I-Pteris - engathandeki kakhulu kuma-ferns

UPteris ukwazile ukuzuza isihloko sazo zonke ezinkulu nezinkulu ezikhulayo kuzo zonke izinhlobo ezidumile kusiko langaphakathi. Ngempela ungolunye lwezinhlobonhlobo ezingathembeki kakhulu, kepha futhi unezidingo zakhe zomswakama. Ngenxa yazo, inzuzo eyinhloko ye-pteris ebabazekayo ihlala ingukuhlobisa kokuluhlaza. Ama-Vayi amaqabunga anemifantu engajwayelekile yobukhulu nobukhulu obuhlaba umxhwele awumbono nje ongeke utholakale ezindlini ezingaphakathi komhlaba. Umbala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma umbala we-motley, ukuvezwa kwemininingwane, umlingiswa ohlukile kanye nomphumela womkhathi kwangaphakathi kuphendulela i-pteris ibe inkanyezi phakathi kwezinkambiso zokuhlobisa nezinqobayo. Futhi amandla okuzivumelanisa nezimo zokukhanya ezihlukile kukuvumela ukuthi uyisebenzise ngenkuthalo emoyeni wamakamelo.

UCretan Pteris (Pteris cretica). © floradania

UPteris - isiqhwaga esinamakamelo esinomlingiswa onokuthula

Indoor pteris ekuqaleni ubukeka ungahambi ferns nhlobo. Kepha ngaphandle kokujwayelekile, okwejwayelekile kokunye imifino ekanye, kungokwesitshalo sakudala kakhulu emhlabeni wethu. I-Pteris (Pteris) - izitshalo zinobungane ngokumangazayo, hhayi kuphela kubatshali bezimbali, kodwa nakwezinye amasiko. Kukholelwa ukuthi le fern izohambisana ngokuphelele nanoma yisiphi esinye isitshalo esingaphakathi ekhaya, ukuhlobisa nokuhlobisa. Sinayo le fern yangaphakathi evame ukubizwa nge-bracken.

Emvelweni, i-pteris imelelwa yizinhlobo ezingamakhulu amabili nengxenye, yileso naleso esingabonakala ngokufanele. Kepha ngokwesiko lamagumbi, abakwazi ukuziqhayisa ngokuhlukahluka okuthandekayo okufanayo. Njengesitshalo, yizinhlobo ezimbalwa kuphela zepteris ezikhulayo, kuyilapho kuphela inhlobo eyodwa ebanzi - i-Cretan pteris.

ICretan Pteris (Pteris cretica) ikhiqiza i-vayi ifinyelela kuhafu wemitha. Amashidi amangalisayo wohlobo lwe-cirrus-dissected flaunt ngamabili ayisithupha wezigaba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izingxenye zamaqabunga aphansi nazo zihlukaniswe ngama-lobes lanceolate, kanti ezingaphezulu, njengomthetho, ziphelele. I-wyayam ayivelakancane ngenxa yephiko lesiqu seqabunga phakathi kwamabili aphezulu angenhla ama-lobes kanye nomphetho omuhle we-serated. Amabamba amancanyana, aphakanyisiwe ezinhlobonhlobo zokuhlukahluka adwetshwa yisakhiwo sezinsiba. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ama-ferns wale fern aminyene ngokumangalisayo futhi anamandla, abekezelela ngisho nezimo ezibucayi, ngokumangalisayo zintekenteke futhi ziphuka kalula. Imvamisa, amahlumela amaningana alesi sitshalo akhula ngokufana, okunikeza i-Cretan pteris ngokuvuselela njalo nokubukeka okuhle. Le fern ingaziqhayisa ngohlobo olungajwayelekile, olufushane lwekhompiyutha olufushane lohlobo olunwabuzelayo, kuyilapho izikali nezinwele zibonakala kahle ezimpandeni. Amaqabunga e-Cretan pteris abunjwe njengamaphiko ngesimo, okunikeze igama lonke uhlobo.

Enye yezinzuzo zeCretan pteris ithathwa njengendawo yokuhlobisa yezinhlobonhlobo, enikela ngokukhetha izinhlobo ezinepende elihlotshisiwe, elihlohliwe, ophuzi oluhlaza okotshani noma omhlophe, aluhlaza ngokungafani nalutho noma iziqongo ezisontekile njengenye indlela eluhlaza okotshani. Ngasikhathi sinye, izitshalo ze-motley zingathandeki kangako kunalezo ezejwayelekile. Amafomu amahle kakhulu yi-albolineata enemibala ehlukahlukene enemugqa omhlophe eduze komthambo ophakathi nendawo ocijile ngezingxenye ezengeziwe zamaqabunga kuma-vayas abunjiwe ngendlela engenasici.

UCretan Pteris (Pteris cretica)

Ezinye izinhlobo ezidumile zepteris:

I-pteris ende ende (I-Pteris longifolia) iyi-fern yomhlaba eyi-rhizome fern ekhiqiza i-vaji efinyelela kuhafu wemitha nobubanzi obuyi-25 cm, lapho iphindwe yaphina, ngamabhangqwana angama-30 ezigaba kanye nombala oluhlaza otshani obuluhlaza. I-petiole yale fern ihlala imfishane kunebala leqabunga, izigaba ezilinganayo-lanceolate, kufinyelela ku-12 cm ubude.
UPteris ethuthumela (I-Pteris tremula) - enkulu kunazo zonke futhi ifana kakhulu namanye ama-ferns, ummeleli we-pteris. Ingafinyelela kubude obu-1 m, ikhiqize i-waii ebabazekayo ngama-lobes dissected disvedised. Iziqu zithambile futhi ziqhekeka kalula, kepha isitshalo sikhula ngokushesha kangangokuba singakwazi ukuphinda kabili usayizi waso ngonyaka
I-Pteris tape (I-Pteris vittata) ihlukaniswa yisihlahla esihle samaqabunga akhiwa sifinyelela kubude obuyi-1 m, kanye nezimpaphe ezinde zezimpaphe, ezingatholakali ngababili, kodwa ngokuhlukile.
I-Pteris multicut (I-Pteris multifida) ingeyama ferns amangalisayo anesihlukaniso esingajwayelekile se-wai. Amaqabunga amabili e-cirrus akhula abe ngu-40 cm ubude nama-20 cm ububanzi futhi abonakale ngezigaba ezilandelanayo, kufana namahlamvu otshani amancanyana. Ngobukhulu obukhulu bamaqabunga ngokwawo, izingxenye zamaqabunga zinqunyelwe kububanzi obungu-2-3 mm kuphela, futhi umphetho we-serated uwanika okungavamile kakhulu.
Pteris xiphoid (I-Pteris eniformis) ithathwa njengesitshalo esihle kunazo zonke zohlobo lwanhlobo, noma ngabe ivame kakhulu kuneCretan pteris. Ifinyelela kuphela cm angama-30 ukuphakama, iyaqhakaza ngamaqabunga aphinda-phindwe kabili kuze kufike ku-25 cm ubude ngezigaba ezi-oval. Le fern inezinhlobonhlobo ngemivimbo yesiliva noma emhlophe namaphethini, ngokwesibonelo, izinhlobonhlobo ezinhle kakhulu ze-“Victoria”.

I-Pteris kulula kakhulu ukuyikhulisa futhi kubhekwe kufanelekile njengento engenakungabaza kakhulu yeferns yangaphakathi. Yisitshalo lesi esikufanelekelayo ukukhetha abalimi bokuqala nalabo abangafuni ukuzithwalisa umthwalo ngokunakekela okuqoqekile kweqoqo elikhulu lezitshalo zasendlini. I-Pteris ivumelanisa kahle nezimo ezijwayelekile zekamelo futhi empeleni ibeka izidingo eziqinile kuphela kupharamitha yomswakama womoya. Kodwa ukukhula izimbali zepteris kuphela ezimweni zezimbali kungaba yiphutha elikhulu. Lawa ma fern abekezelela kalula ukuguquguquka kokukhanya noma ngisho nokugxuma okubukhali ekushiseni.

I-Pteris longifolia (Pteris longifolia). © Casey B.

URibis Pteris (Pteris vittata). © P Ballings

I-Pteris multicut (Pteris multifida). © cypressnaturepark

Ukunakekelwa kukaPteris Ekhaya

Isibani sikaPteris

I-Pteris ayiphenduli kahle ekuqondiseni ukukhanya kwelanga kanye nokugunda okuqinile, kepha ivumelanisa kahle nezimo ezahlukahlukene ngokukhanyisa okubandayo nomthunzi oyingxenye. Kulesi simo, ukujula, njengomthetho, akukuthinti ukukhanga kwale fern. Ngenxa yokuvumelana nezimo okuhle, ama-pteris angasetshenziswa engaphakathi, abonise hhayi kuphela kuma-windows sill. Emthunzini, i-pteris ayizukufa, kepha iba nenkani ngokwengeziwe futhi ilahlekelwe yizici zesici se-wai.

Okufanelekile ngalesi sitshalo ama-sill asenyakatho asezindlini, kanye nezindawo ezifana nazo ekukhanyiseni. Yize ama-pteris ezwa kahle ezindaweni zasempumalanga nasentshonalanga.

Ukushisa okunethezekayo

I-Pteris ibhekwa njengenye ye-ferns epholile kakhulu yangaphakathi. Lesi sitshalo sibukeka kahle kakhulu uma izinga lokushisa lomoya egumbini lingakhuphuki ngenhla kwama-degrees angama-21-22. I-Pteris ikubekezelela kahle ukushisa kwesikhashana esifushane, kanye nokuguquguquka okubukhali kwezinkomba zokushisa. Izinga lokushisa eliphansi lale fern libhekwa njengama-degree angu-10-13 ebusika, kepha nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka ngeke ahlupheke, noma ngabe izinga lokushisa lishintsha kakhulu. Kepha njengamanani aphakathi we-pteris, izinga lokushisa elingama-degree angama-18 lifaneleka kakhulu (ikakhulukazi amafomu ahlanganisiwe angakubekezeleli ukwehla okukhulu kokushisa). Ngasikhathi sinye, i-fern ithanda okungenani ushintsho oluncane lokushisa phakathi kwemini nobusuku.

UPteris akakubekezeleli kahle okusalungiswa kahle, ikakhulukazi okubandayo. Lesi sitshalo akufanele sikhishwe emoyeni omusha, ngaphandle kwama-balconies ehlobo, kodwa kungcono ukunikeza ama-pteris okuqukethwe okuzinzile egumbini.

UXiphoid Pteris (Pteris Ensiformis). © Fran Manos

Ukunisela nomswakama

Njengawo wonke ama-ferns, i-pteris isitshalo esinempilo kakhulu. Akakuthandi ukugcotshwa kwamanzi, kodwa ukhetha ukuthi isitho esingaphansi ebhodweni sihlala simanzi. Ehlobo, izitshalo zidinga ukuthambisa nsuku zonke. Izinqubo ziyenziwa, kugxilwe kubuningi bomswakama wenhlabathi futhi ngokushesha kukhiphe amanzi epanini.

Kusukela phakathi ekwindla, i-pteris kufanele idluliselwe kancane kancane ibe ngaphansi kwezimo ezomile, inciphise ukunisela ukuze isitshalo siniselwe cishe izikhathi ezingama-2-3 ngesonto ebusika.

Elinye icebo lilungele le fern - igcwalisa isigaqa esingaphansi ngokufaka ebhodweni emanzini afudumele. Imbiza igcinwa emanzini kuze kungabonakali ama-bubble air, bese ivumela umswakama owedlulele ukuthi ugeleze ngokukhululeka.

Umswakama womoya ophakeme awusona izinkomba ezibalulekile, kepha uma umswakama ukhanya ngokwengeziwe, ubukeka babahle ngokwedlulele futhi bukhula ngokwengeziwe. Ngokuphikisana nezinganekwane, ama-florariums nokubonisa izimbali akudingekile kuye, noma ngabe i-pteris ingaba inkanyezi yamaqoqo kuzo. Kuma-pteris, noma yiliphi isu lokukhulisa umswakama ojwayelekile egumbini lomoya lilungile:

i-fern ingafakwa esitsheni esingaphandle esigcwele peat emanzi noma ngamatshe abunjiwe;
izimbiza zingafakwa emaphayilethi nge-moss emanzi noma ngobumba olwandisiwe;
fafaza nsuku zonke imifino ngesifutho esihle.

Ukuthuthumela kukaPteris (Pteris tremula). © pepiniereezavin

Kodwa-ke, izihlambi ezinomswakama kanye nemithombo engaphakathi endlini iphelele.

Lapho unisela futhi ufafaza, kufanele ukhethe ngokucophelela amanzi athambileko okufudumeleko ama-degree amaningana kunokushisa kwegumbi. Ukunisela i-pteris ngamanzi afudumele kubaluleke kakhulu ebusika nalapho kugcinwa kupholile. Kwi-pteris, amanzi ajwayelekile kumele ahlungelwe, futhi aqiniseke ukuthi awaqukethe usawoti owengeziwe we-calcium, chlorine nosawoti we-fluorine. Ngezikhathi zesitshalo, ungakwazi ukufaka amanzi ngejusi kalamula noma i-citric acid.

Ukondla i-pteris

Isheduli yokondla i-pteris ayihlukile kunesu lokufaka umanyolo kwamanye ama-fern. Akadingi i-substrate enempilo kakhulu futhi imvamisa ye-pteris inikela ngesigamu esilingana nezinye izitshalo. Imvamisa efanelekile yezinqubo ukugqoka okungu-1 okuphezulu emasontweni ama-2. Imithamo yomquba enconywe ngumenzi iyanqanyulwa. I-Pteris yondliwa kuphela ngesikhathi esifudumele kusuka ngoMeyi kuya kuSeptemba. Kulesi sitshalo, ungasebenzisa noma umanyolo okhethekile wama-ferns, noma izingxube zezitshalo zokuhlobisa neziyinqaba.

Ukuthena kukaPteris

UPteris ubekezelela ukuthenwa kahle. I-vayi eyonakalisiwe ingasikwa iphansi ngangokunokwenzeka ngesikhathi sokufakelwa noma esiteji sokukhula okusebenzayo. Noma isitshalo sonke sesomile, ungayinquma ngokunamandla i-fern, usike zonke amahlumela. Ukunisela ngokweqile noma ukucwiliswa kwembiza usuku lonke emanzini kuzoholela ekubukekeni kwamahlumela amancane nokubuyiselwa ngokuphelele kwe-fern.

Transplant kanye substrate

Ukuze uthole i-pteris, kuyadingeka ukhethe ukwakheka komhlaba okulula okulungele wonke amafeni engadi. Ingxubevange efanelekile ibhekwa njengengxube elinganayo yezingxenye ezilinganayo zesihlabathi, ishidi, isod, humus ne-peat inhlabathi, kepha noma iyiphi inhlanganisela yenhlabathi evulekile enempilo nge-pH ka-5.5-6.0 nayo iyafaneleka. Lesi sitshalo singatshalwa endaweni eyenziwe lula - kumquba womquba olula noma engxenyeni yenhlabathi enezingxenye ezilinganayo zenhlabathi yobumba evundile, i-peat nesihlabathi.

Njengoba le fern ikhula ngokukhuthele futhi ikhiqiza amahlumela amaningana ngasikhathi, imvamisa idinga ukufakelwa kwaminyaka yonke noma iseminyakeni ebalulekile. Kwi-pteris, ukufakelwa kwentwasahlobo kwentwasahlobo kulungile. Kule nqubo, into esemqoka ukubeka phansi amanzi hhayi ukuqinisa inhlabathi ngokweqile: ngenxa yokwakheka kwenhlabathi kanye nohulumeni wokunisela, ukubambeka ngesikhathi sokutshala kungaholela ekwephulekeni kokuphefumula. Kuma-pteris, umthamo unyuswa ngosayizi owodwa ngokuqhathaniswa nowedlule. Ubunzima obukhulu kunenqubo ukuphatha amahlumela kanye namaqabunga esitshalo, aphuka kalula. UPteris ngokukhethekile utshalwe kanye nomsizi. Lapho ukufakelwa, kungcono ukuhlanza ngokushesha izihlahla, ususe okuphukile, komile noma amahlumela okonakele, ukusike kube sezingeni lomhlabathi.

UPteris uthanda ukuhanjiswa okulula kokukhanya komhlaba, okuzosiza ukugcina ukuphefumula kwengxenye engaphansi. Kwenziwa njalo ngesikhathi sentwasahlobo kanye nehlobo.

Izifo nezinambuzane

I-Pteris iyamelana nezilokazane nezifo. Amabala, ama-mealybugs noma ama-aphid akuvamile ukuba avele esihlahleni, futhi nangaleso sikhathi amasiko angenwe yileli gciwane. Ukulawulwa kwezinambuzane kungcono ngama-insecticides.

Izinkinga ezikhulayo ezivamile:

ukwephulwa kwamaqabunga ngokuphatha ngokungakhathali;
ukwelula isitshalo emthunzini omnyama;
ukubola kwamahlumela ngesikhathi sokugcwala kwenhlabathi;
ukubonakala kwamabala ansundu, ukomiswa kwamaqabunga emakhazeni noma elangeni.

Ukuzalanisa kukaPteris

Izici ezingenamibandela ezinhle ze-pteris zifaka ukukhululeka kokuzala kabusha. Lesi sitshalo sikuvumela kalula ukuthi uthole izinhlobonhlobo ezintsha ezivela ezinhlamvwini nasendaweni yezitshalo. UPteris uzala ngokuzikhandla ngokuzimela. Lapho sezikhulile ezimbizeni ezinkulu nasezitsheni, zichitha spores, lapho, ngomswakama omkhulu, kuvela amahlumela amancane njalo. Kepha uma uqoqa izithombo ngokwakho noma uzithenga, ungahlwanyela imbewu ngoMashi bese ulindela izithombo ukuba zivele, ulondoloze umoya ophansi ongama-degree ayi-1313 nomswakama ophezulu.

Indlela elula yokusabalalisa le fern yangaphakathi ukuhlukanisa i-rhizome. Le fern ayesabi ukulimala, ibekezelela ukufakelwa futhi ibuyiselwa kalula ngemuva kokuhlukana. Ezitshalweni ezindala, ngesikhathi sokufakelwa, ungahlukanisa i-rhizome ezingxenyeni ezinkulu ezingama-2-3 ngesixha esinamandla sezimpande bese usitshala ngamunye njengesitshalo esizimele. Ngenkathi igcina okungenani umswakama womoya ophakathi nendawo nomswakama ongaphansi ozinzile, i-Delenki isheshe ivumelane nezimo futhi ihambele phambili ekukhuleni.