I-currant emnyama, ngenxa yokunambitheka okuhle kwamajikijolo, ukufana kwawo ukuvuthwa, ukubumbana okunothile we-biochemical, ukumelana nesihlobo sezilokazane nezifo, ukukhululeka kokuzala kabusha nokusinda okusheshayo endaweni entsha, kuthande ukuthandwa okukhulu phakathi kwabalimi be-amateur nabalimi abangochwepheshe futhi isendaweni yesibili eRussia e-Russia izindawo zokulima, okwesibili kuphela kuma-sitrobheli. Kulula ukusabalalisa i-currant emnyama ngezindlela ezintathu - ukuhlukanisa isihlahla, ukusika izingcembe eziluhlaza ehlobo nokusika izimpande ezinqenqemeni ekwindla, imvamisa ngoSepthemba. Namuhla sizobheka indlela yokusakazeka kwe-currant emnyama ngendlela ehlobo, okungukuthi, ngokusika izingcingo eziluhlaza.
Ukusakazeka kwe-currant emnyama ngokusika okuluhlaza.
Ukusakaza nini ama-currants amnyama nge-cutways eluhlaza?
Into esemqoka lapha ukuthi ungaphuthelwa, isikhathi kakhulu kuncike ezimweni zezulu zesikhathi samanje. Isibonelo, enhlabathini enomswakama, enempilo, futhi uma kunokushisa kwangempela, ukusikeka okumnyama kungakhula isikhathi eside kunokujwayelekile futhi kubeke iphuzu lokukhula ngokuhamba kwesikhathi (ngakho-ke, akufanele uphuthume ukusika amahlumela). Uma kwenzeka kupholile, inhlabathi ayinampilo yezakhi zomswakama kanye nomswakama, lapho ukusikeka kungashesha ukudala indawo yokukhula, izoba ngamafuphi, kepha ingavele iqale ukugcwala. Ngakho-ke, bazodinga ukusikwa futhi baqale ukukhiqiza kabusha ngokusika okuluhlaza ngaphandle kokulibala.
Eqinisweni, isikhathi esifanele sokuqala ukusika izingcezu ezimnyama zokusika ukhula lwenhlamvu ngokusika okuluhlaza yisikhathi lapho nje beqala ukwenza i-lignign encane (i-crunch encane noma okuthile), futhi umqhele wabo uzohlala futhi ungawi uma ungcolile. Ikhalenda, kungaba ukuphela kokuphela kukaJuni kanye nokuqala kukaJulayi, kepha umbhali wemigqa uthole imiphumela emihle ngisho nalapho etshala ama-currant green cuttings ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti.
Ukusika amahlumela nokuwasika kube yimisiko kufanele kwenziwe ekuseni, kuphetha ngaphambi kwemini. Ehlobo kukuhle, kuya kuqala ukukhanya ekuseni, ungaqala ngehora lesine ekuseni nangejubane elijwayelekile lomsebenzi, futhi uma udinga ukusikwa okuningi kakhulu, khona-ke ngesikhathi sasemini uzobe usunezinkulungwane ezimbalwa. Zifake ngokushesha emgqonyeni wamanzi noma ebhakedeni lamanzi, ukuze ungomi.
Ukuvuna ukusikwa kwe-blackcurrant eluhlaza.
Imaphi ama-blackcurrant bush okufanele uwakhethe ukusika izihlahla?
Ukusika ukusika, okungukuthi, empeleni, ukusabalalisa izinhlobo ezinhle kakhulu ze-currant emnyama, ngaso sonke isikhathi qala uhlole ukutshalwa kwezitshalo, khetha izihlahla ezincane ezineminyaka emine noma emihlanu, kodwa esevele zikwazi ukunikeza isivuno esihle samajikijolo amakhulu futhi amnandi.
By the way, ungashiya la makhasi amnyama esihlahleni somama, okungukuthi, ungawavuni ngokuphelele, kodwa umane unqume wonke amahlumela ekwindla eshiya ukukhula kube nama-4-5 efihlekile ebusweni bomhlaba, bese kuba ngonyaka olandelayo, kuya ngqo ekusikeni kwezihlahla, uzoba yilokho okubizwa ngokuthi isitshalo somama, isihlahla noma izihlahla eziningana ezinokukhula okunamandla, okulungele ukusikwa ekusikeni okuningi.
Kubalulekile! Lapho ukhetha ama-blackcurrant bush wokusika ukusika, naka izifungo ezahlukahlukene, ngakho-ke uma isihlahla sithinteka kakhulu yi-powdery hlobo, khona-ke lokhu kudinga ukulahlwa ngokushesha. Uma ubukhulu bezinso, izinhlamvu ezincane, ama-aphid noma amaqabunga angama-terry ziyabonakala, khona-ke izitshalo ezinjalo ziyagula futhi ngokuqinisekile ngeke zingene ekukhiqweni kabusha. Naka kuphela izitshalo ezinempilo nezikhuliswe ngokugcwele.
Qoba ukusika okuhlaza okotshani obumnyama
Ukuqala, futhi noma kungabonakala kumangalisa kangakanani, udinga ukukhetha ithuluzi, noma amathuluzi amabili - isihlahla nesikere. Musa ukweqa noma munye. Ama-secateurs kufanele abe yinsimbi, abukhali futhi abekwe kahle esandleni, isikhafu kufanele futhi sibe yensimbi ngenhloso yokugudluza ibanga futhi ukuze kuthi ngemuva kokusebenza isikhathi eside iminwe evela kubo ingakhathali futhi ingaphenduki luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Ukusika ukusikwa kwe-blackcurrant kuvame ukujabulisa, ngoba akuyona i-gooseberry, egcwele ngokuphelele ameva noma i-dogrose, okuthi, phakathi kwezinye izinto, nayo ikhule ngokungemthetho ku-greenhouse. Imvamisa, ukusika kusikwa ndawonye, kepha ungakwenza lokhu wedwa.
Njengoba sesishilo - sikhetha izihlahla ezakhiwe kahle futhi ezikhiqizayo futhi sinqume inani eliphezulu lamahlumela wonyaka aqondile kubo ngaphandle kwezimpawu zezifo nezinambuzane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuze zingoma, sizisonga ngengubo yomswakama bese siyidlulisela ethunzini, ngoba ilanga libuye likhanye ekuseni kakhulu futhi lingomisa nokusika okuyigugu.
Ngemuva kokuthi isibalo esidingekayo sokusika sekumisiwe futhi kwaqalwa inqwaba eyanele, isakaze, ungavumeli amaqabunga alimale, ubeke okungcono amahlumela emhlabathini bese umboza nge-burlap emanzi ngaphezulu. Ngemuva kwalokhu, ungaqala ukusika amahlumela abe ukusika.
Kubalulekile! Lapho usika amahlumela we-blackcurrant, hlala uhlukanise izinhlobonhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo, uma kungenjalo ngokuqinisekile uzoxuba ukusikeka. Inketho enhle ukubopha izingqimba ezinkulu ezinhlobonhlobo efanayo ne-twine bese ubopha ilebhu enhlanganisweni nesiqeshana sepulasitiki lapho igama lezinhlobonhlobo libhalwe khona nomaka.
Esikhungweni, sikwenza kalula nje - siqoqa, sigeze futhi sinqume amathini kabhiya we-aluminium sibe imichilo, kusazodlula izinambuzane zamawele bese kuthi ilebuli yamahhala isilungele. Ngendlela, ukuthi ilebula enjalo ilungele ini ukuthi lapho ipeni licindezelwe ngokuqinile kusimbi, noma ngabe umbhalo ubunjiwe (ukunamathiselwa kuphelelwa esibayeni), uzokwazi ukuqonda ukuthi hlobo luni lwezinhlobo ezisezindaweni ezinodaka bese kuthi iphutha lisuswe.
Ngakho-ke, siphazamisekile kancane, silungiselele ama-secateurs, isikelo, amalebula, amawele ama-bundle, isitulo sokwenza lolu hlobo lomsebenzi ukuba lula kakhulu, futhi, futhi, amahlumela ambozwe ukuqhuma okumanzi.
Ukusika ihlumela le-blackcurrant libe yimisiko, siyisusa ekuqhekekeni okumanzi, sithathe i-pruner ngesandla sokudla, nokusika ngakwesobunxele bese umane uhlukanise ihlumela libe izingxenye, bezama ukwenza ubude bawo ngamunye alingane no-12-15 cm futhi abe nama-internode amathathu noma amane kukhona amabanga phakathi kwezinso).
Kepha izingcezu-ke, ngokunengqondo, izingcezu ezingenhla nezisezingeni eliphansi kufanele zibe ngcosana. Isengezo esingaphezulu esisezingeni eliphezulu sizosiza i-shank ukuthi ingene ngokushesha emhlabathini ongaphezulu kohlaza abamba ukushisa, esizokutshela ngakho ngezansi, kahle, futhi amanzi azophuma kahle kusuka kucezu oluphambili lwe-oblique, axege futhi angaboli, kepha uma izingcezu ziqonde futhi ziqondile, khona-ke akukho lutho olukhethekile ngeke kubi.
Izicucu ngokwazo zizama ukuqala ukwenza ukusuka ezansi kwehlumela, ziphinde zibuye kusuka ephepheni elingaphansi cishe ngesigamu sesentimitha. Ama-cutcurrant asikiwe kumele okungenani acishe abe ngosayizi ofanayo, ngakho-ke kulula ukuwahlela futhi ahlanganiswe. Imvamisa, kubambo ngalunye, kusale amaqabunga ambalwa kuphela emqheleni wesibambo, uma kungenjalo ukuvilapha futhi kukhule ngokuphelele. Uma ingaphezulu lekhanda livilapha, kufanele ulisuse ngokuphelele, kepha konke okufanayo, kufanele kube namaqabunga amabili esiqongweni sekhanda ukunciphisa ukuhwamuka (ngaphansi kwalabo abelele phansi).
Kungakho kudingeka isikelo ukuze singawenzi amagoli lapho unciphisa amaqabunga angadingekile, abukhali - asusa amaqabunga kalula futhi ngokushesha.
Umbhede osikiwe obunjiwe obuluhlaza obumnyama.
Ukulungiselela ukusikwa kwe-blackcurrant yokutshala
Ngaphambi kokutshala ukusika kwe-blackcurrant emhlabathini, kusadinga ukulungiswa. Okwamanje, ukusikwa kudinga ukuhlukaniswa kube ngamaqoqo nezinhlobonhlobo, ngokulandelana, kuhlanganiswe ngamawele, kuvame ukuhlanganiswa izinyanda ezingama-50, kufakwe emanzini noma isixazululo sanoma yikuphi ukukhuthaza ukukhula, ngokuvamile kuze kuse.
I-IMC, i-EPIN, iHeteroauxin, iZircon, iTsitovit, iLariksi, iNovosil kanye nenqwaba yamalungiselelo afanayo (abalawuli bokukhula noma izishoshovu zokukhula) bangasetshenziswa njengento ekhuthaza ukukhula. Bathanda i-alamu ukuvuselela (ukuvusa) isiqu, ukuyiphoqa ukuthi yakhe izimpande, futhi kwesinye isikhathi ikhule (okuyinto embi kuphela nge-honeysuckle), bese ukusika konyaka kubukeka njengezingane ezineminyaka emibili (zivame ukubiza okufanayo) futhi zibe nohlelo lwezimpande olwakhiwe kahle.
Ukukhetha indawo yokusika izimpande
Ake sithi sisika izingcezu ze-blackcurrant, sizibophele izinyanda ngokuqinile ngokwezinhlobonhlobo bese sizifaka emabhonteni noma kwezinye iziqukathi ezigcwaliswe ngezinto ezikhulayo. Yini okufanele uyenze ngokulandelayo? Kusukela siqale umsebenzi ngehora lesine ekuseni, ngababili ntambama amashuni angama-2500 asikiwe futhi sinesikhathi esiningi samahhala sokwakha abamba ukushisa kwe-arc okulula ukusiphula.
Okokuqala, sikhetha indawo abamba ukushisa kuyo, kubalulekile ukuthi inhlabathi lapha ingabi bukhulu kakhulu, ibumba, ukuthi umhlaba ongaphansi komhlaba awusondele kune amamitha elilodwa nesigamu ebusweni bomhlaba, ngaphandle kwalokho kuzoba nokugcwala komswakama nokubola kuzokwenzeka, ukuze umhlabathi ungabi yi-acidic kanye nohlaza abamba ukushisa ukuze ungavimbeli wabekwa ngokuphelele ohlangothini lwelanga.
Indawo enhle kakhulu empumalanga nasentshonalanga, lapho kuqala imisebe yasempumalanga ikhanyisa abamba ukushisa, bese imisebe yelanga lishonile, kepha hhayi phakathi kwemini, kungenjalo kuzoshisa ku greenhouse for currants.
Ukulungiswa kwenhlabathi
Okulandelayo, ngichaza ukuthi ngikwenza kanjani, futhi konke kuyangisebenzela, noma mhlawumbe kunezinye izindlela ze-ultramodern, kodwa lokhu kunikeza nomphumela osondele ku-100%. Okokuqala, ngibala indawo edingekayo yokusika kwe-blackcurrant, ngoba nginqume u-2500, bese ngenza imigqa ukuze izitshalo ezingama-25 zibekwe phezu kokunye, okungukuthi, ukusikwa okungama-250 ngemitha yesikwere.
Ngakho-ke, ngidinga ukulungiselela amamitha-skwele ayi-10 kuphela ale ndawo. Ukwazi lokhu, ngiqala ngilungiselela ama-arcs kusuka ku-wire eqinile engxenyeni yemitha ukuphakama nobubanzi obulingana nobubanzi bombhede, ngibenze bafake ne-welding kusuka phezulu nangaphansi, ukuze kube yisakhiwo esisodwa esingahanjiswa. Ngemuva kokuthi ama-arcs esemi ngomumo futhi nendawo yenhlabathi inqunywe, ungaqala ukuyilungisa.
Ukuze uthole ukukhula okuhle kwezimpande, kubalulekile ukuthi inhlabathi ivele iqonde futhi inomsoco, okusho ukuthi ungqimba lokuqala udinga ukufaka ibhakede le-humus ngesikwele semitha ngayinye kanye nesipuni se-nitroammophoska, bese ugaya yonke into kahle, ukhethe ukhula oluphezulu, izinga bese umboza inhlabathi nge-drainage ungqimba - lokhu kufanelekile ubumba olwandisiwe.
Ubukhulu besendlalelo salo ngamasentimitha amabili. Okulandelayo, ungqimba wesithathu - eqinisweni, ungqimba ophambili wezakhi, lapho izihlahla zizokwakheka khona. Ngikucebisa ukuthi ukwenze kanjena - thatha ibhakede lesihlabathi somfula, ibhakede le-humus ne isipuni se-superphosphate uhlanganise konke kahle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le ngxube isatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo phezu kwendawo ukuze ukuqina kwayo kube ngu-10 cm cm. Lesi yisilo esihle somsoco. Kuyinto efiselekayo futhi ukuthulula amasentimitha ambalwa ungqimba lwesihlabathi somfula ngaphezulu.
Imibhede yokuhlanganisa ngemisundu eluhlaza ye-currant emnyama.
Ithuluzi lokunisela
Ukunisela, ngaphezu kwenhlabathi, cishe kuyingxenye eyimpumelelo. Amaqabunga ngesikhathi sokuqala sokuphila kwawo, cishe inyanga, kufanele abe nomswakama omncane ebusweni bawo, futhi umswakama obamba ukushisa ngokwawo kufanele ube mkhulu. Ungakufeza kanjani lokhu? Kulula kakhulu - ukubamba ipayipi ku-greenhouse, kulungise cishe ngaphansi kwesiqalo sendawo eluhlaza bese kufakwa ama-nozzles epayipini - inkungu ephuma emanzini.
Njengoba i-greenhouse yethu inobude bamamitha-skwele ayishumi kuphela, sidinga ama-nozzles angama-6-7 namamitha ayi-10 epayipi lepulasitiki elinepulaki yokungenisa i-hose yokunisela ngompompi, akusekho okunye. Ama-nozzles aqoqelwe kahle kwipayipi lensimbi-yepulasitiki, futhi yize kungeniswa ohlelweni lokunisela olujwayelekile ngokusebenzisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zokuzikhukhumeza.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindlela ezimbili - kungaba uguqule ngesandla amanzi noma ubeke iphampu. Yini enhle ngokulungiswa kwemanyuwali ekunikezelweni kwamanzi - uma amandla esecishiwe, iphampu izophenduka ithoyizi elibizayo futhi izitshalo ziyozila. Vele, ungathenga i-generator, kepha-ke idinga izinzwa ze-autostart, ngokuvamile, sizoshiya wonke la mathoyizi abizayo wezakhiwo ezinkulu zokugcina ukushisa.
Sizokwazi ukukhetha ukunisela okubhaliwe kusuka kwi-hose ejwayelekile. Wavula empompini, amanzi ngokusebenzisa lezi zilo aphenduka inkungu futhi ngemuva kwemizuzwana eyi-6-7 uthepha ungavalwa, ifilimu elincanyana lamanzi selivele likhona egqabheni ngalinye nangaphezulu kwenhlabathi. Into esemqoka lapha ukungathululeli hhayi ukuthela. Ngakho-ke, uma kubanda, ungayinisela izikhathi ezingama-4-5 ngosuku, uma kushisa, bese-ke sekuphindwe kabili - ubusuku ikhefu.
Ukutshala ukusika okuluhlaza nendawo yokukhosela
Yebo, lapho konke sekumi ngomumo, ungasonga ngokucophelela isakhiwo esihlanganile ukuze singaphazamisi, bese utshala izingqimba ngokusho kwesikimu esinqunyelwe ngaphambili, sizikhulise ngesigamu nesigamu noma amasentimitha amabili bese ucindezela kancane ngesithupha sakho nesandule sangaphambili. Imvamisa, kuthatha amahora ambalwa ukutshala ama-2500 ukusikeka kwe-blackcurrant blackcurrant, ngakho-ke ungahlala uvala abamba ukushisa futhi, noma ngaphandle kokumboza ngefilimu, uwunisele.
Lapho usuqedile ukutshala yonke imihlobiso emnyama, kubalulekile ukuvala abamba ukushisa ngokuphelele ngokunciphisa isakhiwo bese usimboza kahle ngefilimu kuze kube maphakathi no-Agasti, lapho ingxenye yefilimu ingavuswa ukuba ibe lukhuni.
Kubalulekile! Ukuze umoya ungashayi lo greenhouse, mane nje ubambe izikhonkwane ezine cm cm ubude ezisekelweni zawo emakhoneni bese uzinamathela emhlabathini, bese kuthi ngemuva kwesivunguvungu, okwenzeka kaningi, singazukuvele sivele ophahleni lwemoto kamakhelwane noma eyakho.
Ngendlela, kungcono ukuthatha ifilimu yombala wobisi, okungekho okubonakalayo, ngakubona mathupha ukuthi ngaphansi kwefilimu enjalo izitshalo zimila kangcono kakhulu. Uma phakathi nobusika womile kahle futhi ugoqwe ngokucophelela, ubekwe endaweni efudumele, khona-ke kuzohlala isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka.
Isihlahla esisha se-currant emnyama.
Esikhundleni sesiphetho
Abaningi babhala ukuthi izimpande ezisezinsikeni eziluhlaza ze-blackcurrant zakhiwa emavikini ambalwa emva kokuba okusaliwe sekutshaliwe kuhlu lokushisa, kunjalo. Kodwa uhlelo olunjalo lwezimpande alukakulungeli ukukhula kumhlabathi we-coarser, ngakho-ke, ukusika okunjalo akulungele ukutshala embhedeni wokukhula.
Ngikucebisa kakhulu ukuthi ungajahi, ulinde kuze kube maphakathi no-Septhemba futhi usuvele usukelile okusikiwe okuluhlaza okwenqenqemeni emnyama, njengezitshalo ezizimele, embhedeni okhulayo, futhi emva konyaka - endaweni yaphakade.
Ukuze unciphise ukulimala ohlelweni lwezimpande lapho ugaya izingcezu ezisikiwe ezimnyama, ngikweluleka ukuthi ungasebenzisi ifosholo, njengoba kwenza abaningi, kodwa ifologi.
