqunywa kwezimbali eziqothulwe kususwe ngesiqu esingu-10-15 cm ubude. Lokhu ngeke kwehlise inani lesibalo esiluhlaza esihlahleni, kepha kuzothuthukisa izimo zokuthuthuka kohlelo lwezimpande kanye nokwenziwa kwezihlahla zokuvuselela.