Ukuphakama okukhulu, amandla, ubukhulu. Le ndlela i-oak ichazwa ngayo ezinganekwaneni zasendulo. Abamele lolu hlobo lukhula emikhondweni eminingi yomhlaba wethu, kepha izinhlobo ezithakazelisa kakhulu nezindala zitholakala endaweni yeRussian Federation. Ezindaweni ezinezimo ezifanele zokuthuthuka kwazo.
Incazelo
I-Oak isihlahla esinamandla noma esihlala siqinile somndeni we-beech (uhlobo lwezihlahla). Ukukhula kwemvelo, isitshalo sidinga isimo sezulu esifudumele, ngakho-ke kaningi sitholakala eNyakatho Nenkabazwe, kwesinye isikhathi ezindaweni eziphakemeyo zezintaba.
Kungakhathalekile ukuthi hlobo luni, zonke izihlahla zinezici ezivamile. Ukuphakama kusuka kumamitha angama-35 kuye kwangama-50. Ezinye izinkomba zifinyelela kumamitha angama-60. Isiqu saso siwugqinsi impela, futhi amagxolo aso awaneme futhi ambozwe imifantu ejulile.
Unganquma uhlobo lwesihlahla ngokwakheka kwamaqabunga (ngokwesibonelo, serated, lobed, cirrus) nemibala ehlukahlukene.
Kuyamangaza ukuthi i-oki ibukeka kanjani ekwindla. Amahlamvu aluhlaza ohlobo olujwayelekile ashintsha abe “izingubo” zamakhethini abomvu, onsomi, owolintshi, ansundu, aphuzi.
Umuthi uphendula kakhulu ekukhanyisweni. Amagatsha awo ayaphephetha, ngoba adonswa ekukhanyeni futhi aguqula indlela yawo ngokuya ngezimo zezulu.
Ngokuqondene nohlelo lwezimpande, nalo lunamandla futhi lukhule kahle, kanye nengxenye engenhla futhi lujula emhlabathini. Ama-Giant akhetha ukukhula emhlabathini wezakhi. Umswakama kufanele ube olinganiselayo. Kepha bakhona abamele abakhethe izindawo ezinamaxhaphozi noma ezomile.
Izimbali zenzeka ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo nokuqedwa kwezimbali ezincane ezinesigqi sombala oluhlaza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimbali zesifazane ziphethe i-pestle kuphela, izimbali zesilisa (ziqoqane kuma-inflorescence) - ama-stamens kuphela. Ukuwohloka kwemvelo kwenzeka ngokubamba iqhaza kwezinambuzane noma umoya.
Ngemuva kokuqhakaza izimbali, kwakheka isithelo - i-acorn enobude obuhlukile ngesigqoko, okuthiwa yi-plus. Ngokwakheka kwesithelo nokubukeka, ama-plus anquma ukungafani kwe-oki.
Iminyaka kanye nemibala
Oaks baphila isikhathi eside kunazo zonke. Ngokwesilinganiso, isikhathi sokuphila se-oki sifinyelela eminyakeni engama-300-500. Kepha kunezimo ezithile ezihlala iminyaka engama-2000. Iminyaka yokuqala engu-150, isihlahla sifinyelela ukuphakama, futhi emva - ububanzi. Ngakho-ke, ububanzi besigaxa sibalwa ukuthi i-oak ihlala iminyaka emingaki. Esidala kunazo zonke yi-Stelmuzh oak, ekhula eLithuania, futhi ineminyaka eyi-1,500 ukuphakama okungama-23 m nobubanzi obuyi-4 m.
Izinhlobo eziphambili
Inani lezinhlobo zama-oki emhlabeni wonke likhulu. Ngokusho kwemithombo ehlukahlukene, amanani abo aqala ku-450-600.
Izinhlobo zaseRussia
Cabanga ngezinhlobonhlobo zezihlahla zama-oki ezivame kakhulu ezitshalwe ezindaweni zaseRussia.
Oak oki
Ngaphezu kweRussian Federation, izinhlobo zingatholakala emazweni aseNtshonalanga Yurophu. Futhi isibindi eside. Ezinye zezimpawu ezihlukanisayo yilezi: ukumelana nemimoya, isomiso isikhathi eside kanye nokushisa okukhulu ngokweqile.
Izikhungo ezikhula ngokuqhubekayo, njengoba zisho "esigangeni," ziqothuleka ziye kumamitha angama-50 ukuphakama. Kepha komakhelwane namanye ama-oki, ukuphakama kwawo kuphansi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa ye-Photophilousness, umqhele, owakhiwa ngamahlamvu ubude obungu-15 cm, ubekwe phezulu kwesiqu. Ngokuqondene nenhlabathi, izihlahla zithanda indawo evundile.
Chestnut oki
Kunzima kakhulu ukuthola izinhlobonhlobo ezisendaweni yaseRussia, emapaki kuphela owenziwe ngobuciko namahlathi anwebile, ngoba ngenxa yokungagawulwa komgwaqo wokwakha, lesi sitshalo sibhalwe kwiRed Book. Izici ezihlukile ziyisiqu eside, esifinyelela kumamitha angama-30 ubude, ngaphezu kwawo kukhona umqhele oboshwe ngamaqabunga angunxantathu nemiphetho ekhonjiwe.
Inani elikhethekile lezinkuni lilele ngokhuni lobunzima obukhulayo nokumelana nesithwathwa.
Isihlahla se-okhi se-coarse
Izinhlobo zitholakala eningizimu yeCaucasus ezindaweni zezintaba. Imvamisa amapaki adalwe wenziwe. Ekuphakameni, isihlahla sikhula kancane. Umqhele wenziwa ngamaqabunga amafushane ngama-lobunt afiphaza. Ubude bamahlamvu bufika ku-8 cm. Isitshalo sithanda ukukhanya kakhulu, sinokumelana kakhulu nesithwathwa kanye nesimo sezulu esomile.
IsiMongolia
Umuthi ubukeka kakhulu. Ngokuhlobisa kwayo, i-oki nayo yabonwa abaqambi bayo.
Njengomthetho, itshalwa ezindaweni njengethipeworm noma ezintabeni ngendlela yamalungu afanayo. Lesi sitshalo sikhula kahle emthunzini oyingxenye. Isici esiyingqayizivele sezinhlobonhlobo ngamahlamvu. Inesimo esidlulile futhi ikhula ibe ngu-20 cm ubude. Umbala womqhele nawo uyathakazelisa. Ehlobo, kuluhlaza okotshani. Kepha ukuqala kokuwa kwamaqabunga, umbala wayo uyashintsha ube nsundu okhanyayo.
Hartvis Oak
Yaziwa nangokuthi i-oki yase-Armenia. Izwe lakubo liyingxenye eseNtshonalanga yeCaucasus. Lesi sitshalo sithanda ukukhula ezindaweni ezinomswakama, ezinezithunzi ngokwendawo enomhlaba ovundile nendawo efudumele.
Kungenxa yezimo nesimo sezulu lapho oki lukhula khona ukuthi khona kwalo ezindaweni ezibandayo akunakwenzeka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubekezelela ubusika kabi kakhulu.
Amahlamvu anesimo se-obovate esine-lobval e-oval. Ngemuva kokuqhakaza, ama-acorns akha amafomu obude.
IMedithera naseYurophu
Azikho izincazelo eziphansi ezithakazayo ezikhula kulezi zifunda.
Ikhokho
Le nhlobonhlobo i-corkbill ebalulekile, ifinyelela ku-20 m ukuphakama, ikhula kancane futhi ingeyo-evergreens. Ikhula kakhulu ezikweletini nasezihlolweni. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi lesi sitshalo sithanda umswakama, siyamelana nesomiso. Umqhele wakhiwa kusuka kumaqabunga amise okwama-oval aze afinyelela ku-6 cm. Ngaphezu kwalokho, anendawo engaphansi efofiyelwe nendawo engaphezulu. Isibeletho sifanekiselwa yi-acorn encane ehlezi kakhulu ku-bun.
Rocky
Lesi uhlu olukhulu lwezindawo zasepaki namahlathi. Isitshalo sinomthunzi futhi sithanda ukushisa, sincamela ukukhula ezindaweni ezinomswakama olinganiselayo. Izici ezihlukanisayo zingamahlamvu. Itholakala ku-petioles 2 cm ubude.Izimbali ze-oki zabesifazane zitholakala esiqwini esifushane. Okufanayo kuya kuma-acorns.
I-Fluffy oak
Lesi sici sibukeka njengesihlahla eside kakhulu esifinyelela ekuphakameni kwamamitha ayi-10. Sithanda ukukhula emasimini amile nawomile, nasendaweni yemvelo. Ngakho-ke, cishe akunakwenzeka ukuyikhulisa. Uma i-oak futhi isebenzisa ekubumbeni komhlaba, ke njengesendlalelo. Umuthi ubolekeka kahle ekusikeni, ungakha umqhele ngokubona kwakho.
Igama le-oki lahamba ngenxa yokubukeka kwayo: yonke into, kusukela emagatsheni kanye namahlamvu, futhi iphele nangama-acorns, imbozwe nge-canon.
Melika
Ezifundeni zaseMelika, izinhlobo zezilwane zimelelwa ngezinhlobo ezilandelayo.
Oak obomvu
Ummeleli omuhle kakhulu, ophawuleki hhayi ngobukhulu bawo kuphela (afinyelela ukuphakama kwamamitha angama-30-50 nobubanzi kuze kufike kumamitha ayi-1).
I-Oak inombala omuhle kakhulu womqhele. Ngesikhathi sokuhlakazwa, amahlamvu anezisekelo ezibomvu. Ehlobo, umbala wayo uluhlaza okotshani. Kepha lapho kuqala ukwindla, kushintsha kube nsundu okukhanyayo noma okusajingijolo.
Kwakungenxa yokubukeka kwabo ukuthi i-oki yayivame ukusetshenziswa ekwakhiweni komhlaba. Zonke ezinye izici ziyafana namakhophi aseRussia ajwayelekile.
Enyakatho
Ngaphandle kwalokho, yaziwa ngokuthi yi-boral. Izwe lakubo yizifunda zaseNyakatho Melika. Ngokubukeka, i-oki iyafana nezinhlobo "ezibomvu". I-Crohn namaqabunga yi-ovoid. Amaqabunga akhula aze afike ku-25 cm ubude, kuthi lapho kuqala ekwindla aphenduke obomvu obuhle obukhanyayo. Umehluko kuphela isiqu. Akuqhekeki kangako futhi ijiya, ngakho-ke ibukeka ibushelelezi kunamanye ama-oki. Ngobuhle baso, isitshalo esivame ukutshala ezindaweni zepaki.
Itshe le-oki
Le nhlobonhlobo inezimpawu zayo:
- isitshalo esihlala sikhona;
- inendawo enkulu yesiqu, yonke efakwe ngumbala;
- amagxolo angwevu;
- umqhele uyafiphala, unamagatsha angatheni;
- amahlamvu awashonile, afinyelela kubude obuyi-8 cm;
- isici esiyingqayizivele - i-substrate yombala omhlophe noma ophuzi, kwezinye izimo embozwe ngenqwaba;
- kungenzeka ukwakha umqhele;
- ine-subspecies yayo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi sitshalo asinciphisi ngokuphelele ukukhanya futhi singakhula kunoma iyiphi inhlabathi.
I-Oak Enkulu
Lesi sibalo sithanda izindawo ezimanzi, ngakho-ke zitholakala eduze namachibi noma ezindaweni ezinemvula. Ungaqaphela ngamaqabunga angenamikhawulo wesimo semidwebo emide nokuthi unamabili ama-5 amabala. Entwasahlobo, amahlamvu aqhakaza apendwe ngombala wesiliva. Kubukeka sengathi kunohlobo oluthile lokufafaza kukho. Kamuva, umbala ushintsha ube luhlaza ogcwele satshanyana ngobukhazikhazi. Kulokhu, uhlangothi olungezansi lumhlophe mhlophe. U-Oak uthole igama lakhe lezithelo. Ama-acorns akhe makhulu kakhulu (cishe abe ngu-5 cm ubude) futhi atholakala ezihlahleni ezimfishane. Imichilo imboza ingane isisigamu.
I-Loosestrife
Uma ubheka esihlahleni, ungafunga ukuthi uzoluma. Iqiniso ngukuthi lesi sitshalo sinokuma okungajwayelekile kwamaqabunga kuwo wonke ama-oki. Kuyinto i-oblong, emincane, futhi ifinyelela kubude obungamasentimitha ayi-12. Ekwindla, amahlamvu athola umbala ophuzi we-matte. Isitshalo asinazidingo zokuhlala nendawo enhlabathini. Kuvame ukutholakala emahlathini aqobayo futhi atshalwe kumapaki.
I-White Oak
Izwe lezinhlobonhlobo yizifunda zasempumalanga. Isitshalo, empeleni, asinazidingo zomhlaba, kepha sakhiwa kangcono kumsoco, i-limestone futhi sikhanyelwe kahle. Ubukhulu bayo bufinyelela ku-30 m ukuphakama. Umqhele uyahluma, unamandla, uboshwe, wakheka ngamaqabunga e-oval-oval. Lezi zokugcina zinama-lobes afinyelela ku-9 "blunt" futhi akhula afinyelela kuma-22 cm ubude.
Umbala womqhele muhle ngokungajwayelekile. Ngokushesha ngemuva kokuchithwa, ibomvu ngokugqamile. Lapho kuqala ihlobo, liphenduka libe phezulu elihlaza okotshani okuphezulu kanye nelitho elimhlophe-elimhlophe. Futhi ekwindla, amahlamvu aba umbala obomvu onsomi noma onsomi obomvu. Isiqu simbozwe ngogxolo olukhanyayo, okungekho ngaphansi kokuqhekeka kakhulu. Ngemuva kokuqhakaza, ama-acorn akha ama-2,5 cm ubude, afihlwe yi-plus. Lesi sitshalo siyabekezelela isomiso kahle, sithande ukubanda kakhulu. Kuthuthukiswe kahle. Imvamisa ifike emixholweni. Ingakhula yodwa noma eqenjini nezinye izihlahla.
Swamp Oak
IGiant ikhula esifundeni esisempumalanga yeNyakatho Melika. Incamela izindawo ezimanzi ezinamanzi amabi, i-loams, inhlabathi yobumba (isilinganisi sendawo nokugcwala okukhulu kokhilimu ayamukeleki). Ngakho-ke, imvamisa ingatholakala ngasogwini lomfula, emifudlaneni nasezindizeni ezimanzi. I-Oak ithanda ukufudumala, ikhetha ukukhula ezindaweni ezinelanga, imvamisa ingeyesithunzi esithile, ibekezelela isithwathwa nomoya kahle. Kubukeka kukuhle ezihlahleni noma komakhelwane nezinye izihlahla.
Isitshalo sikhula kancane, sifinyelela ku-25 m ukuphakama no-10-15 ububanzi. Isimo se-Crohn pyramidal. Isiqu simbozwe ngamagxolo aluhlaza akhanyayo, ahlala ebushelelezi isikhathi eside. I-Foliage ikhula ibe ngu-12 cm ubude, inamabala ahlukene ahlukene. Umbala wamaqabunga uluhlaza okotshani okhanyayo, ohlangothini olungezansi lube lula. Eduze kwamakhona emithambo, ubukhali bezinwele buyabonakala. Ekwindla, umbala ushintsha ube onsomi okhanyayo. I-fetus imelelwa yi-acorn encane (kufika ku-1.5 cm) okwesithathu ifihlwe yi-plus.
