Tshala izibani.
- Ingxenye 1: Kungani kukhanyisela izitshalo. Ama-Lumens nama-Suites angaqondakali
- Ingxenye 2: Izibani zezitshalo ezikhanyayo
- Ingxenye 3: Ukukhetha Uhlelo Lokukhanyisa
Izitshalo zasendlini ziyathandeka. Kufanele zikhule 'emhumeni', futhi wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi izitshalo azikhuli emihumeni. Izitshalo ezijabule kunabo bonke zithola imisebe yelanga enelanga, kepha ilungiselelo elifanayo maqondana nokukhanya, kunalokho, i-analogue yangaphakathi, ngaphansi kwesihlahla eside, lapho ilanga livela kuphela ekuseni noma kusihlwa, futhi lelo lihlakazekile ngamahlamvu.
Mhlawumbe icala eliyingqayizivele kunazo zonke kwakuyikhaya lami langaphambili lapho sasihlala esitezi seshumi nesishiyagalombili sendlu edilikisiwe. Amafasitela ayemakhulu, cishe wonke udonga, azikho ezinye izindlu noma izihlahla eziwavimbile, futhi izitshalo zami bezingadingi ukukhanyiswa, zazikwazi ukuqhakaza amahlandla ama-5-6 ngonyaka (ngokwesibonelo, ama-bougainvilleas nama-callistemons). Kepha, uyaqonda, indlu enjalo evinjelwe yisehlakalo esivelakancane.
Ngokuvamile, izitshalo empeleni azinakho ukukhanya okwanele ezimeni zamakamelo, hhayi ebusika kuphela kodwa futhi ehlobo. Akukho ukukhanya - akukho ntuthuko, akukho ukukhula, akukho eziqhakaza izimbali.
Lokhu kuphakamisa umbuzo wokukhanyiselwa kwezitshalo, okuhloswe ngawo ukunxenxa ukungatholakali kokukhanyisa ezimeni zekamelo, "umhume".
Kwesinye isikhathi izitshalo zikhula ngokuphelele ngaphandle kwemini, ngenxa yamalambu nje, ngokwesibonelo, egumbini okungekho windows, noma uma izitshalo zikude nefasitela.
Ngaphambi kokubandakanyeka ekukhanyiseni kwezitshalo, udinga ukunquma ukuthi uhlose ukuzikhanyisela noma ukukhanyisa ngokuphelele. Uma ungakhanyisa kuphela, ungathola ngamalambu we-fluorescent ashibhile, cishe ungakhathazeki ngobuningi balezi zibani.
Amalambu adinga ukufakwa ngaphezulu kwezitshalo cishe amasentimitha angama-20 ukusuka kwiphepha eliphezulu. Esikhathini esizayo, kubalulekile ukuhlinzeka ngamathuba okuhambisa isibani noma isitshalo. Ngijwayele ukubeka izibani ziphakeme kunalokho obekulindelwe, futhi “ngadonsela” izitshalo emalambu, ngisebenzisa amabhodwe aqondiswa phansi. Lapho izitshalo sezikhulile, indawo yokubeka izimbotshana ingabekwa esikhundleni esincane noma isuswe.
Omunye umbuzo lapho usuvele unamathisele izibani: amahora amangaki ngosuku ukukhanyisa? Izitshalo ezishisayo zidinga amahora angama-12-14 emini ukuze zikhule ngokugcwele. Lapho-ke bazokhula baqhume. Ngakho-ke, udinga ukuvula isibani esingemva kwamahora ambalwa ngaphambi kokuba kukhanyele emgwaqweni, bese ucima amahora ambalwa ngemuva kokuba mnyama.
Ngokukhanyisa okuphelele kwezitshalo, umuntu kufanele futhi acabangele ukubonwa kokukhanya. Izibani ezijwayelekile azikwazi ukwenza lapha. Uma izitshalo zakho zingaboni ukukhanya kwemini, lapho-ke udinga ukufaka izibani ngombukiso okhethekile - wezitshalo kanye / noma ama-aquarium.
Kuyinto elula kakhulu ukusebenzisa i-timer-edluliselwe lapho ikhanyisa kabusha noma ukukhanyisa okugcwele kwezitshalo. Indlela elula kunazo zonke yimodi yangaphakathi, okungukuthi, edluliselwe kuyo ikuvumela ukuthi uvule ekuseni amahora ambalwa, bese kuthi kusihlwa.
Zama ukukhanyisa izitshalo futhi uzoqaphela ukuthi zikhula kangcono kangakanani lapho zinokukhanya okwanele!
Kule ngxenye, sizokhuluma kafushane ngemibono eyisisekelo labo abazama ukuthola izinhlobo eziningi zamalambu zezitshalo ezikhanyayo ezibhekene nazo.
Imiqondo eyisisekelo
Amalambu nezindawo zokugqoka ngokuvamile zivusa ukudideka. Lawa manani amayunithi wokulinganisa we-flux ekhanyayo nokukhanya okumele kudingidwe.
Amandla kagesi wesibani alinganiswa kuma-watts, futhi umfudlana okhanyayo (“Amandla okukhanya”) - ku-lumens (Lm). Ukukhanya okukhulu, isibani esikhanya ngokwengeziwe. Isithasiselo ne-hose yezitshalo zokuphuza - kulapho ompompi uvulekile, "into emanzi" yonke into izoba iseduze.
I-flux ekhanyayo ifaka umthombo wokukhanya, futhi ukuvezwa ukukhanya - indawo okukhanya kuyo. Ngokuqhathanisa ne-hose - udinga ukwazi ukuthi angakanani amanzi afinyelela iphuzu elilodwa noma kwelinye. Lokhu kuzonquma ukuthi udinga isikhathi esingakanani ukunisela izitshalo engadini.
Ukukhanyisa kukalwa ku-lux (Lx). Umthombo okhanyayo onobuthi obukhanyayo obuyi-1 Lm, okhanyisa ngokulinganayo indawo engaphezulu yesikwele. m kwakha phezu kwaso ukukhanyiselwa kwe-1 Lux.
Imithetho Esebenzisekayo
Umthetho ongafanele wesikweleUkukhanyiselwa ebusweni kulingana ngokulingana nesikwele sebanga ukusuka kus Isibani kuya phezulu. Uma uhambisa isibani silenga ngaphezulu kwezitshalo ukuphakama kwesigamu semitha, ukuphakama kwemitha eyodwa ukusuka ezitshalweni, kwandisa ibanga ngesigamu, khona-ke ukukhanya kwezitshalo kuzokwehla amahlandla amane. Lokhu kumele kukhunjulwe lapho udala uhlelo lwezitshalo zokukhanya.
Ukukhanyisa ebusweni kuya nge-engela yesigamekoUkukhanyisa phezu komhlaba kuya nge-engele ekhanyiselwe kuyo le ndawo. Isibonelo, ilanga ntambama ehlobo, ngenkathi liphakeme esibhakabhakeni, lidala ukukhanya okuphindwe kaningana ebusweni bomhlaba kunelanga, elenga ngaphezu komkhathi ngosuku lwasebusika.
Uma usebenzisa isibani ukukhanyisa izitshalo, zama ukugcina ukukhanya okukhona ezitshalweni.
Isikhala nombala
Umbukeli wombalaUmbala wokukhanya okhiphe isibani ubonakala ngokushisa kombala (i-CCT - Correlated Colour Temp
isizinda). Lokhu kusekelwe kumgomo wokuthi uma kufudumele, ngokwesibonelo,
ucezu lwensimbi, umbala walo uguquka usuka kubomvu-orenji uye waba luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ukushisa kwensimbi efudumele, lapho umbala wayo usondele kakhulu kumbala wesibani, ubizwa ngokuthi izinga lokushisa lesibani. Kukalwa ngamadigri uKelvin.
Enye ipharamitha yesibani yinkomba yokunikeza umbala (i-CRI - inkomba yokunikeza umbala). Le paramitha ikhombisa ukuthi isondele kangakanani imibala yezinto ezikhanyisiwe kwimibala yangempela. Leli nani linenani elisuka ku-zero liye kwelinye ikhulu. Isibonelo, izibani ze-sodium zinokukhishwa kombala ophansi, zonke izinto ezingaphansi kwazo zibonakala zinombala ofanayo. Izinhlobo ezintsha zamalambu we-fluorescent ane-CRI ephezulu. Zama ukusebenzisa izibani ezinenani le-CRI ephezulu ukwenza izitshalo zakho zibukeke zikhange ngokwengeziwe. Lezi zinhlaka ezimbili zivame ukukhonjiswa kufakwa ilebula lamalambu we-fluorescent. Isibonelo, / 735 - kusho isibani esinenani le-CRI = 70-75, CCT = 3500K - isibani esimhlophe esifudumele, / 960 - isibani esine-CRI = 90, CCT = 6000K - isibani sasemini.
I-CCT (K) | Isibani | Umbala |
| 2000 | Isibani se-sodium ephansi yengcindezi (esetshenziselwa ukukhanyisa imigwaqo), i-CRI <10 | I-Orange - Ukuphuma kwelanga |
| 2500 | Isibani se-sodium esingafakwanga phezulu (DNaT), CRI = 20-25 | Okuphuzi |
| 3000-3500 | Isibani se-Incandescent, CRI = 100, CCT = 3000K Isibani esishisayo esimhlophe-esimhlophe, CRI = 70-80 Isibalo seHalogen, CRI = 100, CCT = 3500K | Okumhlophe |
| 4000-4500 | Isibani se-Cold fluorescent (esimhlophe-esimhlophe), i-CRI = 70-90 Isibani se-Metal halide (i-iron halide), i-CRI = 70 | Okumhlophe okupholile |
| 5000 | Isibani se-mercury esihlanganisiwe, CRI = 30-50 | Okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka - isibhakabhaka sasemini sasemini |
| 6000-6500 | Isibani se-fluorescent sasemini, CRI = 70-90 Isibani se-Metal halide (i-iron-halide, i-DRI), i-CRI = 70 I-Mercury Lamp (DRL) CRI = 15 | Isibhakabhaka esinamafu |
Njengomphumela wenqubo ye-photosynthesis eyenzeka ezitshalweni, amandla okukhanya aguqulwa abe amandla asetshenziswa isitshalo. Ngenqubo ye-photosynthesis, lesi sitshalo simunca isikhutha bese sikhipha umoya-mpilo. Ukukhanya kudonswa imibala ehlukahlukene kulesi sitshalo, ikakhulukazi i-chlorophyll. Le pigment idonsa ukukhanya ezingxenyeni eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokubomvu kwesibuko.
I-Chlorophyll absorption spectrum (enezingqimba - wavelength in nm)Ngaphezu kwe-photosynthesis, kunezinye izinqubo ezitshalweni, lapho ukukhanya okuvela ezingxenyeni ezihlukile zesikhonkwane kube nomthelela wazo. Ngokukhetha i-spectrum, eguqula ubude besikhathi sokukhanya nesikhathi esimnyama, umuntu angasheshisa noma anciphise ukukhula kwesitshalo, afinyeze isikhathi sokukhula, njll.
Isibonelo, izimbotshana ezinomthamo wokuqonda endaweni ebomvu ezibukwayo zibhekele ukuthuthukiswa kohlelo lwezimpande, ukuvuthwa kwezithelo, nokuqhakaza kwezitshalo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, izindlu zokugcina izithombo zisebenzisa izibani ze-sodium, lapho imisebe eminingi iwela esifundeni esibomvu se-spectrum. Amaphayiphu anesiqongo sokufakwa esifundeni esiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka anesibopho sokuthuthukiswa kwamaqabunga, ukukhula kwezitshalo, njll. Izitshalo ezikhula ngokukhanya okunganele kokuhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, njengaphansi kwesibani se-incandescent, zide kakhulu - ziyelula ukuze zithole “ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka” okuningi. Umbala, obhekele ukuqondiswa kwesitshalo ubheke ekukhanyeni, futhi uzwela imisebe eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Isiphetho esibalulekile siyalandela kulokhu: isibani esenzelwe ukukhanyisela izitshalo kufanele sibe nemibala ebomvu neblue.
Abakhiqizi abaningi bamalambu we-fluorescent banikela ngamalambu ngombala olungiselelwe izitshalo. Zingcono izitshalo kunaleyo ejwayelekile ye-fluorescent esetshenziselwa ukukhanyisa amakamelo. Kunengqondo ukusebenzisa isibani esinjalo uma udinga ukufaka okunye kwasendulo. Ngamandla afanayo, isibani esikhethekile sinikeza ukukhanya okwengeziwe “okuwusizo” ezitshalweni. Uma ufaka uhlelo olusha lwezitshalo zokukhanyisa, ngakho-ke musa ukujaha lezi zibani ezikhethekile, ezibiza kakhulu kunamalambu ajwayelekile. Faka isibani esinamandla kakhudlwana ngombala ophakeme okhipha i-coeffnty (ukumaka kwesibani - / 9 ...). Esibonelweni sayo kuzoba nazo zonke izinto ezidingekayo, futhi kuzonikeza ukukhanya okuningi kakhulu kunesibani esikhethekile.
Sibonga ngokukhethekile kubasebenzi besayithi i-ptpticals.s imvume yokushicilela i-athikili kumithombo yethu.
